scholarly journals The prevalence of underweight in 9–10-year-old schoolchildren in Liverpool: 1998–2006

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 953-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne M Boddy ◽  
Allan F Hackett ◽  
Gareth Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrum ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Substantial Problem ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of underweight between 1998 and 2006 in Liverpool schoolchildren aged 9–10 years using recently published underweight cut-off points.Design and settingStature and body mass data collected at the LiverpoolSportsLinx project’s fitness testing sessions were used to calculate BMI.SubjectsData were available on 26 782 (n13 637 boys, 13 145 girls) participants.ResultsOverall underweight declined in boys from 10·3 % in 1998–1999 to 6·9 % in 2005–2006, and all sub-classifications of underweight declined, in particular grade 3 underweight, with the most recent prevalence being 0·1 %. In girls, the prevalence of underweight declined from 10·8 % in 1998–1999 to 7·5 % in 2005–2006. The prevalence of all grades of underweight was higher in girls than in boys. Underweight showed a fluctuating pattern across all grades over time for boys and girls, and overall prevalence in 2005–2006 represents over 200 children across the city.ConclusionsUnderweight may have reduced slightly from baseline, but remains a substantial problem in Liverpool, with the prevalence of overall underweight being relatively similar to the prevalence of obesity. The present study highlights the requirement for policy makers and funders to consider both ends of the body mass spectrum when fixing priorities in child health.

Prevalence of obesity using the body mass index and equivalent age- and sex-specific thresholds for percentage body fat mass

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e93
Author(s):  
Julie A. Pasco ◽  
Haslinda Gould ◽  
Kara L. Holloway ◽  
Amelia G. Dobbins ◽  
Mark A. Kotowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Equivalent Age ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Age And Sex

Using Information Communication Technology to Decentralize City Marketing

2011 ◽  
pp. 357-378
Author(s):  
Bantu L. Morolong
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Information Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
City Marketing ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The World ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

This chapter introduces the reader to the idea of city marketing. This idea has developed over time, globally, as cities continue to grow rapidly. The chapter assesses how city marketing as a concept and a practice has generally developed with particular reference to Botswana, Southern Africa. Using evidence from documented material this chapter critically reviews city marketing as perceived and applied by planners and policy makers. The chapter looks at how Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) can be used to market cities such as Gaborone, the capital city of Botswana. Literature and experiences from other parts of the world are used to underscore city growth as a serious development issue. City dwellers are identified as key stakeholders in city marketing because they have a more permanent association with the city in contrast to those who come into the city to visit or for business, tourism, and other purposes.

scholarly journals Excess Body Mass and Leisure Time Physical Activity in the Incidence and Persistence of Chronic Pain

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3094-3101
Author(s):  
Rahman Shiri ◽  
Tea Lallukka ◽  
Ossi Rahkonen ◽  
Päivi Leino-Arjas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
The City

Abstract Objective To estimate the effects of excess body mass and leisure time physical activity on the incidence and persistence of chronic pain. Design A prospective cohort study. Methods As a part of the Finnish Helsinki Health Study, we included three cohorts of employees of the City of Helsinki (18,562 observations) and defined incident chronic pain as having pain in any part of the body for more than three months at follow-up in participants without chronic pain at baseline (N = 13,029 observations). Persistent chronic pain was defined as having pain for more than three months at both baseline and follow-up (N = 5,533 observations). Results Overweight (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.31) and obesity (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.45–1.88) increased the incidence of chronic pain. Moreover, overweight (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02–1.32) and obesity (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.26–1.74) increased the risk of persistent chronic pain. Vigorous leisure time physical activity reduced the incidence of chronic pain (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.75–0.96). Physical activity did not influence the risk of persistent chronic pain. Furthermore, overweight/obesity modified the effect of leisure time physical activity on incident chronic pain. Inactive overweight or obese participants were at the highest risk of chronic pain (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.40–2.09), while the OR dropped to 1.44 (95% CI = 1.19–1.75) in moderately active overweight or obese participants and to 1.20 (95% CI = 0.97–1.47) in highly active overweight or obese participants. Conclusions Obesity not only increases the risk of developing chronic pain, but also increases the risk of persistent pain, while leisure time physical activity reduces the risk of developing chronic pain.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Obesity and the Relationship between the Body Mass Index and Body Fat: Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e29580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Pasco ◽  
Geoffrey C. Nicholson ◽  
Sharon L. Brennan ◽  
Mark A. Kotowicz
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Trends in player body mass at men’s and women’s Rugby World Cups: a plateau in body mass and differences in emerging rugby nations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000885
Author(s):  
Ross Tucker ◽  
Stuart Lancaster ◽  
Phil Davies ◽  
Gary Street ◽  
Lindsay Starling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Over Time

ObjectivesThis study assessed the mass of international rugby players in the men’s and women’s Rugby World Cups between 1991 and 2019. The objective was to quantify changes in mass of players by position, and to compare changes between men and women, and between established (Tier 1 (T1)) and emerging (Tier 2 (T2)) rugby nations.SettingRugby World Cups from 1991 to 2019 for men’s players and 2010 to 2017 for women’s players.Participants4447 elite male and 958 elite female players.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPlayer body mass, grouped as men and women, T1 and T2 nations, and by playing position, assessed over time.ResultsMen’s player mass increased significantly between 1991 and 2019 (T1 overall 9.7% increase), but this increase occurred almost entirely up to 2011. Women’s forwards mass increased by 4.8% in T1, with no changes in T2 or backs from either tier. Significant differences in mass were found between T1 and T2 forwards and backs for both men and women.ConclusionsThe body mass of men’s players has stabilised after initial increases following professionalisation. Player body mass may be approaching a plateau, beyond which no further performance advantages occur. Changes to laws and tactical approaches by coaches may have contributed to this, by changing match demands on players, necessitating endurance, agility and speed. Trends in the evolution of T2 players suggest a barrier to identifying and developing heavy athletic players, and may require intervention to ensure competitive parity.

scholarly journals Comparison of different reference tables and threshold values of body mass indices for the estimation of the prevalence of overweight, underweight, and obesity in schoolchildren

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
E G Vaĭnilovich ◽  
L I Danilova ◽  
Zh L Sretenskaia ◽  
S A Zapol'skiĭ
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
Total Group ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The City

The objective of the present work was to compare the prevalence of overweight, underweight, and obesity in 725 children and adolescents residing in the city of Minsk based on a variety of reference tables and criteria for body mass index ( BMI ). It was shown that the prevalence of overweight (including obesity) in the total group varied from 17.3% (Centre for disease Control and Prevention, CDC) to 25.6% (France) and that of obesity from 3.9% (International Obesity Task Force, IOTF) to 13.8% (France). The prevalence of underweight was estimated at 2.6% to 8.4% (WHO SD and IOFT respectively). There was an excellent agreement between the data of the BMI percentile tables constructed at Grodno, Republic of Belarus (2000) and WHO (2007). The study has demonstrated the high prevalence of overweight in Belorussian schoolchildren whatever type of reference BMI tables is used whereas the prevalence of obesity and underweight varies considerably depending on the BMI criteria employed for its estimation.

scholarly journals The Comparison of the Body Composition of Children at the Early School Age from Urban and Rural Area in Southwestern Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Chwałczyńska ◽  
Tomasz Rutkowski ◽  
Grzegorz Jędrzejewski ◽  
Dorota Wójtowicz ◽  
Krzysztof A. Sobiech
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Age ◽  
Early School ◽  
Early School Age ◽  
Segmental Body Composition ◽  
The City

The aim of the study was to compare the segmental body composition with the use of fat–fat-free (FFF) index in children at early school age, depending on sex and place of residence, with particular emphasis on urban and rural areas. The study consisted of 329 children aged 7.78 (SD = 0.88; mean age in years). The study group was divided according to the place of residence and sex. The height and body mass, Body Mass Index (BMI), segmental body composition (Tanita BC-418MA), and FFF were calculated. A more frequent occurrence of excessive body weight was observed in children from rural areas (over 20%) compared to their peers from the urban area (10%). Statistically significant lower values of FFF index as well as in the lower limbs and torso were observed in the case of the examined children from the urban area as compared with their peers from the rural areas. The body composition of children living in metropolitan and rural areas is diverse. Lower values of FFF indexes were found in children from the city than in children living in villages. There are more children in the city with signs of being underweight and of normative body mass and paradoxically more overweight ones in the village.

scholarly journals BODY HEIGHT AND LORDOTIC POSTURE IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Zoran Bogdanović ◽  
Oliver Radenković ◽  
Izet Kahrović ◽  
Benin Murić ◽  
Omer Špirtović
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Contingency Coefficient ◽  
The City ◽  
Average Body

The aim of this research is to determine the relation between body height and lordotic posture in preschool children. The survey was conducted on a sample of 149 participants (78 boys and 71 girls), aged 6 years (± 6 months), of an average body height (BH) of 121.94±10.29 cm, and the body mass 23.20±4.83kg in the city of Kragujevac (Serbia). To assess lordotic posture, the Spinal Mouse was used, and all values above 30˚ were treated as disorders in the lumbar region. In determining the size of the body, the Anthropometer by Martin is used, and the participants were divided into five groups by height. The existence and size of the correlation between the investigated areas was calculated by the use of the Pearson's chi-squared test and contingency coefficient as a measure of correlation. From the total sample, lortodic posture is present in 8.05 % of the participants, and in terms of gender the incidence of poor posture is equal. Lordotic posture is most pronounced in the group of boys and girls with the BH of 123.01-127.00 cm, followed by the group of girls with a BH of 121.51-123.00 cm. The lowest incidence of lordotic posture is determined in the groups with BH over 127.01 cm, and below 119 cm. The values of the Pearson's chi-squared test indicate a statistically significant correlation between lordotic posture and body height, with a significance 0.03.

scholarly journals Evaluation of body mass indices and arterial pressure as cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population of the city of Voronezh

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
A. V. Kryuchkova ◽  
Natal’ya Mikhailovna Seminina ◽  
Yu. V. Kondusova ◽  
I. A. Poletaeva ◽  
A. M. Knyazeva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Preceding Period ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
The City

Aim. To determine body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) of the Voronezh city adult population. Materials and methods. 1108 residents of Voronezh city at the age from 20 to 75 years were examined in 2015 including measurement of their height, body mass, arterial pressure, and BMI calculation. Medical histories were analyzed to reveal arterial hypertension in the preceding period in the following age groups: 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-75 yr and the entire study group (20-75 yr). Results. The mean BMI of the residents of Voronezh was 28.5 (23.8; 33.1) kg/m. The highest values were found between 40 and 59 years. BMI in women under 40 was lower than in men of the same age. The education level affected the prevalence of obesity in that people with secondary vocational education were more likely to be obese than those given higher education. At the age of 40, the incidence of hypertension among women was lower than among men of the same age, it more frequently occurred at the age of 60-75 years. Both age and BMI were related to the level of blood pressure: higher BMI and blood pressure were recorded at an older age. The prevalence of hypertension also increased with age. Conclusion. Obesity was detected in 29.7% of the Voronezh population recruited to the study. The prevalence of obesity among young adults (20-29 years) iproved lower than in the middle and old age groups. 30.9% of the residents suffered from AH.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Skinfold Thickness with Blood Pressure in Medical Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 463-466
Author(s):  
Salma Arini Putri ◽  
Choesnan Effendi ◽  
Asami Rietta Kumala
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

The prevalence of obesity in women in Indonesia is increasing. Obesity is characterized by excess BMI and fat mass in the body. High body fat mass is associated with metabolic diseases and blood pressure (BP). The research design was cross-sectional, involved the students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hang Tuah Surabaya in July 2019. Sampling was done using stratified random sampling with 48 female volunteers who were grouped into 16 volunteers each semester. In students of Semester II, the average BMI was 21.2±2.4 kg/m2, Skinfold Thickness (SFT) 54.6±9.9 mm, BP 109±9.6/71±8.3 mmHg. In students of Semester IV, the average BMI was 23±3.5 kg/m2, SFT 48±14.10 mm, BP 109±9.7/77±7 mmHg. In students of Semester VI, the average BMI was 24.33±4.72 kg/m2, SFT 69.87±21.54 mm, BP 122±8.9/84±11mmHg. The correlation coefficient of SFT and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) was 0.697, SFT and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) was 0.362, BMI and SBP was 0.355, while BMI and DBP 0.171. There was a correlation between SFT and SBP and DBP, BMI and SBP in female students of semester II, IV and VI. Keywords: skinfold thickness (SFT); body mass index; blood pressure

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