scholarly journals Inhibitory Activity of Illicium verum Extracts against Avian Viruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Alhajj ◽  
Mahmood A. Qasem ◽  
Saud I. Al-Mufarrej
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Absolute Methanol ◽  
Avian Reovirus ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Illicium Verum

This study aimed at screening the inhibitory activity of Illicium verum extracts against avian reovirus, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). The cytotoxic and antiviral actions of 3 extracts, absolute methanol (100MOH), 50% methanol (50MOH), and aqueous extracts (WA.), were evaluated by MTT assay. The Illicium verum extracts were added to the cultured chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) with tested viruses in three attacks, preinoculation, postinoculation, and simultaneous inoculation. The three extracts showed antiviral inhibitory activity against all tested viruses during simultaneous inoculation and preinoculation except 100MOH and 50MOH that showed no effect against IBDV, thereby suggesting that the extracts have a preventive effect on CEF against viruses. During postinoculation, the extracts exhibited inhibitory effects against NDV and avian reovirus, while no effect against IBDV recorded and only the 100MOH showed an inhibitory effect against ILTV. The initial results of this study suggest that Illicium verum may be a candidate for a natural alternative source for antiviral agents.

scholarly journals Use of degenerate oligonucleotide primed polymerase chain reaction for detection of chicken anaemia virus contamination in avian viral vaccines

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-309
Author(s):  
M. Jamshidian-Mojaver ◽  
S-E. Tabatabaeizadeh ◽  
M. Naeemipour ◽  
H. R. Farzin ◽  
M. R. Bassami
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Chicken Anaemia Virus ◽  
Degenerate Oligonucleotide ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Viral Vaccines ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus

For quality control of biologicals of veterinary use, the absence of extraneous agents needs to be certified. One of the requirements for quality control of avian viral vaccines is to demonstrate freedom from extraneous and adventitious pathogenic agents, like chicken anaemia virus (CAV). In this study, a degenerate oligonucleotide primed PCR (DOP-PCR) for the detection of CAV was developed. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were selected based on sequences corresponding to conserved regions of VP1 gene. After spiking of CAV genomic DNA to an infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) vaccine, detection limit for the test was 3.056×10-9 ng/µl. To evaluate the performance of the test, 11 avian viral vaccines including infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and ILTV vaccines from 5 manufacturers were screened for CAV and no contamination was detected. The test described here may provide a rapid, sensitive and specific method for contamination detection of avian viral vaccines with CAV, and may be applied for quality control of live and killed commercial vaccines.

Performance of 3 successive generations of specified-pathogen-free chickens maintained as a closed flock

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Furuta ◽  
Hitoshi Ohashi ◽  
Jitsuo Obana ◽  
Shizuo Sato
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Avian Adenovirus ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Salmonella Pullorum ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Successive Generations

No antibodies against Salmonella pullorum, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Haemophilus gallinarum, fowl pox virus, Marek's disease virus, herpes virus of turkey, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, avian adenovirus, avian reovirus, infectious bursal disease virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, avian leukosis virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus and Newcastle disease virus were detectable in the sera obtained from these chickens in 3 generations at various ages. Antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus were detected in the sera of the 3rd generations at 66, 74 and 108 weeks of age. The performance of these chickens was nearly the same as that of conventional healthy chickens in the poultry industry, with no tendency to decline.

scholarly journals Development of a Viral-Like Particle Candidate Vaccine Against Novel Variant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Yulong Wang ◽  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Linjin Fan ◽  
Li Gao ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Candidate Vaccine ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Novel Variant

Infectious bursal disease (IBD), an immunosuppressive disease of young chickens, is caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV), a virus that can evade immune protection against very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV), is becoming a threat to the poultry industry. Therefore, nVarIBDV-specific vaccine is much needed for nVarIBDV control. In this study, the VP2 protein of SHG19 (a representative strain of nVarIBDV) was successfully expressed using an Escherichia coli expression system and further purified via ammonium sulfate precipitation and size-exclusion chromatography. The purified protein SHG19-VP2-466 could self-assemble into 25-nm virus-like particle (VLP). Subsequently, the immunogenicity and protective effect of the SHG19-VLP vaccine were evaluated using animal experiments, which indicated that the SHG19-VLP vaccine elicited neutralization antibodies and provided 100% protection against the nVarIBDV. Furthermore, the protective efficacy of the SHG19-VLP vaccine against the vvIBDV was evaluated. Although the SHG19-VLP vaccine induced a comparatively lower vvIBDV-specific neutralization antibody titer, it provided good protection against the lethal vvIBDV. In summary, the SHG19-VLP candidate vaccine could provide complete immune protection against the homologous nVarIBDV as well as the heterologous vvIBDV. This study is of significance to the comprehensive prevention and control of the recent atypical IBD epidemic.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Secondary Metabolites from the Lichen Stereocaulon evolutum on Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Waltenberger ◽  
Françoise Lohézic-Le Dévéhat ◽  
Thi Huyen Vu ◽  
Olivier Delalande ◽  
Claudia Lalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B ◽  
Protein Tyrosine ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
A Cell

AbstractProtein tyrosine phosphatase 1B plays a significant role in type 2 diabetes mellitus and other diseases and is therefore considered a new drug target. Within this study, an acetone extract from the lichen Stereocaulon evolutum was identified to possess strong protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition in a cell-free assay (IC50 of 11.8 µg/mL). Fractionation of this bioactive extract led to the isolation of seven known molecules belonging to the depsidones and the related diphenylethers and one new natural product, i.e., 3-butyl-3,7-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-1(3H)-isobenzofurane. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. Two depsidones, lobaric acid and norlobaric acid, and the diphenylether anhydrosakisacaulon A potently inhibited protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with IC50 values of 12.9, 15.1, and 16.1 µM, respectively, which is in the range of the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity of the positive control ursolic acid (IC50 of 14.4 µM). Molecular simulations performed on the eight compounds showed that i) a contact between the molecule and the four main regions of the protein is required for inhibitory activity, ii) the relative rigidity of the depsidones lobaric acid and norlobaric acid and the reactivity related to hydrogen bond donors or acceptors, which interact with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B key amino acids, are involved in the bioactivity on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, iii) the cycle opening observed for diphenylethers decreased the inhibition, except for anhydrosakisacaulon A where its double bond on C-8 offsets this loss of activity, iv) the function present at C-8 is a determinant for the inhibitory effect on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, and v) the more hydrogen bonds with Arg221 there are, the more anchorage is favored.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9-based generation of a recombinant double-reporter pseudorabies virus and its characterization in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Fei Fu ◽  
Xuan Cheng ◽  
Bing-Qian Su ◽  
Li-Fang Duan ◽  
Cong-Rong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Firefly Luciferase ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Swine Herds

AbstractPseudorabies, caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV) variants, has broken out among commercial PRV vaccine-immunized swine herds and resulted in major economic losses to the pig industry in China since late 2011. However, the mechanism of virulence enhancement of variant PRV is currently unclear. Here, a recombinant PRV (rPRV HN1201-EGFP-Luc) with stable expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and firefly luciferase as a double reporter virus was constructed on the basis of the PRV variant HN1201 through CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology coupled with two sgRNAs. The biological characteristics of the recombinant virus and its lethality to mice were similar to those of the parental strain and displayed a stable viral titre and luciferase activity through 20 passages. Moreover, bioluminescence signals were detected in mice at 12 h after rPRV HN1201-EGFP-Luc infection. Using the double reporter PRV, we also found that 25-hydroxycholesterol had a significant inhibitory effect on PRV both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggested that the double reporter PRV based on PRV variant HN1201 should be an excellent tool for basic virology studies and evaluating antiviral agents.

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