scholarly journals The Role of Adverse Childhood Experience on Depression Symptom, Prevalence, and Severity among School Going Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekonnen Tsehay ◽  
Mogesie Necho ◽  
Werkua Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Increased Risk

Background and Objectives. Adverse childhood experiences include stressful and potentially traumatic events associated with a higher risk of long-term behavioral problems and chronic illnesses. In this study, we had estimated the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and association with depression symptoms prevalence and severity as a function of ACE counts. Methods. A cross-sectional school-based study was employed. Five hundred forty-six secondary school students were selected using multistage sampling technique from 5 selected secondary schools. We obtained retrospective information on adverse childhood experiences of adolescents by ACEs, self-reported 10-item questionnaire, and current depression prevalence and severity by PHQ-9. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate child depression severity by retrospective ACE count. Results. Among the 546 adolescents who participated in this study, 285 (50.7%) of the participants answered yes to at least one or more questions among the total 10 questions of ACEs. Experiences of ACEs increased the risk for depressive symptoms, with unstandardized β = 1.123 (β = 1.123, 95% CI (0.872, 1.373). We found a strong, dose–response relationship between the ACE score and the probability of lifetime and recent depressive disorders (p<0.0001). Conclusions. The number of ACEs has a graded relationship to both the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms. These results suggest that exposure to ACEs is associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms up to decades after their occurrence. Early recognition of childhood abuse and appropriate intervention may thus play an important role in the prevention of depressive disorders throughout the life span.

Associations of Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences with Behavioral Problems in Preschool Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110500
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Gangzhu Yin ◽  
Feng Guo ◽  
Haili Hu ◽  
Zhicheng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Preschool Period ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Increased Risk

Investigations have found maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) cause an intergenerational danger to their children’s health. However, no study has investigated the effects of maternal ACEs on behavioral problems of preschool children in China and gender differences on these effects. This paper aims to investigate the role of maternal ACEs on behavioral problems of preschool children in China and explore gender differences as related to these behavioral problems. Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 7318 preschool children from 12 districts in Hefei city, China. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on maternal exposure to ACEs and Conners’ Parent Rating Scales. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between maternal ACEs and children’s behavioral problems. The prevalence of behavioral problems in preschool children was 16.0%, while it was higher among girls (18.4%) than boys (13.92%) (χ2 = 27.979, p < 0.001). The rate of behavioral problems in children in the group of mothers with ACEs was higher than those without ACEs (all p < 0.05). Maternal ACEs were associated with increased risk of the behavior problems in preschool children (adjusted OR 2.91, 95% CI 2.45–3.45), and no gender difference (in girls 3.01, 2.38–3.81, in boys 2.79, 2.17–3.58, respectively) was found. Maternal ACEs were associated with increased risk of each type of the behavioral problems of preschool children, except that maternal emotional neglect was not associated with psycho-physical problems, impulse-activities, and anxiety. The only gender differences found were higher conduct problems related to maternal emotional abuse and ACEs and higher anxiety related to maternal physical abuse and community violence in girls compared with boys. Mothers exposured to ACEs are more likely to have children with behavioral health problems in preschool period. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms by which maternal ACEs influence children’s behavioral problems.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATIONS OF ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES WITH DSM-5 DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS AND SUICIDE ATTEMPT IN OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S571-S572
Author(s):  
Taeho Greg Rhee ◽  
Lisa C Barry ◽  
George A Kuchel ◽  
David C Steffens ◽  
Samuel Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may have long-term effects on mental health. Using a life-course perspective, this study examines prevalence of ACEs and the associations of ACEs with depressive disorders and suicide attempt in US older adults. The study sample were those aged 65 and older who participated in the 2012-2013 National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave III (n=5,806 unweighted). ACEs, the key independent variable, were assessed using validated measures and outcome variables included lifetime and past-year major depressive disorder (MDD) and dysthymia using DSM-5 criteria, and lifetime suicide attempt. We estimated national prevalence of ACEs in older adults and used multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses to assess the association between ACEs and the outcomes after adjusting for socio-demographics and clinical co-morbidities. Overall, 34.7% of older adults, representative of 14.3 million older adults nationwide, reported some form of ACEs. The most common type was parental psychopathology (20.8%), followed by neglect (14.8%), and physical/psychological abuse (8.4%) (non-mutually exclusive). Having experienced any ACEs was associated with higher odds of having a past-year MDD diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.77; 95% confidence intervals [CI]=1.36, 2.29). Similar results were found for other depressive disorders. ACEs were also associated with higher odds of having a lifetime suicide attempt (aOR=4.34; 95% CI=2.64, 7.14). In conclusion, ACEs may expose older adults to an increased risk for mood disorders and suicide attempts, even over long periods of time as seen in this sample. Reducing ACEs is an important public health goal that may yield long-term benefits.

Maternal adverse childhood experiences and postpartum depressive symptoms in young, low-income women

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 113679
Author(s):  
Sunny H. Shin ◽  
Gabriela Ksinan Jiskrova ◽  
Tiffany Kimbrough ◽  
Karen Tabb Dina ◽  
Elizabeth Overall Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Postpartum Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Low Income Women

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences, daytime salivary cortisol, and depressive symptoms in early adulthood: a longitudinal genetically informed twin study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Iob ◽  
Jessie R. Baldwin ◽  
Robert Plomin ◽  
Andrew Steptoe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Cortisol Levels

AbstractDysregulated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)-axis function might underlie the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depression. However, limited research has examined the possible mediating role of the HPA-axis among young people using longitudinal data. Moreover, it remains unclear whether genetic influences could contribute to these associations. Participants were 290 children from the Twins Early Development Study. ACEs were assessed from age 3–11 years. We calculated a cumulative risk score and also derived different ACEs clusters using factor analysis and latent class analysis. HPA-axis activity was indexed by daytime salivary cortisol at age 11. Depressive symptoms were ascertained at age 21. Genetic liability to altered cortisol levels and elevated depressive symptoms was measured using a twin-based method. We performed causal mediation analysis with mixed-effects regression models. The results showed that ACEs cumulative exposure (b = −0.20, p = 0.03), bullying (b = −0.61, p = 0.01), and emotional abuse (b = −0.84, p = 0.02) were associated with lower cortisol levels at age 11. Among participants exposed to multiple ACEs, lower cortisol was related to higher depressive symptoms at age 21 (b = −0.56, p = 0.05). Lower cortisol levels mediated around 10–20% of the total associations of ACEs cumulative exposure, bullying, and dysfunctional parenting/emotional abuse with higher depressive symptoms. Genetic factors contributed to these associations, but the mediation effects of cortisol in the associations of ACEs cumulative exposure (b = 0.16 [0.02–0.34]) and bullying (b = 0.18 [0.01–0.43]) remained when genetic confounding was accounted for. In conclusion, ACEs were linked to elevated depressive symptoms in early adulthood partly through lower cortisol levels in early adolescence, and these relationships were independent of genetic confounding.

scholarly journals Adverse Childhood Experiences on Reproductive Plans and Adolescent Pregnancy in the Gulf Resilience on Women’s Health Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Megan Flaviano ◽  
Emily W. Harville
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Increased Risk

We investigated if adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and ACE sub-types were associated with increased odds of planning to have children and adolescent pregnancy. The Gulf Resilience on Women’s Health (GROWH) is a diverse cohort of reproductive-age women living in southeastern Louisiana during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. In our sample of 1482 women, we used multinomial logistic regression to model odds ratios of wanting future children and assessed effect measure modification by educational attainment. We also estimated odds ratios of adolescent pregnancy with binomial logistic regression. Exposure to ACEs increased odds of wanting future children across all ACE sub-types. Among women with lower educational attainment, three or more ACEs (overall, childhood, and adolescence) had over two times the odds of wanting future children. History of ACE and the various sub-types, except for emotional abuse, were associated with increased risk of adolescent pregnancy. ACEs may be linked to adolescent pregnancy and reproductive plans, and variations by educational status highlighted social discrepancies and importance of social context in evaluation and intervention.

scholarly journals Associations of adverse childhood experiences and social support with self-injurious behaviour and suicidality in adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhui Wan ◽  
Ruoling Chen ◽  
Shuangshuang Ma ◽  
Danielle McFeeters ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Individual

BackgroundThere is little investigation on the interaction effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and social support on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in community adolescent populations, or gender differences in these effects.AimsTo examine the individual and interaction effects of ACEs and social support on NSSI, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in adolescents, and explore gender differences.MethodA school-based health survey was conducted in three provinces in China between 2013–2014. A total of 14 820 students aged 10–20 years completed standard questionnaires, to record details of ACEs, social support, NSSI, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.ResultsOf included participants, 89.4% reported one or more category of ACEs. The 12-month prevalence of NSSI, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt was 26.1%, 17.5% and 4.4%, respectively; all were significantly associated with increased ACEs and lower social support. The multiple adjusted odds ratio of NSSI in low versus high social support was 2.27 (95% CI 1.85–2.67) for girls and 1.81 (95% CI 1.53–2.14) for boys, and their ratio (Ratio of two odds ratios, ROR) was 1.25 (P = 0.037). Girls with high ACEs scores (5–6) and moderate or low social support also had a higher risk of suicide attempt than boys (RORs: 2.34, 1.84 and 2.02, respectively; all P < 0.05).ConclusionsACEs and low social support are associated with increased risk of NSSI and suicidality in Chinese adolescents. Strategies to improve social support, particularly among female adolescents with a high number of ACEs, should be an integral component of targeted mental health interventions.Declaration of interestNone.

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