KONSTRUKTIVISTIČKI PRISTUP UČENJU DECE PREDŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA

Constructivism, as a theory about learning and knowledge, is the subject of a large number of both theoretical and empirical researches. Views on the values of constructivism range from advocacy to refutation. What is characteristic of modern educational policy is the focus on productivity, activity and knowledge that will be applicable in real life circumstances. The basic idea of constructivism is based on these assumptions. In this paper, we deal with the question of why this approach is extremely important in early childhood. The preschool period is one of the most sensitive periods in development. It is characterized by numerous regularities and specifics, which should be followed within every program intended for the upbringing and education of children in the preschool period. Preschool children are characterized by curiosity, desire to learn, activity but also short-term maintenance of intentional attention, rapid fatigue and loss of interest in things that are familiar to them. Therefore, the constructivist approach in this period is very suitable, because it does not insist on imposing certain knowledge, but suggests an activity based on interests. The modern preschool institution has the task of providing children with a favorable social and material environment that will encourage development through activity and gaining experience and thus support the realization of their potential. Keywords: constructivism, preschool education, active learning.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTISTIC AND ACTIVITY CRITERION OF FORMATION OF CREATIVITY OF A CHILD OF PRESCHOOL AGE BY MEANS OF A MODERN ARTISTPLAYER

The article analyzes the contemporaneity and relevance of the point of creation of preschool children. In the framework of scientific and pedagogical research, creativity considers as a qualitative change in human ability that corresponds to the psychophysical and psycho-emotional processes of the preschool period of personality formation. With the help of the conducted experimental work based on children’s preschool institutions of Poltava region, the art-activity criterion of creativity of children of 5-7 years with the involvement of modern art-game material has been revealed. Particular attention has been paid to modern scientific research, which is devoted to the matter of children’s creativity, which is developing in creative activities. As a result of experimental work, we identified indicators of artistic and creative criteria of creativity of preschool children, namely the indicator of artistic and game literacy, the indicator of artistic and playful actions, and the indicator of improvisation and creative activity.Special attention should be paid to identifying the levels of indicators of artistic and creative criteria of creativity of preschool children with the involvement of contemporary art and game material in the experiment - high, medium, and low levels of creativity, their features, and quality examples. Our article contains a diagnosis of the problems faced by preschool children when playing, as a leading activity or when getting acquainted with the developmental potential of modern art and game material from the standpoint of an artistic and creative criterion of creativity. Prospects for further development in the direction of forming the creativity of preschool children using modern art and game material are aimed at preparing a curriculum in this thematic area.

Hubungan Penggunaan Gadget Terhadap Perkembangan Sosial Emosional Anak Prasekolah 3-6 Tahun : Literature Review

Gadget is one of technologies that develops rapidly nowadays. Excessive use of gadgets may result negatively in sosial and emotional development of children, especially during preschool period since children’s personalities begin to form within this period of time.The study animed to determine the relationship between the use of gadget on the social emotional development of preschool children aged 3-6 years old. This study was a literature review of several articles selected from Microsoft Academic and Google Schoolar databases based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and some keywords namely “gadget”,”social emotional”, and “preschool” in the period of 2016-2021. The quality of the articles was assessed by using STROBE cross-sectional study. The results of the literature review showed that 344 (60.88%) respondents belonged to ‘high’ category of gadget usage. Meanwhile, there were 217 (59.9%) respondents categorized as ‘poor’ on their social emotional development. After the data was analyzed, the value of p = 0.005. it means that p between gadget and the social-emotional development of preschool children. There was a relationship between gadget usage and the social and emotional development of preschool children. The social-emotional development of preschool children was categorized as good, moderate and poor, however, more than half of them were in the poor category. This research can be used as a basis for developing nursing ib the future, especially in the field of pediatric area.Keywords: gadget, social emotional, preschool AbstrakGadget merupakan salah satu teknologi yang berkembang pesat pada saat ini, penggunaan gadget yang berlebih membawa dampak buruk bagi perkembangan sosial dan emosional anak terutama anak prasekolah karena dimasa ini keperibadian anak mulai terbentuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan penggunaangadget terhadap perkembangan sosial emosional anak prasekolah 3-6 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Literature review dengan pencarian artikel menggunakan database Microsoft Aademic dan Google Schoolar untuk menemukan artikel yang sesuai keriteria inklusi dan ekslusi dengan memasukan kata kunci : “gadget, Sosial Emosional, Prasekolah” dalam periode (2016-2021). Instrument untuk menilai kualitas artikel menggunakan STROBE cross-sectional study. Hasil literature review menunjukan Sebagian besar penggunaan gadget dengan kategori tinggi sebanyak 344 (60,88%) responden dan perkembangan sosial emosional anak dengan kategori buruk sebanyak 217 (59,9%) responden. Setelah data dianalisa didapatkan nilai p=0,005 yang artinya p<0,05 maka Ho ditolak yang artinya ada hubungan gadget terhadap perkembangan social emosional anak prasekolah. Ada hubungan gadget terhadap perkembangan social emosional anak prasekolah. Perkembangan sosial emosional anak prasekolah memiliki kategori baik, sedang dan buruk lebih dari separo perkembangan pada kategori buruk. Penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pengembangan keperawatan dimasa depan, terutama dibidang keperawatan anak. Kata kunci : Gadget, Sosial Emosional, PraSekolah.

ANALYSIS OF POSTGRADUATE THESES PREPARED FOR THE PRESCHOOL PERIOD ON “ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION” CONDUCTED BETWEEN 2011 AND 2020 IN TURKEY: A CONTENT ANALYSIS

This study was conducted to analyze postgraduate theses in the field of environmental education in preschool education in Turkey between 2011 and 2020 in terms of their distribution, levels (doctorate, master’s), sample groups, and data collection tools. To establish the theses written in the field, the Higher Education Council National Thesis Centre database was reviewed on April 16th, 2020. Care was taken to determine postgraduate theses according to the criteria of having been conducted on environmental education with preschool children, preschool teachers/prospective preschool teachers and families, having been conducted on the subject area of education and training, having been registered to YÖK National Thesis Centre with permission for access. In line with these criteria, a total of 12 postgraduate theses were included in the study. The data were accessed using the document analysis technique. Detailed information about the postgraduate theses was collected using a “Postgraduate Thesis Examination Form.” Postgraduate theses included in the study were examined under the headings of thesis year, thesis type, objective, study group, methods, and designs, and data collection tools and frequency (f) were used in the analysis of data. When the distribution of postgraduate theses studies was conducted in terms of thesis type, it was found that the number of masters’ theses (n=8) was much higher than the number of doctoral theses (n=4), there was a large increase in the number of theses in 2015, the theses were mostly doctoral (n=3), and children mostly featured in the postgraduate thesis studies conducted within the specified dates..

Applying new RDoC dimensions to the development of emotion regulation: Examining the influence of maternal emotion regulation on within-individual change in child emotion regulation

While the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) acknowledges that environmental and developmental influences represent important elements of the RDoC framework, there is little specificity regarding how and when to systematically examine the impact of these dimensions on domains of function. The primary aims of this paper are to demonstrate the ways in which the RDoC can be expanded to include an explicit emphasis on (a) assessing within-individual change in developmental processes over time and (b) evaluating the extent to which selective and measurable environmental influences drive meaningful change during key developmental periods. We provide data from an ongoing randomized control trial as a proof of concept to highlight how repeated assessments within an experimental intervention design affords the unique opportunity to test the impact of environmental influences on within-individual change. Using preliminary data from 77 mother–child dyads repeatedly assessed across 12 months during the sensitive preschool period, we demonstrate the impact of change in maternal emotion regulation (ER) on within-individual growth in child ER and link that growth to fewer teacher-reported externalizing problems. In line with this Special Issue, findings are discussed within the context of expanding and clarifying the existing RDoC framework to explicitly incorporate environmental and developmental dimensions.

THE SCALE OF DETERMINING THE PROBLEM BEHAVIORS OF CHILDREN IN PRESCHOOL PERIOD: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY

This study was aimed to develop a scale to determine the problem behaviors of 3-6 aged preschool children. A systematic process was carried out during the development of the scale. A total of 305 preschool teachers filled in the scale development study. Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), it was identified that the scale consists of 30 items and three factors, explaining 52.13% of the total variance. These factorsare named academic skills problems, peer relationship problems, and developmental-behavioral problems in accordance with the literature. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine whether the collected data confirmed the determining factor structure. The whole scale’s Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was found as .94. Cronbach alpha coefficients were .91 for “academic skills problems”, .89 for “peer relationships problems”, and .83 for “developmental behavior problems”. As a result of the analysis, the scale is valid and reliable to determine the problem behaviors of preschool children.

EARLY CHILDHOOD AND PRESCHOOL EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF CHILDREN’S CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENT

The report draws attention to the early childhood and preschool period in the context of continuous development and personality self-realisation; this period is crucial for the holistic development of a human. The significant achievements of the national preschool education system are presented. The notable achievements of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine researchers on the scientific and methodological support for the development of preschool education based on human-centeredness and humane pedagogy given the latest educational approaches are enlightened. The productive cooperation with the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the Subcommittee on Early Development and Preschool Education of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Education, Science and Innovations are characterised. The priority issues of early childhood and preschool education are emphasised, and the ways to solve them, among which the establishment of the Institute for Early Childhood Development and Preschool Education of NAES of Ukraine, are outlined. The essential tasks facing the NAES of Ukraine researchers under the global challenges and digital transformations of all spheres of society are defined.

Identifying talent and improving ways of working with gifted children in kindergarten

We believe that the preschool period is key to encouraging the development of all existing potentials in children, and proper detection and multiple stimulation can develop more intensively and express the child’s talent best in the preschool development period. The crucial role in this is played by the family, but also by the educational institutions in which children spend a large part of their time. Therefore, the role of the pedagogue as a professional associate in the educational institution for the proper detection of gifted children, and the design, guidance and interpretation of ways and effects of working with them is very important.The topic of this professional paper is the recognition of giftedness in kindergarten, a look at pedagogical practice and ways of working with potentially gifted children in some preschool institutions in the Sarajevo Canton. The paper briefly presents the theoretical framework, necessary for understanding the topic and the concept of giftedness, as well as other related concepts and definitions. In order to determine how to identify gifted children in one of the kindergartens in the Sarajevo Canton, a potentially gifted four-year-old V.Z. was identified and monitored. from Sarajevo through a case study.

Shameful approaches as a disturbing factor in preschool socialization

The preschool period is an important part of the optimal development of the human being. The preschooler who interacts with other children and adults, who is involved in age-specific play activities, have the opportunity to develop their social part in a harmonious way. As long as preschoolers are induced by other children, or adults, feelings of shame, fear, psychologists and neuroscientists say that the feeling of shame lowers their self-confidence, produces negative beliefs about themselves, reduces creativity and increases the response to stress, consequences that no loving adult wants when trying to correct the child’s behavior.In the social development of preschoolers,the first form of adaptation occurs at the family level, the second at the level of the playgroup and the kindergarten, and the third at the types of activities they carry out.