scholarly journals On-Chip Embedded Debugging System Based on Leach Algorithm Parameter on Detection of Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Wenguang Song ◽  
Haiyu Chen ◽  
Qiujuan Zhang ◽  
Bingxin Zhang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Random Number ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Adaptive Clustering ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
On Chip

Leach (low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) algorithm is a self-clustering topology algorithm. Its execution process is cyclical. Each cycle is divided into two phases: cluster building phase and stable data communication phase. In the stage of cluster building, the adjacent nodes cluster dynamically and randomly generate cluster heads. In the data communication phase, the nodes in the cluster send the data to the cluster head, and the cluster head performs data fusion and sends the results to the aggregation node. Because the cluster head needs to complete data fusion, communication with the convergence node and other works, the energy consumption is large. Leach algorithm can ensure that each node acts as cluster head with equal probability, so that the nodes in the network consume energy relatively evenly. The basic idea of Leach algorithm is to randomly select cluster head nodes in a circular way. It evenly distributes the energy load of the whole network to each sensor node in the network. It can reduce network energy consumption and improve network life cycle. Leach repeatedly performs cluster refactoring during its operation. This paper studies the parameter detection of wireless sensor network based on Leach algorithm on the on-chip embedded debugging system. Because the classical low-power adaptive clustering layered protocol (Leach) has the problem of energy imbalance and short node life cycle, this paper uses embedded debugging technology based on Leach algorithm and the residual energy and position of nodes in wireless sensor networks were tested for research. This Leach algorithm uses the concept of wheel. Each round consists of two phases: initialization and stabilization. In the initialization stage, each node generates a random number between 0 and 1. If the random number generated by a node is less than the set threshold T (n), the node publishes a message that it is a cluster head. Through the research on the parameter detection, the simulation results show that the research in this paper has good feasibility and rationality.

Improvement of Clustering Algorithm for WSNs

2014 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
pp. 745-750
Author(s):  
Qi Gong Chen ◽  
Yong Zhi Wang ◽  
Li Sheng Wei ◽  
Wen Gen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Adaptive Clustering

Energy consumption is a hot issue in WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks). In this paper, we present an improved clustering algorithm. By changing the order of traditional WSNs clustering algorithm, this algorithm uses k-means clustering firstly base on optimal number of cluster head is determined; Then selects cluster head by an improved LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) algorithm; Finally, Our experimental results demonstrate that this approach can reduces energy consumption and increases the lifetime of the WSNs.

A Novel Cluster Head Selection Algorithm Based on Energy Consumption for LEACH

2012 ◽  
Vol 198-199 ◽  
pp. 1389-1394
Author(s):  
Wen Hao Li ◽  
Shao Chuan Wu ◽  
Liang Ye ◽  
Shuo Shi
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Selection Algorithm ◽  
Adaptive Clustering ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Periodic Rotation

Wireless sensor networks are widely deployed in various areas of our daily life. The lifetime of wireless sensor networks takes significant effect in the performance of the whole network. Many network protocols are proposed to improve the lifetime of networks, and among them, low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is a promising protocol with self-organization of the clusters and periodic rotation of cluster heads selection to distribute energy consumption uniformly. LEACH performs well compared with other protocols on lifetime while it is simplified and has aspects to improve. In this paper, we modified the procedure of cluster heads selection in LEACH and proposed a protocol LEACH-CHE with consideration on the energy consumption of cluster heads. We analyzed LEACH-CHE and with the results of simulations, LEACH-CHE over performs on network lifetime compared with the original LEACH.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption Based Low Energy Aware Gateway (LEAG) Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5S3) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Aware

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of a large amount of nodes connected in a self-directed manner. The most important problems in WSN are Energy, Routing, Security, etc., price of the sensor nodes and renovation of these networks is reasonable. The sensor node tools included a radio transceiver with an antenna and an energy source, usually a battery. WSN compute the environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, pollution levels, etc., WSN built the network with the help of nodes. A sensor community consists of many detection stations known as sensor nodes, every of which is small, light-weight and portable. Nodes are linked separately. Each node is linked into the sensors. In recent years WSN has grow to be an essential function in real world. The data’s are sent from end to end multiple nodes and gateways, the data’s are connected to other networks such as wireless Ethernet. MGEAR is the existing mechanism. It works with the routing and energy consumption. The principal problem of this work is choosing cluster head, and the selection is based on base station, so the manner is consumes energy. In this paper, develop the novel based hybrid protocol Low Energy Aware Gateway (LEAG). We used Zigbee techniques to reduce energy consumption and routing. Gateway is used to minimize the energy consumption and data is send to the base station. Nodes are used to transmit the data into the cluster head, it transmit the data into gateway and gateway compress and aggregate the data then sent to the base station. Simulation result shows our proposed mechanism consumes less energy, increased throughput, packet delivery ration and secure routing when compared to existing mechanism (MGEAR).

Energy-efficient routing sensing technology of wireless sensor networks based on Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-235
Author(s):  
Xiaotao Ju
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Duty Ratio ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

This research was conducted to enhance the energy performance of wireless sensor networks (WSN) and improve the performance of end-to-end delay and packet receiving rate of network operation. In this study, the low-energy data collection routing algorithm and adaptive environment sensing method in WSN were mainly examined. The node centrality, energy surplus, and node temperature were calculated for cluster head selection to reduce the energy consumption of nodes and improve the reliability of network data. The research results have shown that the parameter setting guided by the theoretical analysis makes each node selfishly achieve the maximum expected benefit while the whole network runs reliably, and the energy consumption is reduced by the selfishness of the node. As a result, the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the network energy consumption and increase the network life cycle of wireless sensor networks. It can be seen that the machine learning methods such as support vector machine are used to model and analyze the state of the sensing node, and to obtain more accurate wireless channel availability judgment based on the historical state data, thereby adaptively adjusting the working duty ratio and reducing the invalidity data sent.

Efficient Energy Conservation and Faulty Node Detection on Machine Learning-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Amarasimha T. ◽  
V. Srinivasa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Faulty Node

Wireless sensor networks are used in machine learning for data communication and classification. Sensor nodes in network suffer from low battery power, so it is necessary to reduce energy consumption. One way of decreasing energy utilization is reducing the information transmitted by an advanced machine learning process called support vector machine. Further, nodes in WSN malfunction upon the occurrence of malicious activities. To overcome these issues, energy conserving and faulty node detection WSN is proposed. SVM optimizes data to be transmitted via one-hop transmission. It sends only the extreme points of data instead of transmitting whole information. This will reduce transmitting energy and accumulate excess energy for future purpose. Moreover, malfunction nodes are identified to overcome difficulties on data processing. Since each node transmits data to nearby nodes, the misbehaving nodes are detected based on transmission speed. The experimental results show that proposed algorithm provides better results in terms of reduced energy consumption and faulty node detection.

scholarly journals A PSO-Based Uneven Dynamic Clustering Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruan ◽  
Huang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Dynamic Clustering ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Since wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are powered by energy-constrained batteries, many energy-efficient routing protocols have been proposed to extend the network lifetime. However, most of the protocols do not well balance the energy consumption of the WSNs. The hotspot problem caused by unbalanced energy consumption in the WSNs reduces the network lifetime. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)-based uneven dynamic clustering multi-hop routing protocol (PUDCRP). In the PUDCRP protocol, the distribution of the clusters will change dynamically when some nodes fail. The PSO algorithm is used to determine the area where the candidate CH (cluster head) nodes are located. The adaptive clustering method based on node distribution makes the cluster distribution more reasonable, which balances the energy consumption of the network more effectively. In order to improve the energy efficiency of multi-hop transmission between the BS (Base Station) and CH nodes, we also propose a connecting line aided route construction method to determine the most appropriate next hop. Compared with UCCGRA, multi-hop EEBCDA, EEMRP, CAMP, PSO-ECHS and PSO-SD, PUDCRP prolongs the network lifetime by between 7.36% and 74.21%. The protocol significantly balances the energy consumption of the network and has better scalability for various sizes of network.

A STATIC-LEACH WSNs for Hazardous Materials Monitoring

2012 ◽  
Vol 463-464 ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
Fei Hui ◽  
Xiao Le Wang ◽  
Xin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Hazardous Materials Transportation ◽  
Adaptive Clustering

In this paper, hazardous materials transportation monitoring system is designed, implemented, and tested using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). According to energy consumption and response time during clustering of Wireless Sensor Networks LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) routing protocol, we proposed STATIC-LEACH routing protocol based on static clustering, it can effectively reduce energy consumption of the wireless sensor nodes and reduce network latency of cluster. With WSN and GSM/GPRS, low cost and easy deployment remote monitoring is possible without interfering with the operation of the transportation.

scholarly journals Energy Balance Routing Algorithm Based on Virtual MIMO Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianpo Li ◽  
Xue Jiang ◽  
I-Tai Lu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Virtual Mimo ◽  
Head Node

Wireless sensor networks are usually energy limited and therefore an energy-efficient routing algorithm is desired for prolonging the network lifetime. In this paper, we propose a new energy balance routing algorithm which has the following three improvements over the conventional LEACH algorithm. Firstly, we propose a new cluster head selection scheme by taking into consideration the remaining energy and the most recent energy consumption of the nodes and the entire network. In this way, the sensor nodes with smaller remaining energy or larger energy consumption will be much less likely to be chosen as cluster heads. Secondly, according to the ratio of remaining energy to distance, cooperative nodes are selected to form virtual MIMO structures. It mitigates the uneven distribution of clusters and the unbalanced energy consumption of the whole network. Thirdly, we construct a comprehensive energy consumption model, which can reflect more realistically the practical energy consumption. Numerical simulations analyze the influences of cooperative node numbers and cluster head node numbers on the network lifetime. It is shown that the energy consumption of the proposed routing algorithm is lower than the conventional LEACH algorithm and for the simulation example the network lifetime is prolonged about 25%.

A Cluster Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Energy Efficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 785 ◽  
pp. 744-750
Author(s):  
Lei Gao ◽  
Qun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Head Node

In order to solve the energy limited problem of sensor nodes in the wireless sensor networks (WSN), a fast clustering algorithm based on energy efficiency for wire1ess sensor networks is presented in this paper. In the system initialization phase, the deployment region is divided into several clusters rapidly. The energy consumption ratio and degree of the node are chosen as the selection criterion for the cluster head. Re-election of the cluster head node at this time became a local trigger behavior. Because of the range of the re-election is within the cluster, which greatly reduces the complexity and computational load to re-elect the cluster head node. Theoretical analysis indicates that the timing complexity of the clustering algorithm is O(1), which shows that the algorithm overhead is small and has nothing to do with the network size n. Simulation results show that clustering algorithm based on energy efficiency can provide better load balancing of cluster heads and less protocol overhead. Clustering algorithm based on energy efficiency can reduce energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime compared with LEACH protocol.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Energy Consumption using Receiver–Centric MAC Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Ananda Kumar K S ◽  
Balakrishna R
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor

At present day’s wireless sensor networks, obtain a lot consideration to researchers. Maximum number of sensor nodes are scattered that can communicate with all others. Reliable data communication and energy consumption are the mainly significant parameters that are required in wireless sensor networks. Many of MAC protocols have been planned to improve the efficiency more by enhancing the throughput and energy consumption. The majority of the presented medium access control protocols to only make available, reliable data delivery or energy efficiency does not offer together at the same time. In this research work the author proposes a novel approach based on Receiver Centric-MAC is implemented using NS2 simulator. Here, the author focuses on the following parametric measures like - energy consumption, reliability and bandwidth. RC-MAC provides high bandwidth without decreasing energy efficiency. The results show that 0.12% of less energy consumption, reliability improved by 20.86% and bandwidth increased by 27.32% of RC-MAC compared with MAC IEEE 802.11.

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