scholarly journals Associations between Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and Behavioral Problems in Preschool Japanese Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Keiko Wada ◽  
Jun Ueyama ◽  
Kie Konishi ◽  
Yuko Goto ◽  
Sachi Koda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Total Difficulty ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties

Background. A few studies related to pediatric behavior have measured secondhand smoke exposure in children using valid objective biochemical markers. We aimed at investigating the associations between current and cumulative exposure to tobacco smoke, measured both subjectively and objectively, and behavioral problems in children. Methods. Subjects were 437 Japanese children, aged 3–6 years in 2006. Exposure to tobacco smoke was evaluated from a parent-administered questionnaire and urinary cotinine concentrations. The cotinine concentrations were measured using first-void morning urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Children’s behaviors were assessed by the parent-completed Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results. After multiple adjustments for covariates, higher total difficulty scores of children were significantly associated with the larger number of cigarettes parents smoke, more smokers among cohabiters, and more pack-years of exposure to tobacco smoke from parents and cohabiters. The total difficulty scores were 8.72, 9.09, and 10.52, respectively, for children in the low, middle, and high tertiles of creatinine-corrected cotinine concentrations in urine (p=0.002, trend p=0.005). There was no substantial sex difference in the positive associations between passive smoking and the SDQ scores. Conclusions. Exposure to tobacco smoke in early childhood may be involved in the development of pediatric behavioral problems. The importance of reducing the exposure of children to tobacco smoke, particularly in the home, was further emphasized for the prevention of psychological and behavioral problems in childhood.

Intrauterine and Postnatal Exposure to Tobacco and Secondhand Smoke and Child Cognitive and Behavioral Development

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Poole-Di Salvo
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Safe Level

Children’s involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke is a common and substantial health problem that has been receiving increasing attention from the pediatric, public health and research communities. According to the 2006 Surgeon General’s Report, there is no safe level of tobacco smoke exposure, yet at least 30% of children in the United States live in households with at least one adult smoker, and nearly 60% have evidence of recent exposure (Machlin, Hill, and Liang 2006). Tobacco smoke exposure has been causally linked to numerous adverse health outcomes and is currently a leading preventable cause of both low birth weight and sudden infant death syndrome, and a major contributor to lower respiratory infections, otitis media, and increased asthma severity (American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Environmental Health 1997; Cook and Strachan 1999; DiFranza et al. 2004). Recently, associations between tobacco smoke exposure and other childhood health problems, such as increased rates of dental caries (Aligne et al. 2003; Iida et al. 2007), food insecurity (Cutler et al. in press), and the metabolic syndrome (Weitzman et al. 2005) have been identified. As discussed in this chapter, a growing human and animal literature, which expands upon a more than 25-year-old body of work, also indicates that involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke during the pre- and/or postnatal periods is associated with adverse cognitive and behavioral outcomes in children. Tobacco smoke exposure has been associated with decrements in IQ, problems with learning and memory, difficulty with auditory processing, neonatal hyperactivity, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems, and conduct disorder. Animal models have provided evidence that tobacco is toxic to the developing brain, and there are plausible biologic pathways that appear to mediate these effects. Exciting new studies have begun to identify specific genes that play a role in the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and adverse cognitive and behavioral outcomes in children. The term “secondhand smoke” (SHS), also referred to as “environmental tobacco smoke” (ETS), refers to the smoke that is exhaled from a smoker’s lungs, as well as the smoke from the smoldering end of a cigarette.

scholarly journals Extent of In Utero Transfer of Tenofovir From Mother to Fetus: A Paired Analysis of Hair Specimens Collected at Birth From a Cohort in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Pintye ◽  
Yanling Huo ◽  
Deborah Kacanek ◽  
Kevin Zhang ◽  
Karen Kuncze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired Analysis

Abstract Understanding in utero transfer of antiretrovirals is critical for interpreting safety. Hair levels measure cumulative exposure. We measured tenofovir (TFV) concentrations in hair at delivery among women living with human immunodeficiency virus receiving TFV disoproxil fumarate-based treatment and their infants, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Among 103 mother-infant pairs, the mean log10 ratio of infant-to-maternal TFV levels was 1.08 (95% confidence interval, .97–1.20). TFV transfer was 60% lower from mothers who had preterm compared with term deliveries and 42% lower from mothers who had cesarean compared with vaginal deliveries. Like prior studies assessing transfer via short-term measures (plasma, cord blood, amniotic fluid), we found high cumulative transfer using hair.

scholarly journals Online In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines in Hair Samples

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2056
Author(s):  
Atsushi Ishizaki ◽  
Hiroyuki Kataoka
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Tobacco Specific Nitrosamines

Active and passive smoking are serious public health concerns Assessment of tobacco smoke exposure using effective biomarkers is needed. In this study, we developed a simultaneous determination method of five tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in hair by online in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). TSNAs were extracted and concentrated on Supel-Q PLOT capillary by in-tube SPME and separated and detected within 5 min by LC–MS/MS using Capcell Pak C18 MGIII column and positive ion mode multiple reaction monitoring systems. These operations were fully automated by an online program. The calibration curves of TSNAs showed good linearity in the range of 0.5–1000 pg mL–1 using their stable isotope-labeled internal standards. Moreover, the limits of detection (S/N = 3) of TSNAs were in the range of 0.02–1.14 pg mL–1, and intra-day and inter-day precisions were below 7.3% and 9.2% (n = 5), respectively. The developed method is highly sensitive and specific and can easily measure TSNA levels using 5 mg hair samples. This method was used to assess long-term exposure levels to tobacco smoke in smokers and non-smokers.

Impact of Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Problem Behaviors in Preschool and School Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Pfinder ◽  
Stefan Liebig ◽  
Reinhold Feldmann
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
German Health ◽  
Kiggs Study ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol

Data on the relation between moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and behavioral disorders are inconsistent, and this raises new questions. We examined (1) the association between moderate PAE and problem behaviors and (2) whether these associations differed by levels of socioeconomic status (SES), fetal smoke exposure, or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Data were taken from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) study. Parents evaluated children’s behaviors using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results showed a slight, but insignificant, increase of problem behaviors in children with moderate PAE. In 3- to 6-year-olds, PAE had a stronger effect on hyperactivity/inattention in combination with fetal smoke exposure (odds ratio = 2.82), than did PAE alone. Effects were not stronger in low-SES children, but they were stronger in children with ETS. We conclude that moderate PAE might have adverse effects on neurodevelopment, with stronger effects in disadvantaged populations. To confirm our preliminary findings, further research should be conducted.

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