scholarly journals Preoperative Estimation of Endodontic Working Length with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Standardized Paralleling Technique in comparison to Its Real Length

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bestoon Mohammed Faraj
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Digital Radiographs ◽  
Length Estimation ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Significant Difference

An accurate estimation of the working canal length is essential for successful root canal treatment. This study is aimed at investigating the diagnostic accuracy of root canal length estimation on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and digital paralleling radiographs (PAs), using the real canal length as a gold standard, and at evaluating the influence of canal curvature on this estimation. Sixty extracted human premolar teeth were selected for this study. Root canal length measurement was performed on CBCT scans (NewTom, Giano, Verona, Italy) and digital paralleling radiography (EzRay Air W; Vatech, Korea). The real working length was established by subtracting 0.5 mm from the actual canal length. No significant difference was found between CBCT and digital paralleling radiography. There was a tendency for underestimation of the root canal length measured on the CBCT images in 52 (86.7%) of the examined teeth and overestimation in 5 teeth (8.3%). All the digital radiographs slightly overestimated the real canal length. The analysis revealed a strong correlation between the estimation from moderate to severe curvature for digital radiography and CBCT images. Preoperative working length estimation can be made closest to its real clinical canal length on the standardized paralleling technique, using a long (16-inch) target-receptor distance.

scholarly journals Preoperative Estimation of Endodontic Working Length With Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Standardized Paralleling Technique in Comparison to Its Real Length: an in Vitro Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bestoon Mohammed Faraj
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Length Estimation ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: An accurate estimation of the working canal length is essential for successful root canal treatment. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of root canal length estimation on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and digital paralleling radiographs (PAs), using the real canal length as a gold standard, and to evaluate the influence of canal curvature on this estimation. Methods: Sixty extracted human premolar teeth selected for this study. Root canal length measurement performed on CBCT scans (NewTom, Giano, Verona, Italy) and digital paralleling radiography (EzRay Air W; Vatech, Korea). The real working length established by subtracting 0.5 mm from the actual canal length. Results: No significant difference was found between CBCT and digital paralleling radiography. There was a tendency for underestimation of the root canal length measured on the CBCT images in 52 (86.7%) of the examined teeth and overestimated it in 5 teeth (8.3%). All the digital radiographs slightly overestimated the real canal length. The analysis revealed a strong correlation between the estimation from moderate to severe curvature for digital radiography, and CBCT images. Conclusion: Preoperative working length estimation can be made closest to its real clinical canal length on the standardized paralleling technique, using a long (16-inch) target–receptor distance.

scholarly journals Root canal curvature as a prognostic factor influencing the diagnostic accuracy of radiographic working length determination and postoperative canal axis modification: An in vitro comparative study. 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bestoon Faraj
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
The Real ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Length Estimation ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Case Difficulty Assessment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Radiographic analysis of tooth morphology is mandatory for accurate calibration of the degree of canal curvature angle and radiographic working length to its real dimensions in case difficulty assessment protocols. This study aimed to determine the impact of the degree of root canal curvature angle on maintaining the real working length and the original canal axis of prepared root canals using a reciprocating rotary instrumentation technique. Methods: Radiographic image analysis were performed on 60 extracted single-rooted human premolar teeth with a moderate canal curvature (10-25o) and severe canal curvature (26-70o). Working length and longitudinal canal axis were determined using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital periapical radiography. The real working length was established by subtracting 0.5 mm from the actual canal length. Root canals were prepared using the WaveOne Gold reciprocating file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Results: There was no significant relation of the degree of canal curvature angle to the accuracy of radiographic working length estimated on CBCT and digital periapical radiographic techniques (P > 0.05). Postinstrumentation changes in the original canal axis between moderate and severe canal curvature angles, assessed on CBCT and periapical digital radiographic images were statistically non-significant (P >0.05). Conclusion:  A standardized digital periapical radiographic method performed similarly to the CBCT technique closest to its real canal length. No significant interaction exists between the diagnostic working length estimation, postoperative root canal axis modification, and the degree of canal curvature angle, using reciprocating rotary instrumentation technique.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Root Canal Configuration of Mandibular Second Molar Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in a Sample of Iraqi Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Hiwa S. Khidir ◽  
Saud J. Dizayee ◽  
Sangar H. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mandibular Second Molar

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of C-shaped canals configurations in mandibular 2nd molar and to investigate the gender prevalence. Materials and Methods: A sample of 1200 patients’ cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were screened and evaluated by a maxillofacial radiologist assessed the axial, sagittal, and coronal sections. Inclusion criteria applied to 801 patients (452 females and 349 male) aged 14–75 years were included in this study with total of 1567 mandibular 2nd molar was evaluated. Inclusion criteria: Available CBCT images of mandibular posterior teeth with at least one mandibular 2nd molar in the scan, absence of root canal treatment, absence of coronal or post coronal restorations, absence of root resorption or periapical lesions, and high-quality images. Canal configuration was classified by criteria’s which described by Fan et al. (2004): (i) Fused roots, (ii) a longitudinal groove on the buccal or lingual surface of the root, and (iii) at least one cross-section of the canal belongs to the C1, C2, or C3 configuration. Results: Considering 801 patients, 97 (12.1%) patients females 57 (7.1%) and 40 (5%) males had a C-shaped canal with no statistical difference between females and males (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The occurrence of C- shaped canal mandibular 2nd molar is approximately 12.1% and no significant difference was found by gender.

scholarly journals Root Canal Morphologies of Mesiobuccal Roots of Maxillary Molars using Cone beam Computed Tomography and Periapical Radiographic Techniques in an Iranian Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 745-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Zand ◽  
Hadi Mokhtari ◽  
Hamid RM Zonouzi ◽  
Sahand N Shojaei
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Maxillofacial Radiology ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radiographic Data

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the results of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations, confirm the presence or absence of the second mesiobuccal (MB2) root canal in maxillary first and second molars, estimate the distance between the root canal orifices, observe the root types based on Vertucci classification system, and make comparisons between CBCT and periapical techniques in relation to the identification of the root canal form and the second root canal of the MB root. Materials and methods The CBCT and periapical radiographic data from the Department of Maxillofacial Radiology were used to select 156 individuals (78 females and 78 males) for the evaluation of the anatomy of maxillary first and second molars. Results The prevalence rate of the second root canal in the MB root in the maxillary first molars was 55.1%, with 44.1 and 63.3% in females and males respectively. The prevalence rate in maxillary second molars was 23.7%, with 15.7 and 30.2% in females and males respectively. In addition, the longest and shortest distances between the root canal orifices were 2.4 and 0.3 mm respectively, with a mean of 1.3 mm. Conclusion There was a significant difference between the results of periapical and CBCT radiographic techniques in relation to the presence or absence of the second root canal in the MB roots of maxillary first and second molars (p < 0.01), with better results being provided by the CBCT technique. Clinical significance The results of CBCT images about the existence of the second root canal in the MB roots of maxillary first and second molars are more reliable, and we can use this technique in the finding of additional canals in the clinic. How to cite this article Zand V, Mokhtari H, Zonouzi HRM, Shojaei SN. Root Canal Morphologies of Mesiobuccal Roots of Maxillary Molars using Cone beam Computed Tomography and Periapical Radiographic Techniques in an Iranian Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(9):745-749.

scholarly journals Root canal morphology and variations in mandibular second molars: an in vivo cone-beam computed tomography analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gomez ◽  
Gisbeli Brea ◽  
Jose Francisco Gomez-Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Root Canal System

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical variations of the root canal system of mandibular second molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods 190 mandibular second molars cone-beam computed tomography images were reviewed. The evaluation was performed by a radiologist with endodontic experience and two endodontists trained with CBCT technology. Tooth position, number of root and root canals, C-shaped root canal system configuration, presence of extra root (radix), and radicular grooves were assessed. Data was statistically analyzed using The Chi-square test (α = 0,05) to determine any significant difference between gender and the total number of root and root canals, and any significant difference between gender and root canal anatomical variation. Results Overall, 85.5% showed two separated roots, 12.1% a single root, 2.6% three roots or radix. 87.7% showed three root canals, 12.1% two root canals, 2.6% four root canals, and 1.6% a single root canal. 10% showed a single foramen, 75.3% two foramina, 13.6% three foramina and 1% showed four foramina.19.5% showed C-shaped anatomical variation, 51.4% in male patients, 48.6% in female patients. According to Fan classification: C1 13.6% in cervical third, C2 10% in the middle third, C3 17.3% in middle third, 15.5% in apical third, and C4 12.7% in the apical third. Root canals number in these samples were 5.4% a single canal, 21.6% two canals, 70.3% three canals, and 2.7% four canals. The root showed 46% with one foramen, 46% two foramina, and 8% three foramina. Radicular grooves 83.3% were found in the lingual area and 16.2% towards the buccal area. Conclusions The most prevalent anatomic presentation of the evaluated sample was a mandibular second molars with two roots, three root canals, and two apical foramina. Their variation was C-shaped root canals and Radix Paramolaris.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Periapical Digital Radiography for Evaluation of Root Canal Preparation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6599
Author(s):  
Khoa Van Pham
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Digital Radiograph ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Before And After

The aim of the present study is to compare cone beam computed tomography and periapical digital radiography for the evaluation of root canal preparation. Nine extracted human molars were used in this study. Following access cavity preparation, mesio-buccal roots of maxillary and mesial roots of mandibular molars were prepared and the remaining roots were cut off. Three amalgam cavities were prepared on the coronal part of the teeth and were filled with amalgam to be used as landmarks. Specimens were scanned using cone-beam computed tomography and periapical digital radiograph images were obtained before and after root canal preparation. WaveOne Gold Primary was used for root canal preparation to full working length. Specimens were then scanned using CBCT and a periapical radiograph for the after-instrumentation images. The transportation and centering ratio were measured and calculated on the CBCT and periapical radiographic images. The Bland–Altman method was used for detecting the bias in the evaluation of agreement between the two methods’ measurements. There was agreement between the two methods’ measurements using CBCT scans and periapical digital radiographic images in the evaluation of transportation and centering ratio parameters. The two methods could be used interchangeably in measurements of transportation and calculating the centering ratio.

scholarly journals Impact of Contracted Endodontic Access Cavity on Shaping Ability of Hyflex Electrical Discharge Machining Single File Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: An Ex Vivo Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (D) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Ahmed Bayoumi ◽  
Magdy Mohamed Aly ◽  
Reham Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Single File ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maxillary Premolars ◽  
Canal Transportation

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effect of different access cavity designs, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), on root canal transportation, and centralization performed on two rooted maxillary premolars. METHODS: Twenty maxillary premolars were randomly divided into two groups. In Group 1, traditional endodontic cavities (TECs) were prepared. In Group 2, contracted endodontic cavities (CECs) were prepared. Mechanical preparation was done by HyFlex electrical discharge machining (EDM) single file in both groups. CBCT imaging was performed pre- and post-root canal preparation for calculations of root canal transportation and centering ability. RESULTS: Data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test. For transportation, teeth with CECs showed the statistically significantly highest median amount of transportation, while as for centering ability, results showed no significant difference between both groups. CONCLUSION: Under the conditions of this study, HyFlex EDM prepared canals with different access cavity designs without significant shaping errors. TEC showed less transportation than CEC, while both TEC and CEC had no effect on the file centering ability.

scholarly journals Determination of Root Canal Cleanliness by Different Irrigation Methods and Morphometric Analysis of Apical Third

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
Fábio Heredia Seixas ◽  
Mike Reis Bueno ◽  
Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto ◽  
Jesus Djalma Pécora
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to determine the root canal area before and after the instrumentation 1 mm short of the apical foramen by clinical and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) methods, and to evaluate the cleanliness of the apical region in mesiodistal flattened teeth by using optical microscopy. Materials and methods Forty-two human single-canal mandibular incisors were instrumented using the Free Tip Preparation technique up to three, four or five instruments from the initial. Cone beam computed tomography scans were acquired of the samples before and after root canal preparation (RCP). Irrigation was performed by conventional or hydrodynamic means, using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. The samples were prepared for observation under an optical microscope. Images were digitally obtained, analyzed and the results were submitted to statistical analysis (two-way ANOVA complemented by Bonferroni's post-test). Results There was no significant difference between the studied anatomical areas with both CBCT and clinical methods. There were no differences between irrigation methods. It was verified differences between instrumentation techniques. Instrumentation with four instruments from the initial instrument determined a significant increase in the contact area when compared to preparation with three instruments, but RCP with 5 instruments did not result in a better cleanliness. Conclusion The analysis with CBCT was not capable to determine the precise shape of surgical apical area comparing to the clinical method. Clinical significance Both the conventional and hydrodynamic irrigation techniques were not able to promote root canals debris-free. The instruments action in root canal walls was proportional to the number of instruments used from the initial apical instrument. How to cite this article Seixas FH, Estrela C, Bueno MR, Sousa-Neto MD, Pécora JD. Determination of Root Canal Cleanliness by Different Irrigation Methods and Morphometric Analysis of Apical Third. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(6):442-450.

scholarly journals Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study of the Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular Anterior Teeth in Serbian Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Popovic ◽  
Milos Papic ◽  
Suzana Zivanovic ◽  
Aleksandar Acovic ◽  
Slobodan Loncarevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Type I ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mandibular Incisors

Abstract The aim of this study is to describe the morphological characteristics, the number of roots and number of root canals of mandibular central incisors, lateral incisors and canines, and the relationship of these characteristics with the sex and the jaw side where the tooth is located, in the Serbian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images of a total of 902 mandible front teeth, including 296 central incisors, 294 lateral incisors and 312 canines were analyzed in the database. For assessing the morphology of the root canal, Vertucci method of classification was used. Central incisors had two canals in 27%, similar as lateral incisor which had two canals in 26.5%. Mandibular canines had two canals in 7.1% and there was a significant difference between genders. The most prevalent root canal configuration type in all mandibular anterior teeth was type I. In the groups of mandibular incisors with two root canals the most common was type III. In the group of mandibular canines with two root canals, type V had the greatest occurrence. Most mandibular anterior teeth had one root canal. Two root canals were found in 27% of the mandibular incisors. There is a significant difference in root morphology between genders. It is important for dental practitioner to expect different morphological variations when performing endodontic treatment. More studies are needed to further define morphological characteristics of roots of mandibular anterior teeth in Serbian population.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Root Canal Transportation by Three NiTi Single-File Systems in Curved Canals: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshaghali Saberi ◽  
Narges Farhad-Mollashahi ◽  
Shima Bijari ◽  
Mohammad Daryaeian
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
File Systems ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Single File ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Canal Transportation ◽  
Level Of Significance

Introduction. This study is aimed at evaluating root canal transportation in the mesiobuccal canal of mandibular first molars prepared with One Shape, Reciproc, and M-One nickel titanium (NiTi) single-file rotary systems using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods. In this ex vivo study, CBCT scans of 45 extracted human mandibular first molars with 20–40° curvature were obtained. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=15) for preparation of the mesiobuccal canal with One Shape, Reciproc, and M-One rotary systems according to the manufacturers’ instructions. CBCT scans were obtained again after canal preparation. Changes caused by preparation in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds were determined on CBCT scans and analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test at P≤0.05 level of significance. Results. No significant difference was noted in the amount of canal transportation among the three groups (P>0.05). M-One caused greater transportation in the apical third compared with Reciproc and One Shape, and One Shape caused greater transportation in the coronal third compared with other groups, although its magnitude was less than 0.3 mm. Conclusion. Reciproc, One Shape, and M-One are not significantly different in terms of canal transportation.

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