scholarly journals Vitamin D and Glaucoma: A Critical Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hana Abouzeid ◽  
Caroline Flora Samer
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D3 Deficiency

Primary open-angle glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy which can lead to irreversible blindness if untreated. A number of studies have been published suggesting a correlation between the level of serum vitamin D3 and glaucoma or intraocular pressure (IOP). The latter is known to be a major risk factor for glaucoma and is the main target of glaucoma treatment. We give a critical review of the literature, exploring what is known about this matter. While some studies report an inverse association between serum vitamin D3 and IOP, others do not confirm this finding. Similar divergent conclusions came from studies regarding the association between serum vitamin D3 and the presence or severity of glaucoma. The effect of vitamin D3 on IOP decrease has been attributed to both aqueous humor production and trabecular meshwork outflow pathway increase. Vitamin D3 has been shown to play a major role in reducing inflammation, modulating the immune response, and decreasing angiogenesis in the eye and in other organs. It has been suggested that, through its neuroprotective effect, vitamin D3 could be a protective factor for glaucoma and that vitamin D3 deficiency could explain glaucoma occurrence or severity in some patients. Other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis have been similarly related to vitamin D3 deficiency. 1α,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 (calcitriol) supplementation has been shown to be beneficial for lowering IOP in monkeys. Although the studies highlighted in this review show interesting results, their limitations underscore the need for both population-based studies and larger randomized controlled trial with vitamin D3 supplementation. The specific role of vitamin D3 in the pathology of glaucoma remains to be elucidated, together with the possible therapeutic benefit of vitamin D3 supplementation.

scholarly journals Effects of Genetic and Nongenetic Factors on Total and Bioavailable 25(OH)D Responses to Vitamin D Supplementation

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pang Yao ◽  
Liang Sun ◽  
Ling Lu ◽  
Hong Ding ◽  
Xiafei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation ◽  
Double Blinded

Abstract Context: Little is known about how genetic and nongenetic factors modify responses of vitamin D supplementation in nonwhite populations. Objective: To investigate factors modifying 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and bioavailable 25(OH)D [25(OH)DBio] responses after vitamin D3 supplementation. Design, Setting, Participants, and Intervention: In this 20-week, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 448 Chinese with vitamin D deficiency received 2000 IU/d vitamin D3 or placebo. Main Outcome Measures: Serum 25(OH)D, vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium were measured, and 25(OH)DBio was calculated based on VDBP levels. Six common polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolism genes were genotyped. Results: Between-arm net changes were +30.6 ± 1.7 nmol/L for 25(OH)D, +2.7 ± 0.2 nmol/L for 25(OH)DBio, and −5.2 ± 1.2 pg/mL for PTH, corresponding to 70% [95% confidence interval (CI), 62.8% to 77.2%] net reversion rate for vitamin D deficiency at week 20 (P < 0.001). Only 25(OH)DBio change was positively associated with calcium change (P < 0.001). Genetic factors (GC-rs4588/GC-rs7041, VDR-rs2228570, and CYP2R1-rs10741657; P ≤ 0.04) showed stronger influences on 25(OH)D or 25(OH)DBio responses than nongenetic factors, including baseline value, body mass index, and sex. An inverse association of PTH-25(OH)D was demonstrated only at 25(OH)D of <50.8 (95% CI, 43.6 to 59.0) nmol/L. Conclusions: Supplemented 2000 IU/d vitamin D3 raised 25(OH)D and 25(OH)DBio but was unable to correct deficiency in 25% of Chinese participants, which might be partially attributed to the effect of genetic modification. More studies are needed to elucidate appropriate vitamin D recommendations for Asians and the potential clinical implications of 25(OH)DBio.

scholarly journals Evaluation of vitamin D3 in patients of polycystic ovary syndrome and their correlation

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2010
Author(s):  
Rooplekha Chauhan ◽  
Sonal Sahani ◽  
Ankita Garg
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Vitamin D3 Deficiency

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is enigma faced by young females since the onset of urbanization. As on day, PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in the women of reproductive age affecting 4-10%. This study done to measure serum vitamin D3 levels of PCOS patients and to identify its association with factors associated with various symptoms and signs in PCOS.Methods: Institutional based prospective observational study conducted on 70 patients of PCOS, both suspected and already diagnosed, attending gynecology OPD of Department of obstetrics and gynecology of NSCB Medical College Jabalpur from 1 March 2015 to 31 August 2016. Diagnosis of PCOS was made by Rotterdam 2003 criteria. A detailed assessment was done and preformed proforma was filled. Serum Vitamin D3 levels were estimated by standard lab technique ‘Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry’ and categorized into vitamin D3 sufficient >30ng/dl, insufficient 20-29ng/dl and deficient <20ng/dl. Categorical data was coded numerically before the analysis. For comparison of frequency distribution chi square test or fisher’s exact test were applied as appropriate.Results: Prevalence of Vitamin D3 deficiency in patients of PCOS was found to be 84.3%.Conclusions: The present study concludes that there is correlation between vitamin D3 and PCOS, screening and correction of vitamin D3 deficiency may prevent PCOS and its manifestations. Hence, it is speculated that improvement of vitamin D3 levels at a younger age can contribute to prevention of PCOS.

Serum Vitamin D: Correlates of Baseline Concentration and Response to Supplementation in VITAL-DKD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cora M Best ◽  
Leila R Zelnick ◽  
Kenneth E Thummel ◽  
Simon Hsu ◽  
Christine Limonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Abstract Context The effect of daily vitamin D supplementation on the serum concentration of vitamin D (the parent compound) may offer insight into vitamin D disposition. Objective To assess the total serum vitamin D response to vitamin D3 supplementation and whether it varies according to participant characteristics. To compare results with corresponding results for total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which is used clinically and measured in supplementation trials. Design Exploratory study within a randomized trial. Intervention 2,000 International Units of vitamin D3 per day (or matching placebo). Setting Community-based. Participants 161 adults (mean ± SD age 70 ± 6 years; 66% males) with type 2 diabetes. Main Outcome Measures Changes in total serum vitamin D and total serum 25(OH)D concentrations from baseline to year 2. Results At baseline, there was a positive, nonlinear relation between total serum vitamin D and total serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Adjusted effects of supplementation were a 29.2 (95% CI: 24.3, 34.1) nmol/L increase in serum vitamin D and a 33.4 (95% CI: 27.7, 39.2) nmol/L increase in serum 25(OH)D. Among those with baseline 25(OH)D &lt; 50 compared with ≥ 50 nmol/L, the serum vitamin D response to supplementation was attenuated (15.7 vs 31.2 nmol/L; interaction p-value = 0.02), whereas the serum 25(OH)D response was augmented (47.9 vs 30.7 nmol/L; interaction p-value = 0.05). Conclusions Vitamin D3 supplementation increases total serum vitamin D and 25(OH)D concentrations with variation according to baseline 25(OH)D, which suggests that 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D3 is more efficient when serum 25(OH)D concentration is low.

scholarly journals Effect of Exercise-Induced Lipolysis on Serum Vitamin D Level in Obese Children: A Clinical Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 1596-1601
Author(s):  
Lamiaa K. Elsayyad ◽  
Alaa Shafie ◽  
Mazen Almehmadi ◽  
Amal F. Gharib ◽  
Ahmad El Askary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

BACKGROUND: Low Vitamin D levels associated with obesity have reached an epidemic level all over the world. It has been supposed that the low serum level of Vitamin D3 in obese subjects may be due to an increase in the uptake of Vitamin D3 by adipose tissue. AIM: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of a specially designed exercise program for boosting lipolysis on the Vitamin D level in obese children. METHODS: Thirty obese male children participated in the study. Their age was ranged from 9 to 11 years. The participants were assigned to two groups, Group I (GI) who received endurance exercise (ENE) only and Group II (GII) who received the specially designed exercise for increasing lipolysis (ENE preceded by resistance exercise). Free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, and 25(OH)D were assessed before and immediately after exercise. RESULTS: FFA and glycerol showed a significant increase in both groups following exercise, while 25(OH)D showed a significant increase only in GII. GII showed significantly higher levels of FFA, glycerol, and 25(OH)D following exercise when it was compared to GI. CONCLUSION: The application of resistance training before ENE could improve the Vitamin D status through increasing the lipolytic activities more than the application of endurance exercise alone.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D3 in fracture union in adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Arunabh Arora ◽  
Amrit Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fracture Union ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Fractures play an important role in morbidity and often premature mobility among the elderly population. Because inactivity as a result of a fracture is harmful both to bone healing and health, it appears early or rapid fracture healing would be highly recommendable for returning fracture patients to come back to normal as soon as possible with minimal side effects. The literature remains unclear regarding supplementation required for promoting bone healing in fracture cases. Hereby we evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of vitamin D3 supplementation in fracture cases along with the quantitative analysis of vitamin D3 at the time of fracture and after fracture union.: A total of 200 patients were assessed clinically, biochemically (serum alkaline phosphatase, serum vitamin D3, and serum parathormone), and radiologically. All patients who satisfy inclusion criteria are followed up and vitamin D3 levels were measured up within 1 day of fracture and at the interval of 6 months after the orthopaedic intervention. The outcomes were monitored by the 5 points radiographic scoring system by Warden et al. With the majority of patients falling under the vitamin insufficiency group i.e. 53% of all patients were found to be vitamin insufficient at the time of fracture. 33% of patients found to be vitamin D deficient while 14% found to be insufficient stage. No patient was found to be in a toxicity state. According to Warden’s scoring., 50% of patients were in grade 3, 15% in grade 4, 33% in grade 2, and only 2% in grade 1. Regarding the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in the general population, this study shows an alarming rate of vitamin D insufficient patients in a group of 200 patients, which indicates the need for attention towards vitamin D status not only for bone-related issues but for other issues related to vitamin D deficiency.

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