scholarly journals Numerical Evaluation and Management Suggestions for Heavy Metal Pollution Risks in a Sludge Landfill: A Case Study from Fuyong Landfill, Shenzhen, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Muyun Sun ◽  
Kaiyuan He ◽  
Shi Shu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Rainfall Infiltration ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollutants

Despite the extensive attention paid to the transport of heavy metals in sludge landfills, the processes of transporting these pollutants from a landfill to the underground environment are quite complicated and subject to significant uncertainty. In this study, the transport of typical heavy metal pollutants in a sludge landfill through saturated and unsaturated soil zones during rainfall was investigated via numerical modeling. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the heavy metal pollution risk from a sludge landfill under rainfall infiltration conditions and to propose several management suggestions. The results indicate that, during rainfall, heavy metal concentrations at the top of the unsaturated sludge layer decrease rapidly, but they decrease more gradually at the bottom of the layer. The maximum concentration appears in vertical distribution and decreases gradually through the saturated zone. Nickel is the first heavy metal pollutant to break through the low-permeability natural silt barrier. The transport parameters not only influence the simulated time for heavy metal pollutants to break through the silt layer and cause underground environmental pollution but also affect the extent to which the heavy metal pollutants in pore water exceed the guidelines. On the basis of these results, for dredged sludge with heavy metal concentrations significantly exceeding the standard, the concentration of heavy metals in pore water should be reduced before the sludge is landfilled, and a covering layer should be established on the sludge surface to control rainfall infiltration.

Numerical Modeling of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Rivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
maryam khalilzadeh poshtegal ◽  
Mojtaba Noury ◽  
seyed ahmad mirbagheri
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Transport And Transformation ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Heavy Metals Pollution ◽  
Fluid Transfer ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollutants

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Based on the deep studies of existing mathematical models, a mathematical model that expresses the dynamic of transport and transformation of heavy metals in the rivers has been presented. In this model, the basic principles of chemistry in the environment, hydraulic and fluid transfer dynamics have been used as well as recent studies of researchers. The effects of sediment on the transfer and evolution of heavy metals pollution can be investigated by the proposed models. For example, the evolution and transport of heavy metal pollutants in a steady state flow containing sediment are studied using the present model. The results of theoretical analysis and calculations show that transport and transformation of heavy metal pollution in sediment laden flows, not only have common characteristics of general pollutant but also have features of transport and transformation induced by the movement of sediments.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Numerical Simulation; Heavy Metal; Pollution; Sediment; Finite Difference Method.</p>

scholarly journals Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization increases the uptake of soil heavy metal pollutants by plant community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangmei Tang ◽  
Xiaole Zhang ◽  
Lanlan Qi ◽  
Chenjiao Wang ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Soil Heavy Metal ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollutants

Abstract Background: Soil heavy metal pollution is widespread around the world. Heavy metal pollutants are easily absorbed by plants and enriched in food chain, which may harm human health, cause the loss of plant, animal and microbial diversity. Plants can generally absorb soil heavy metal pollutants. Compared with hyperaccumulation plants, non-hyperaccumulator plant communities have many advantages in the remediation of heavy metals pollution in soil. However, the amount of heavy metals absorbed could be less, and the biomass would be reduced under heavy metal pollution. The application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is inexpensive and convenient, which can increase the resistance of plants to adversity and promote the growth of plants of heavy metal polluted soils.Methods: We designed a comparative greenhouse experiment with heavy metal contaminated soils, and set up four treatments: CK treatment (soil without fertilizer), N treatment (soil with N addition), P treatment (soil with P addition), and N+P treatment (soil with N and P addition).Results: Our results showed that plant aboveground biomass were 231.17%, 14.84%, 269.86% greater than CK treatment, respectively. N and P fertilizer stimulated plants to allocate more biomass to the aboveground parts. In addition, N treatments significantly reduced the content of Cd in aboveground and belowground biomass of plants (P < 0.05); P fertilizer significantly decreased the content of Cu in aboveground biomass (P < 0.05). N+P treatments significantly reduced the content of Cd, Cu in aboveground and belowground biomass of plants (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, N and N+P significantly increased the accumulation (mg/m2) of Cd, Cu, and Pb in plant aboveground biomass (P < 0.05). N and N+P fertilizer increased aboveground-belowground heavy metals accumulation ratio (P < 0.05), promoting plants to uptake more heavy metal pollution out of soil.Conclusions: N and P fertilizer increased the accumulation of heavy metals in aboveground of the natural plant community and accelerated the absorption of heavy metals by plants, and N fertilizer had a better effect. Our results provide an inexpensive method for remediation of heavy metal pollution in low economic value soils, such as contaminated farmland, abandoned land and mine tailings, etc.

scholarly journals Distribusi Spasial dan Faktor Kontaminasi Logam Berat di Pesisir Kota Makassar

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Rahmat Januar Noor ◽  
Arnold Kabangnga ◽  
Fathuddin Fathuddin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollutants

The presence of heavy metals in coastal waters is a threat to the wealth of coastal ecosystems because they are toxic. The people activities of Makassar City are centered in the coastal area so that they have the potential to produce heavy metal pollutants that can escape into coastal waters. This study aimed to determine the distribution of heavy metal concentrations in the sediment and water column and to determine the contamination factor. The research location is along the coast of Makassar City by determining the location of the observation based on potential sources of input, namely ports, river estuaries, and tourism activities. The research method used survey methods with in-situ measurements (oceanographic parameters) and ex-situ (heavy metal concentrations) and data presentation using tables, graphs, and analysis of variance test results. The concentration of heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Zn in the sediment were higher and significantly different (p <0.05) compared to the water column, while Cu not different. There was no significant difference in the concentration of heavy metals (p> 0.05) spatially (ports, river estuaries, tourist sites). Heavy metals in the sediments did not exceed the quality standard, while several heavy metals in the water column exceeded the quality standards, namely Pb and Cd. The contamination level of heavy metal pollutants studied in the coastal waters of Makassar City was low (CF <1), and if sorted, a pattern of heavy metal was Cd> Zn> Pb> Cu. Keberadaan logam berat di perairan pesisir merupakan ancaman bagi kekayaan ekosistem pesisir sebab bersifat toksik. Aktivitas masyarakat Kota Makassar berpusat di daerah pesisir sehingga berpotensi menghasilkan bahan pencemar logam berat yang dapat lepas ke perairan pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi konsentrasi logam berat di sedimen dan kolom air serta menentukan faktor kontaminasi. Lokasi penelitian di sepanjang pesisir Kota Makassar dengan penentuan lokasi pengamatan berdasarkan potensi sumber masukan yaitu pelabuhan, muara sungai, dan aktivitas wisata. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survey dengan pengukuran secara insitu (parameter oseanografi) dan exsitu (konsentrasi logam berat) serta penyajian data menggunakan tabel, grafik, dan hasil pengujian analisis varians. Konsentrasi logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Zn pada sedimen lebih tinggi serta berbeda secara signifikan (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kolom air sedangkan Cu tidak berbeda. Tidak terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi logam berat yang nyata (p>0,05) secara spasial (pelabuhan, muara sungai, lokasi wisata) Logam berat pada sedimen tidak melampaui baku mutu sedangkan pada kolom air terdapat beberapa logam berat yang melampaui baku mutu yaitu Pb dan Cd. Tingkat kontaminasi bahan pencemar logam berat yang diteliti di perairan pesisir Kota Makassar termasuk rendah (CF<1) dan bila diurutkan maka ditemui pola Cd>Zn>Pb>Cu. 

Evaluation on Heavy Metal Pollution in Agricultural Soils of Wuxi, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 1536-1539
Author(s):  
Jian Guo Liu ◽  
Yi Cheng Huang ◽  
Jia Kuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollutants

In order to investigate the quality of agricultural environment in Wuxi, agricultural soils in 371 sampling points of seven areas in Wuxi were sampled and tested for heavy metal concentrations. Single and compositive pollution indexes were used for the evaluation of the soils. The results showed that the level of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils of Wuxi is low, and the average compositive pollution index is 0.514, a safe grade. But the compositive pollution indexes in Binhu, Xishan and Suburb districts were higher than 0.7, a cautionary grade. The single pollution index of Cu in Xishan district was higher than 1.0, a grade of light pollution. The levels of heavy metal pollution were higher in the areas near city zones, because of dense population and concentrated industries. The major heavy metal pollutants are Cu, Hg and Cd.

scholarly journals The Effect of Heavy Metal Pollutants on Bioluminescence Intensity of Luminous Mushrooms (Nenothopanus sp)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Witriani Marvinatur Ihsan ◽  
Ratnawulan Ratnawulan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollutants

In the South Coastal Forest area, West Sumatra, a luminous mushroom with the species Neonothopanus Sp. This research was conducted with the aim of seeing the effect of heavy metals on the bioluminescence reaction of luminous mushrooms. Starting from the effect of heavy metal concentrations on the intensity and inhibition coefficient of luminous mushroom biolumination. From the measurement results, the maximum intensity value of luminous mushrooms is 499.6 au occurring at a wavelength of 505 nm. At a wavelength of 505 nm, visible light is produced in green. The results obtained are in accordance with observations, because the light emitted by the glowing mushroom is green. If the concentration of heavy metals is greater, the intensity of the bioluminescent fungus (Neonothopanus sp) will decrease. The type of heavy metal affects the intensity of the fungus biolumination. The greatest decrease in intensity occurred in copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb). If the heavy metal concentration is greater, the inhibition coefficient will be smaller. The greatest inhibition coefficient due to the presence of heavy metals occurs in copper (Cu) then iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and the smallest is lead (Pb).

scholarly journals Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments, and Aquatic Macrophytes: A Case Study of the Junction of Four Rivers in Linyi City, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuling Li ◽  
Henglun Shen ◽  
Yongjun Zhao ◽  
Weixing Cao ◽  
Changwei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Concentrations

The Yi River, the second longest river in Shandong Province, China, flows through Linyi City and is fed by three tributary rivers, Beng River, Liuqing River, and Su River in the northeastern part of the city. In this study, we determined the concentrations of five heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) in water, sediment, and aquatic macrophyte samples collected from the junction of the four rivers and evaluated the potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution. Most of the heavy metals in water were in low concentrations with the water quality index (WQI) below 1, suggesting low metal pollution. The sediments showed low heavy metal concentrations, suggesting a low ecological risk based on the potential ecological risk index (RI) and the geo-accumulation index (Igeo). The aquatic plant species Potamogeton crispus accumulated considerable amounts of heavy metals, which were closely related to the metal concentrations of the sediment. The plant species Salvinia natans also showed an excellent metal accumulation capability. Based on our results, the junction of the four rivers is only slightly polluted in terms of heavy metals, and the plant species P. crispus is a suitable bioindicator for sediment heavy metal pollution.

scholarly journals Tracing the source of heavy metal pollution in water sources of Tourist Attractions Based on GIS remote sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Jianghong Mo ◽  
Xinling Tian ◽  
Wei Shen
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Application Framework ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollutants

To effectively prevent heavy metal pollution in water sources in tourist attractions, clarify the degree of control of heavy metal pollution sources, and improve the accuracy of tracing results, a GIS-based remote sensing method of heavy metal pollution in tourist attractions is proposed. Using GIS spatial analysis method, the DEM elevation data monitored by remote sensing is obtained, the watershed geographic information is compiled, and the GPS obtains the longitude and latitude coordinates to locate the source of heavy metal pollution. The plug-in application framework is designed, and the watershed geographic information and plug-in application framework are integrated to build the pollution tracing platform. According to the mixing direction of pollutants after entering the water source, the migration and diffusion coordinate system of heavy metal pollution in the water source is established. The spatial-temporal distribution function model of heavy metal pollutants in water sources is constructed through the migration, transformation, and concentration of heavy metal pollutants in water sources. The tracing results of heavy metal pollution in water sources of scenic spots are obtained. The results showed that the order of variation coefficient of heavy metal pollution elements was Cr > Cd > Cu > Ni > Zn > Pb. The spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution elements was extremely uneven. There was a certain positive correlation between Ni and Cr, and the correlation coefficient of Cu and Zn was 0.78. The positive correlation was very significant, and the homology was very strong. Moreover, the identification result of the proposed method is very close to the real value, which can accurately trace the source of heavy metal pollution in the water source of tourist attractions, with small tracing error and high accuracy of tracing result evaluation.

scholarly journals Glutathione-S-Transferase Production in Earthworm as Tool for Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Abattoir Soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folarin Ojo Owagboriaye ◽  
Gabriel Adewunmi Dedeke ◽  
Kehinde Olutoyin Ademolu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Earthworm Species ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Ph Level

<p>The use of Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in earthworm tissue as tool for assessment of heavy metal pollution in abattoir soils was evaluated in this study. Five (5) replicates each of earthworm species (<em>Libyodrilus violaceous</em>, <em>Eudrilus eugeniae</em> and <em>Alma millsoni</em>), soil and rumen waste samples were collected from three (3) abattoir sites (Lafenwa, Gbonogun and Madojutimi abattoirs) and a control site located within Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, beside an undisturbed stream with no rumen waste. Heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Mn) concentrations in rumen waste, abattoir soils and earthworm tissues were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.  The pH and organic matter (OM) concentrations of the rumen waste and abattoir soils were determined by standard methods. GST activities in the earthworm tissues were determined through the conjugation of 1mM reduced glutathione (GSH) with 1mM 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). The rumen waste recorded significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) % OM, heavy metal concentrations and pH level than in their respective abattoir soils. The mean heavy metal concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Mn were highest in the tissue of earthworm species obtained from Lafenwa abattoir. A significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher GST activities were recorded in the tissue of earthworm species obtained from Lafenwa and Gbonogun abattoirs. <em>Libyodrilous violaceus </em>obtained from Lafenwa abattoir recorded the highest GST activity (8.47±1.39) in their tissue followed by the ones from Gbonogun abattoir (8.21±0.85). A significant (p ≤ 0.05) positive correlations was observed between GST activities in earthworm tissues and heavy metal concentrations. GST activities can therefore be used to assess the level of heavy metal pollution in abattoir soils.</p><p><em>Keywords</em>: Glutathione-S-transferase, Biomarker, Earthworms, Heavy metals, Abattoir</p>

scholarly journals Soil Physicochemical Properties, Metal Deposition, and Ultrastructural Midgut Changes in Ground Beetles, Calosoma chlorostictum, under Agricultural Pollution

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4805
Author(s):  
Enas E. Nasr ◽  
Zeinab Z. Khater ◽  
Martina Zelenakova ◽  
Zuzana Vranayova ◽  
Mohamed Abu-Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollutants

Unsustainable agricultural practices that minimize soil organic matter can promote the removal of heavy metal pollutants into the food chain. Such polluted soils can release contaminants into the groundwater, which leads to accumulation in plant tissue that is transferred to animals, birds, insects, and humans. Biomonitors of soil pollution with heavy metals can be identified by the ground beetles Calosoma chlorostictum (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as bioindicators of soil quality and its yield sustainability. The experiment was performed on two sites in Zagazig City (30.62° N, 31.44° E), Egypt. The physicochemical parameters indicated that soil moisture and organic matter had the highest differences in the polluted agricultural soil compared to the reference soil. However, there were no significant differences in chloride content. The atomic absorption analysis exhibited the highest concentration recorded for arsenic (As) and the lowest for selenium (Se) in the polluted soil and the insect’s midgut. Meanwhile, the differences between heavy metal concentrations in the total soil and midgut of C. chlorostictum from current sites indicated that the highest differences were in aluminum (Al) and mercury (Hg), while arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) were the lowest. Furthermore, the correlation between heavy metal concentrations in the soil and insect midgut was highest in As, while the lowest correlation was noticed in Al. We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that showed a more considerable disturbance in the C. chlorostictum midgut epithelial layer collected from the agricultural area than in the insects collected from the reference area. Evident ultrastructural alterations showed a rupture and distortion of microvilli, destruction of the columnar and regenerative cells, large separation between epithelial cells, and stretching of the cellular axis, as a result of which the lumen became very narrow. Moreover, a lot of vacuoles with little enzyme secretion were observed in the columnar epithelial cells. In addition, other manifestations due to pollution with heavy metals such as a pyknotic nucleus with abnormal chromatin, cytoplasmic vacuolization, disruptions, and vacuolation of mitochondria were detected, as well as the appearance of electron-dense vesicles, a lot of lysosomes, large myelin figures, and dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum on account of soil contamination. Potential counteractive health influence in such applications could be avoided if the soil was adequately treated.

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