scholarly journals The Role of lncRNAs in Regulating the Intestinal Mucosal Mechanical Barrier

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Shanshan Chen ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Beihui He ◽  
Ruonan He ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Chromatin Regulation ◽  
Intestinal Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Environment ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mechanical Barrier

lncRNA is a transcript that is more than 200 bp in length. Currently, evidence has shown that lncRNA is of great significance in cell activity, involved in epigenetics, gene transcription, chromatin regulation, etc. The existence of an intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier hinders the invasion of pathogenic bacteria and toxins, maintaining the stability of the intestinal environment. Serious destruction or dysfunction of the mechanical barrier often leads to intestinal diseases. This review first summarizes the ability of lncRNAs to regulate the intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier. We then discussed how lncRNAs participate in various intestinal diseases by regulating the intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier. Finally, we envision its potential as a new marker for diagnosing and treating intestinal inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Stability of maternal mRNA in Xenopus embryos: role of transcription and translation.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 4123-4129 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Duval ◽  
P Bouvet ◽  
F Omilli ◽  
C Roghi ◽  
C Dorel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Sequence Specificity ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Posttranscriptional Control ◽  
Midblastula Transition ◽  
Maternal Mrna ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
The Stability

The first 12 cell divisions of Xenopus laevis embryos do not require gene transcription. This means that the regulation of gene expression during this period is controlled at post transcriptional levels and makes Xenopus early development a potentially interesting biological system with which to study the mechanisms involved. We describe here the stability characteristics of several maternal Xenopus mRNAs which are deadenylated soon after fertilisation (J. Paris and M. Philippe, Dev. Biol., in press). We show that these mRNAs were only degraded in the embryo after the midblastula transition (MBT), when gene transcription was initiated. The kinetics with which the deadenylated maternal mRNAs decreased in the post-MBT embryos showed sequence specificity. The degradation of these mRNAs after the MBT was inhibited by cycloheximide but was not affected by dactinomycin. Therefore, the destabilization of these mRNAs does not appear to be initiated by new embryonic gene transcripts. Sequence comparisons of the 3' untranslated region of these mRNAs identified several motifs which may be involved in the posttranscriptional control of these gene products.

scholarly journals YAP promotes the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via blocking K27-linked polyubiquitination of NLRP3

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Yening Zhang ◽  
Xueming Xu ◽  
Jianfeng Wu ◽  
Yue Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Hippo Pathway ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Stability

AbstractThe transcription coactivator YAP plays a vital role in Hippo pathway for organ-size control and tissue homeostasis. Recent studies have demonstrated YAP is closely related to immune disorders and inflammatory diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain less defined. Here, we find that YAP promotes the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, an intracellular multi-protein complex that orchestrates host immune responses to infections or sterile injuries. YAP deficiency in myeloid cells significantly attenuates LPS-induced systemic inflammation and monosodium urate (MSU) crystals-induced peritonitis. Mechanistically, YAP physically interacts with NLRP3 and maintains the stability of NLRP3 through blocking the association between NLRP3 and the E3 ligase β-TrCP1, the latter increases the proteasomal degradation of NLRP3 via K27-linked ubiquitination at lys380. Together, these findings establish a role of YAP in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, and provide potential therapeutic target to treat the NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases.

Stability of maternal mRNA in Xenopus embryos: role of transcription and translation

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 4123-4129
Author(s):  
C Duval ◽  
P Bouvet ◽  
F Omilli ◽  
C Roghi ◽  
C Dorel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Sequence Specificity ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Posttranscriptional Control ◽  
Midblastula Transition ◽  
Maternal Mrna ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
The Stability

The first 12 cell divisions of Xenopus laevis embryos do not require gene transcription. This means that the regulation of gene expression during this period is controlled at post transcriptional levels and makes Xenopus early development a potentially interesting biological system with which to study the mechanisms involved. We describe here the stability characteristics of several maternal Xenopus mRNAs which are deadenylated soon after fertilisation (J. Paris and M. Philippe, Dev. Biol., in press). We show that these mRNAs were only degraded in the embryo after the midblastula transition (MBT), when gene transcription was initiated. The kinetics with which the deadenylated maternal mRNAs decreased in the post-MBT embryos showed sequence specificity. The degradation of these mRNAs after the MBT was inhibited by cycloheximide but was not affected by dactinomycin. Therefore, the destabilization of these mRNAs does not appear to be initiated by new embryonic gene transcripts. Sequence comparisons of the 3' untranslated region of these mRNAs identified several motifs which may be involved in the posttranscriptional control of these gene products.

scholarly journals IL-27R signaling serves as immunological checkpoint for NK cells to promote hepatocellular carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turan Aghayev ◽  
Iuliia O. Peshkova ◽  
Aleksandra M. Mazitova ◽  
Elizaveta K. Titerina ◽  
Aliia R. Fatkhullina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cancer Immunity ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Elevated Expression

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer with poor survival and limited therapeutic options. HCC has different etiologies, typically associated with viral or carcinogenic insults or fatty liver disease and underlying chronic inflammation presents as a major unifying mechanism for tumor promotion. On the other hand, mechanisms of how inflammatory response can regulate anti-cancer immunity in HCC remain incompletely understood.Interleukin (IL)-27 receptor signaling plays an anti-inflammatory role in a variety of infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, using genetic and pharmacological approaches we found that IL-27 receptor (IL-27R) signaling promotes HCC development in vivo. Genetic loss of IL-27R suppressed HCC development in both toxin/carcinogen-induced diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-driven models. Elevated expression of IL-27RA rendered poor prognosis to HCC patients. Mechanistically, the pro-tumorigenic effect was mediated by immunoregulatory role of IL-27R signaling within the tumor microenvironment, particularly the suppression of Natural killer (NK) cells. IL-27R ablation enhanced the accumulation and activation of cytotoxic NK cells during acute liver injury and in HCC tumors, while depletion of NK cells abrogated the effect of genetic IL-27R disruption.Taken together, our data suggest an unexpected role of IL-27R signaling as a novel immunological checkpoint regulating NK cell activity and promoting development of HCC of different etiologies.

scholarly journals Interleukin-18 in Inflammatory Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuaki Hirooka ◽  
Yuji Nozaki
Keyword(s):  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Ligand Expression ◽  
Th1 Cytokine ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Myeloid Differentiation Factor

Interleukin (IL)-18, a member of the IL-1 superfamily, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is structurally similar to IL-1β. IL-18 promotes the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and strongly induces a Th1 response. IL-18 drives the same myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway as IL-1β. In physiological conditions, IL-18 is regulated by the endogenous inhibitor IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), and the activity of IL-18 is balanced. It is reported that in several inflammatory diseases, the IL-18 activity is unbalanced, and IL-18 neutralization by IL-18BP is insufficient. IL-18 acts synergistically with IL-12 to induce the production of IFN-γ as a Th1 cytokine, and IL-18 acts alone to induce the production of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13. In addition, IL-18 alone enhances natural killer (NK) cell activity and FAS ligand expression. The biological and pathological roles of IL-18 have been studied in many diseases. Here we review the knowledge regarding IL-18 signaling and the role of IL-18 in inflammatory kidney diseases. Findings on renal injury in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its association with IL-18 will also be presented.

A Statistical Study of Process Variables to Optimize a High Speed Curtain Coater: Part I

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEEYUSH TRIPATHI ◽  
MARGARET JOYCE ◽  
PAUL D. FLEMING ◽  
MASAHIRO SUGIHARA
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Air Removal ◽  
Removal System

Using an experimental design approach, researchers altered process parameters and material prop-erties to stabilize the curtain of a pilot curtain coater at high speeds. Part I of this paper identifies the four significant variables that influence curtain stability. The boundary layer air removal system was critical to the stability of the curtain and base sheet roughness was found to be very important. A shear thinning coating rheology and higher curtain heights improved the curtain stability at high speeds. The sizing of the base sheet affected coverage and cur-tain stability because of its effect on base sheet wettability. The role of surfactant was inconclusive. Part II of this paper will report on further optimization of curtain stability with these four variables using a D-optimal partial-facto-rial design.

The Role of Hydrophobicity in the Stability and pH-Switchability of (RXDX)4 and Coumarin-RXDX Conjugate β-Sheets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Weber ◽  
Martin McCullagh
Keyword(s):  
Biological Imaging ◽  
Ph Sensing ◽  
Hydrophobic Residue ◽  
Ideal Candidate ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Β Sheets ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

<p>pH-switchable, self-assembling materials are of interest in biological imaging and sensing applications. Here we propose that combining the pH-switchability of RXDX (X=Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Phe) peptides and the optical properties of coumarin creates an ideal candidate for these materials. This suggestion is tested with a thorough set of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We first investigate the dependence of pH-switchabiliy on the identity of the hydrophobic residue, X, in the bare (RXDX)<sub>4</sub> systems. Increasing the hydrophobicity stabilizes the fiber which, in turn, reduces the pH-switchabilty of the system. This behavior is found to be somewhat transferable to systems in which a single hydrophobic residue is replaced with a coumarin containing amino acid. In this case, conjugates with X=Ala are found to be unstable and both pHs while conjugates with X=Val, Leu, Ile and Phe are found to form stable β-sheets at least at neutral pH. The (RFDF)<sub>4</sub>-coumarin conjugate is found to have the largest relative entropy value of 0.884 +/- 0.001 between neutral and acidic coumarin ordering distributions. Thus, we posit that coumarin-(RFDF)<sub>4</sub> containing peptide sequences are ideal candidates for pH-sensing bioelectronic materials.</p>

Metal-Metal Cooperative Bond Activation by Heterobimetallic Alkyl, Aryl, and Acetylide PtII/CuI Complexes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubham Deolka ◽  
Orestes Rivada Wheelaghan ◽  
Sandra Aristizábal ◽  
Robert Fayzullin ◽  
Shrinwantu Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkyl Group ◽  
Bond Activation ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Terminal Alkyne ◽  
Alkyl Aryl ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Selective Formation ◽  
Organoplatinum Compounds

We report selective formation of heterobimetallic PtII/CuI complexes that demonstrate how facile bond activation processes can be achieved by altering reactivity of common organoplatinum compounds through their interaction with another metal center. The interaction of the Cu center with Pt center and with a Pt-bound alkyl group increases the stability of PtMe2 towards undesired rollover cyclometalation. The presence of the CuI center also enables facile transmetalation from electron-deficient tetraarylborate [B(ArF)4]- anion and mild C-H bond cleavage of a terminal alkyne, which was not observed in the absence of an electrophilic Cu center. The DFT study indicates that the role of Cu center acts as a binding site for alkyne substrate, while activating its terminal C-H bond.

LANDSLIDE RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE COASTAL ZONE OF THE KUIBYSHEV RESERVOIR DUE THE DESIGN OF HIGH-SPEED LINE "MOSCOW-KAZAN"

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Petrov ◽  
Nikolai Petrov ◽  
Inna Nikonorova ◽  
Inna Nikonorova ◽  
Vladimir Mashin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Kuibyshev Reservoir ◽  
Stepped Surface ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Landslide Slope ◽  
The Village

High-speed railway "Moscow-Kazan" by the draft crosses the Volga (Kuibyshev reservoir) in Chuvashia region 500 m below the village of New Kushnikovo. The crossing plot is a right-bank landslide slope with a stepped surface. Its height is 80 m; the slope steepness -15-16o. The authors should assess the risk of landslides and recommend anti-landslide measures to ensure the safety of the future bridge. For this landslide factors have been analyzed, slope stability assessment has been performed and recommendations have been suggested. The role of the following factors have been analyzed: 1) hydrologic - erosion and abrasion reservoir and runoff role; 2) lithologyc (the presence of Urzhum and Northern Dvina horizons of plastically deformable rocks, displacement areas); 3) hydrogeological (the role of perched, ground and interstratal water); 4) geomorphological (presence of the elemental composition of sliding systems and their structure in the relief); 5) exogeodynamic (cycles and stages of landslide systems development, mechanisms and relationship between landslide tiers of different generations and blocks contained in tiers). As a result 6-7 computational models at each of the three engineering-geological sections were made. The stability was evaluated by the method “of the leaning slope”. It is proved that the slope is in a very stable state and requires the following measures: 1) unloading (truncation) of active heads blocks of landslide tiers) and the edge of the plateau, 2) regulation of the surface and groundwater flow, 3) concrete dam, if necessary.

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