scholarly journals Hydrochemistry and Entropy-Based Groundwater Quality Assessment in the Suining Area, Southwestern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yunhui Zhang ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Ming Luo ◽  
Changli Wei ◽  
Xun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Entropy Weighted ◽  
Health Organization

Groundwater is an essential resource for sustainable development, whose quality is significant for human health. In the present study, twenty-eight groundwater samples were collected from domestic tube wells and public water supply wells in the Suining area, southwestern China. The integration of statistical analysis, correlations of ions, geomodelling, and entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI) was carried out to clarify the hydrochemistry and groundwater quality in the study area. By the statistical analysis, the cations followed the concentration order as Ca2+> Na+> Mg2+> K+, while anions’ concentrations were HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− > NO3− > F−. Piper trilinear diagram showed the hydrochemical type was characterized as Ca-HCO3. Correlations of ions and geomodelling revealed the concentrations of major ions were mainly determined by carbonate dissolution and ion exchange process, and NO3− concentrations were controlled by agriculture activities. EWQI computation demonstrated that most of the groundwater samples possessed EWQI values higher than 100. Therefore, groundwater quality is lower than the permissible limit of the World Health Organization (WHO), suitable for drinking purposes in the Suining area. Our study provides vital knowledge for groundwater management in the Suining and other similar areas.

Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Geospatial Techniques and WQI in North East of Adama Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankar Karuppannan ◽  
Nafyad Serre Kawo
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Geospatial Techniques ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
North East ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
Health Organization

Assessment of groundwater quality is vital for the sustainable use of the resources for domestic and agricultural purposes. In this study spatial variation of physicochemical parameters were analyzed for Northeast Adama Town. Water Quality Index (WQI) and irrigation indices were used to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes, respectively. Further, the physical-chemical results were compared with the Ethiopian standards and the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking and public health. Using GIS interpolation methods in Arc GIS 10.3.1, spatial distribution maps of pH, TDS, EC, Cl−, HCO32−, SO42−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+, RSC, SAR, Na% were prepared. Results indicated that except ASTU well 2, all samples are below the desirable limits of WHO. The WQI results indicated that 85% of samples and 15% of samples were in good and poor categories, respectively. Irrigation indices show that the most groundwater samples have excellent water classes, indicating that they are suitable for irrigation purposes.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality of Coastal Aquifer Evaluation Using Spatial Analysis Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 2902-2912
Author(s):  
J. Saravanan ◽  
Kishan Singh Rawat ◽  
Sudhir Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Health Organization

Groundwater quality of Thiruvallur (district of Tamil Nadu) of coastal areas of the Bay of Bengal has been studied. Standard overlay analysis; techniques have been used for analyzing spatial data in Geographic Information System platform. For this research work, groundwater samples were collected from bore wells and open wells covering the whole study area. The collected samples were analyzed for physical, cations and anions. The thematic maps of groundwater quality parameters of the entire study area were prepared using Inverse Distance Weightage interpolation technique. Further, water quality index was computed for the region on a recommendation of standard permissible limitsrecommended by World Health Organization (WHO) 2006 for the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes.

scholarly journals Assessment of Spatial Variation of Physicochemical Parameters of Groundwater in Some Communities of Yenagoa Metropolis

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Alfred Wilson Opukumo ◽  
Austin O. Oki
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Health Organization

Water is a basic need of life, and more so, potable water is critical for healthy living. Shallow boreholes are now popular as the main source of drinking water in the Yenagoa metropolis due to the contamination of surface water and rainwater caused by poor management of wastes and crude oil facilities in the area. However, there are concerns about variations in the quality of groundwater across communities in the Yenagoa metropolis. Thus, this study assesses the spatial variations of physicochemical parameters of groundwater samples from 50 boreholes in the area, and results compared with recommended standards prescribed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Parameters analyzed were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrate, chloride, sulfate, total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and iron. Global Information System (GIS) technology was adopted to present the groundwater quality in respect to each physicochemical parameter, in thematic maps. The maps showed that groundwater was slightly acidic in most communities in Central and Northern Yenagoa like Ekeki, Swali, Akaba, and Okolobiri. In communities like Ogbogoro, Ekeki, Azikoro and Yenegwe the EC was higher than the standard permissible value according to the WHO. A very high concentration of iron was observed across all communities except a few like Nedogo, Okolobiri, Tombia, Gbarantoru, Ayama, Famgbe, and Ikibiri having iron-free groundwater. Concentrations of TDS, calcium, magnesium, nitrates, sulfates, potassium, and sodium were within permissible limits across all communities. Communities like Ayama-Ijaw, Obololi, Ikibiri, Ikudu, Bomodi, Tombia, and Akaibiri had good groundwater while Ekeki, Famgbe, Yenaka, and Kpansia boast of excellent groundwater quality, and other areas had either poor or unsuitable groundwater for consumption. Treatment is recommended for parameters with higher concentrations than the standard value stipulated by the WHO.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater and Suitability Analysis for Domestic and Agricultural Utility in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3589
Author(s):  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
Chunli Su ◽  
Abdur Rashid ◽  
Nan Yang ◽  
Muhammad Yousuf Jat Baloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Reverse Ion Exchange ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Groundwater is a critical water supply for safe drinking water, agriculture, and industry worldwide. In the Khanewal district of Punjab, Pakistan, groundwater has severely deteriorated during the last few decades due to environmental changes and anthropogenic activities. Therefore, 68 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for their main ions and trace elements to investigate the suitability of groundwater sources for drinking and agricultural purposes. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were employed to determine the major factors influencing groundwater quality. To assess the groundwater’s appropriateness for drinking and irrigation, drinking and agricultural indices were used. The pH of the groundwater samples ranged from 6.9 to 9.2, indicating that the aquifers were slightly acidic to alkaline. The major cations were distributed as follows: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. Meanwhile, the anions are distributed as follows: HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− > F−. The main hydrochemical facies were identified as a mixed type; however, a mixed magnesium, calcium, and chloride pattern was observed. The reverse ion exchange process helps in exchanging Na+ with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in the groundwater system. Rock weathering processes, such as the dissolution of calcite, dolomite, and gypsum minerals, dominated the groundwater hydrochemistry. According to the Weight Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI), 50% of the water samples were unsafe for drinking. The Wilcox diagram, USSL diagram, and some other agricultural indices resulted in around 32% of the groundwater samples being unsuitable for irrigation purposes. The Khanewal’s groundwater quality was vulnerable due to geology and the influence of anthropogenic activities. For groundwater sustainability in Khanewal, management strategies and policies are required.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality and Suitability for Different Uses in the Saloum Area of Senegal

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyni Ndoye ◽  
Claude Fontaine ◽  
Cheikh Gaye ◽  
Moumtaz Razack
Keyword(s):  
Major Ions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
Rock Water Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Health Organization

Hydrogeochemical analyses were conducted on groundwater sampled from the Saloum aquifer, in southern Senegal. The objective was to identify the chemical processes that control hydrochemistry and to assess the quality of groundwater for determining its suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes. Water samples were collected from 79 wells during the dry season in May 2012, and were subjected to analysis for chemical characteristics (major ions), pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solid (TDS). The dominant hydrochemical facies observed for the groundwater samples are NaCl and CaHCO3. Gibbs plot depicts predominance of rock water interaction and evaporation processes controlling the water chemistry. Percentage of Na+, Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Total Hardness (TH) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) values were calculated. The results were compared with the standard guideline values recommended by the World Health Organization and agricultural water standards. The TDS in groundwater is less than 1200 mg/L and SAR values are less than 10. RSC values overall are less than 1.25 meq/L. Results show that the groundwater in the area has generally a low hardness and is fresh (95%) to brackish. The majority of groundwater samples are appropriate for domestic uses. The indexes for water irrigation compared with standard limits revealed that most of the Saloum groundwater samples fall in the suitable range for irrigation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in the Vicinity of Khurrianwala Industrial Zone, Pakistan

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aleem ◽  
Cao Shun ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Arslan Aslam ◽  
Wu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Environmental

The industrial augmentation and unguided anthropogenic activities contaminate water sources in most parts of the world especially in developing countries like Pakistan. High concentration of pollutants in groundwater affects human, soil, and crop health badly. The present study was conducted to investigate groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in an industrial zone of Pakistan. A GIS tool was used to investigate the spatial distribution of different physico-chemical parameters. In this study, the average results exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) were found for pH 7.84, total dissolved solids (TDS) 1492 mg/L, phosphate 0.51 mg/L, dissolved oxygen (DO) 9.92% saturation, F-coli 6.48 colonies/100 mL, Na+ 366 mg/L, HCO3− 771 mg/L, sulfate 251 mg/L, chlorides 427 mg/L, total hardness (as CaCO3) 292 mg/L, electrical conductivity (EC) 2408 μS/cm, iron (Fe) 0.48 mg/L, chrome (Cr) 0.50 mg/L, arsenic (As) 0.04 mg/L, total phosphorus (TP) 0.17 mg/L, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) 9.76 (in meq/L), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) 9.28 meq/L, % ion balance 14.4 (in meq/L), percentage sodium ion (% Na+) concentration 58.9 meq/L, and water quality index (WQI) 69.0. The trend of cations and anions were (in meq/L) Na > Mg > Ca > K and HCO3 > Cl > CO3 > SO4 respectively. Although the results of the present study showed poor conditions of the groundwater for drinking as WQI but and irrigation purposes as SAR, it needs to improve some more conditions for the provision of safe drinking water and irrigation water quality.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Analysis of Surface and Ground Water in Ugbomro and Iteregbi, Delta State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-517
Author(s):  
O.B. Ovonramwen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Physicochemical analyses of surface and groundwater samples from eleven different locations in Ugbomro and Iteregbi, Delta State, Nigeria were sampled and analyzed for physicochemical parameters according to standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. The following  mean and standard deviation were obtained from the groundwater of the communities: temp (oC) 22.46 ± 0.50 and 23.23 ± 0.99, pH 6.63 ± 0.68 and6.69 ± 0.24, dissolved oxygen (DO) (mg/L) 5.91 ± 0.46 and 5.73 ± 0.46, chemical oxygen demand (COD) (mg/L) 4.24 ± 0.01 and 4.43 ± 0.10, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (mg/L) 3.51 ± 0.38 and 3.84 ± 0.21, Turbidity (NTU) 1.22 ± 1.07 and 3.56 ± 0.77, electrical conductivity (EC) (μs/cm) 748.9 ± 215.79 and 786.67 ± 226.77, color (TCU) 1.22 ± 2.12 and 6.11 ± 2.11, total alkalinity (TA) (mg/L) 6.22 ± 7.38 and 14.11 ± 11.19, HCO3- (mg/L) 6.22 ± 7.38 and 14.11 ± 11.19, NO3 - (mg/L) 1.13 ± 0.62 and 2.89 ± 1.25, total solids (TS) (mg/L) 489.09 ± 180.17 and 664.95 ± 373.37, total suspended solids (TSS) (mg/L) 32.25 ± 24.29 and 123.86 ± 82.79, total dissolved solids (TDS) (mg/L) 456.78 ± 163.73 and 542.20 ± 450.66, Cl- (mg/L) 21.20 ± 3.20 and 20.10 ± 3.89, total hardness (TH) (mg/L) 26.67 ± 22.83 and 46.78 ± 36.17, Na (mg/L) 1.26 ± 0.06 and 1.16 ± 0.04, K (mg/L) 0.04 ± 0.01 and 0.06 ± 0.03, Mg (mg/L) 4.32 ± 3.23 and 6.96 ± 5.49, Ca (mg/L) 8.68 ± 9.35 and 18.12 ± 13.71 respectively. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis and compared with the standard set by the Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON) and the World Health Organization (WHO) for water samples. Some of the parameters did not meet the standards, hence the need for treatment. The present physio-chemical analyses of surface and groundwater quality of the two neighboring university areas, Ugbomro and Iteregbi, were done to assess the environmental status of  the environment before socio-economic impacts. Keywords: physicochemical, surface water, groundwater, water quality

scholarly journals Study of groundwater contamination and drinking suitability in basaltic terrain of Maharashtra, India through PIG and multivariate statistical techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasant Wagh ◽  
Shrikant Mukate ◽  
Aniket Muley ◽  
Ajaykumar Kadam ◽  
Dipak Panaskar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Ions ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Abstract The integration of pollution index of groundwater (PIG), multivariate statistical techniques including correlation matrix (CM), principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and various ionic plots was applied to elucidate the influence of natural and anthropogenic inputs on groundwater chemistry and quality of the Kadava river basin. A total of 80 groundwater samples were collected and analysed for major ions during pre- and post-monsoon seasons of 2012. Analytical results inferred that Ca, Mg, Cl, SO4 and NO3 surpass the desirable limit (DL) and permissible limit (PL) of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in both the seasons. The elevated content of total dissolved solids (TDS), Cl, SO4, Mg, Na and NO3 is influenced by precipitation and agricultural dominance. PIG results inferred that 52.5 and 35%, 30 and 37.5%, 12.5 and 20%, 2.5 and 5% groundwater samples fall in insignificant, low, moderate and high pollution category (PC) in pre- and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. PC 1 confirms salinity controlled process due to high inputs of TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl and SO4. Also, PC 2 suggests alkalinity influence by pH, CO3, HCO3 and F content. PIG and statistical techniques help to interpret the water quality data in an easier way.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Nutrients in the Leachate and the Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Farming around the Nkolfoulou Landfill in Yaoundé, Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Gilbert Feuyit ◽  
John Ngolui Lambi ◽  
Estella Njoyim-Tamungang ◽  
Samuel Laminsi
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Effluent Discharge ◽  
Pollute Groundwater

This study focuses on the assessment of the nutrients in the leachate and the groundwater quality around the Nkolfoulou landfill in Yaoundé known in French as “Centre de Traitement de Déchets (CTD).” Landfilling generates leachate that can pollute groundwater. Leachate along with groundwater samples (n=1+13) was collected in January (long dry season) and May (long wet season) 2014 and explored for various parameters including pH, temperature, EC, turbidity, TDS, TA, TSS, TH, BOD5, COD, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+, NO3−, Cl−, F−, SO42−, PO43−, HCO3−, and colour using standard methods. In the leachate samples, values of TSS (700.2 and 130.2 mg/L), BOD5 (140 mg/L), COD (1350 and 1750 mg/L), NH4+ (82.50 and 39.51 mg/L), NO3− (159.32 and 74.82 mg/L), and Cl− (702.69 and 345.50 mg/L) exceeded the Cameroonian standards for effluent discharge. All the values of pH and some values of turbidity (4.55 and 4.50 NTU) and NH4+ (0.51 and 0.73 mg/L) in the groundwater samples violated the Cameroonian standards for drinking water. Based on the water quality index (WQI), an average of 11.53% of groundwater samples was improper for drinking in both seasons. Based on the parameters assessed, all the samples complied with the standard set for irrigation, poultry, and livestock. The hazard quotient (HQ) and the hazard index (HI) of NO3− and F− for children and adults were <1, and hence, the increased non-cancer risks due to these ions through the drinking of groundwater was low. From the statistical analysis, the Nkolfoulou landfill may not be the main source of major ions to the nearby groundwater.

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