scholarly journals What Is in the Field for Genetics and Epigenetics of Diabetic Neuropathy: The Role of MicroRNAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
V. Spallone ◽  
C. Ciccacci ◽  
A. Latini ◽  
P. Borgiani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Mirna Genes ◽  
New Findings ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Risk Biomarkers ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Disease Modifying Treatment

Despite the high prevalence of diabetic neuropathy, its early start, and its impact on quality of life and mortality, unresolved clinical issues persist in the field regarding its screening implementation, the understanding of its mechanisms, and the search for valid biomarkers, as well as disease-modifying treatment. Genetics may address these needs by providing genetic biomarkers of susceptibility, giving insights into pathogenesis, and shedding light on how to select possible responders to treatment. After a brief summary of recent studies on the genetics of diabetic neuropathy, the current review focused mainly on microRNAs (miRNAs), including the authors’ results in this field. It summarized the findings of animal and human studies that associate miRNAs with diabetic neuropathy and explored the possible pathogenetic meanings of these associations, in particular regarding miR-128a, miR-155a, and miR-499a, as well as their application for diabetic neuropathy screening. Moreover, from a genetic perspective, it examined new findings of polymorphisms of miRNA genes in diabetic neuropathy. It considered in more depth the pathogenetic implications for diabetic neuropathy of the polymorphism of MIR499A and the related changes in the downstream action of miR-499a, showing how epigenetic and genetic studies may provide insight into pathogenetic mechanisms like mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, the concept and the data of genotype-phenotype association for polymorphism of miRNA genes were described. In conclusion, although at a very preliminary stage, the findings linking the genetics and epigenetics of miRNAs might contribute to the identification of exploratory risk biomarkers, a comprehensive definition of susceptibility to specific pathogenetic mechanisms, and the development of mechanism-based treatment of diabetic neuropathy, thus addressing the goals of genetic studies.

De la biologie à l'éthique les comités d'éthique de biologie

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Therapeutic Trials ◽  
New Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Tissue Grafts ◽  
Comparative Trials

Bioethics has been stimulated by two happenings. Indignation provoked by the behaviour of Hitler's regime against the unfortunate deportees and the splendid progress of biology and medicine. One can distinguish two periods in the history of ethical committees. Firstly a period concerned only with local regional, hospital or university committees and a later period concerned with national committees (the first was created in France in 1983).Three revolutions which pose important ethical questions have changed medicine in the last fifty years:1. A therapeutic revolution with therapeutic trials (well organised trials on healthy volunteers, or comparative trials which are both morally necessary and necessarily immoral).2. Organ transplantation with questions about the donor (dead or living) or the recipient who becomes a chimera.3. Epidemiological enquiries with the difficult question of creating a register.The biological revolution which came later has given man three masteries:1. Developments in birth control, such as the RU of Baulieu, which can terminate pregnancy.2. Artificial insemination ranging from treating male infertility to a matter of convenience.3. In vitro fertilisation leads to the problem of what to do with supernumerary embryos.Genetic developments lead to progress in predicting the predisposition to disease as well as the power to modify the inherited genetic makeup. The invention but not the discovery can be patented. Finally progress in knowledge of the nervous system leads to two important bioethical problems, psychopharmacology and nerve tissue grafts.These difficult questions and the tensions that they have engendered have led ethical committees to formulate the following principles to guide their judgement:1. The definition of a person at the very beginning of life, with the tendency to consider an embryo as a potential person.2. Respect for knowledge depends on two precautions; confining some research to a small number of laboratories and having a moratorium on some new findings.3. Eliminating the financial element from blood transfusions or organ donation.4. The responsibility of the researcher who should deal with the ethical problems created by his or her research as it develops.What is the role of the law in ethics? What legislation can be and what cannot be forecast? How can we develop the teaching of bioethics particularly in higher education, medicine and law? Can we start sufficiently early teaching morality in schools? How do we develop the necessary international arrangements? By increasing meetings? By creating a European bioethics committee? Finding an answer to these questions was the object of a meeting in Madrid in March 1992 of the chairmen of the national ethical committees of Europe.

scholarly journals The Role of Single Nucleotide Variants of NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3 Genes in the Development of the Phenotype of Migraine and Arterial Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Polina V. Moskaleva ◽  
Natalya A. Shnayder ◽  
Marina M. Petrova ◽  
Daria S. Kaskaeva ◽  
Oksana A. Gavrilyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genetic Predictors ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Disease Modifying Treatment

Migraine (M) and arterial hypertension (AH) are very common diseases. Today, there are a number of studies confirming and explaining their comorbidity. We searched PubMed, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science, Clinicalkeys, and Google Scholar databases for full-text English publications over the past 15 years using keywords and their combinations. The present review provides a synthesis of information about single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3 genes involved in the development of M and essential AH. The results of studies we have discussed in this review are contradictory, which might be due to different designs of the studies, small sample sizes in some of them, as well as different social and geographical environments. Despite a high prevalence of the M and AH phenotype, its genetic markers have not yet been sufficiently studied. Specifically, there are separate molecular genetic studies aimed to identify SNVs of NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3 genes responsible for the development of M and those responsible for the development of AH. However, these SNVs have not been studied in patients with the phenotype of M and AH. In this review, we identify the SNVs that would be the most interesting to study in this aspect. Understanding the role of environmental factors and genetic predictors will contribute to a better diagnostics and exploration of new approaches to pathogenetic and disease-modifying treatment of the M and AH phenotype.

scholarly journals Targeting Wnt Signaling in Endometrial Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2351
Author(s):  
Iram Fatima ◽  
Susmita Barman ◽  
Rajani Rai ◽  
Kristina W. Thiel ◽  
Vishal Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Wnt Proteins ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Endometrial Carcinomas ◽  
Cycle Regulation

This review presents new findings on Wnt signaling in endometrial carcinoma and implications for possible future treatments. The Wnt proteins are essential mediators in cell signaling during vertebrate embryo development. Recent biochemical and genetic studies have provided significant insight into Wnt signaling, in particular in cell cycle regulation, inflammation, and cancer. The role of Wnt signaling is well established in gastrointestinal and breast cancers, but its function in gynecologic cancers, especially in endometrial cancers, has not been well elucidated. Development of a subset of endometrial carcinomas has been attributed to activation of the APC/β-catenin signaling pathway (due to β-catenin mutations) and downregulation of Wnt antagonists by epigenetic silencing. The Wnt pathway also appears to be linked to estrogen and progesterone, and new findings implicate it in mTOR and Hedgehog signaling. Therapeutic interference of Wnt signaling remains a significant challenge. Herein, we discuss the Wnt-activating mechanisms in endometrial cancer and review the current advances and challenges in drug discovery.

Challenges of Fear Conditioning Research in the Age of RDoC

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Jan Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. As the criticism of the definition of the phenotype (i.e., clinical diagnosis) represents the major focus of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, it is somewhat surprising that discussions have not yet focused more on specific conceptual and procedural considerations of the suggested RDoC constructs, sub-constructs, and associated paradigms. We argue that we need more precise thinking as well as a conceptual and methodological discussion of RDoC domains and constructs, their interrelationships as well as their experimental operationalization and nomenclature. The present work is intended to start such a debate using fear conditioning as an example. Thereby, we aim to provide thought-provoking impulses on the role of fear conditioning in the age of RDoC as well as conceptual and methodological considerations and suggestions to guide RDoC-based fear conditioning research in the future.

Business Model Literature Overview

2014 ◽  
pp. 79-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ales Novak
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Business Logic ◽  
Literature Overview ◽  
Ifrs 9 ◽  
Definition Of

The term ?business model' has recently attracted increased attention in the context of financial reporting and was formally introduced into the IFRS literature when IFRS 9 Financial Instruments was published in November 2009. However, IFRS 9 did not fully define the term ‘business model'. Furthermore, the literature on business models is quite diverse. It has been conducted in largely isolated fashion; therefore, no generally accepted definition of ?business model' has emerged. Therefore, a better understanding of the notion itself should be developed before further investigating its potential role within financial reporting. The aim of this paper is to highlight some of the perceived key themes and to identify other bases for grouping/organizing the literature based on business models. The contributions this paper makes to the literature are twofold: first, it complements previous review papers on business models; second, it contains a clear position on the distinction between the notions of the business model and strategy, which many authors identify as a key element in better explaining and communicating the notion of the business model. In this author's opinion, the term ‘strategy' is a dynamic and forward-looking notion, a sort of directional roadmap for future courses of action, whereas, ‘business model' is a more static notion, reflecting the conceptualisation of the company's underlying core business logic. The conclusion contains the author's thoughts on the role of the business model in financial reporting.

The Role of Moral Education on the Dress Code in the Higher Learning Institution

Sains Insani ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Ira Meilita Ibrahim ◽  
Taufik A. Latif ◽  
Afi Roshezry Abu Bakar ◽  
Muthualagan Thangavelu
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Private University ◽  
Public University ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Dress Code ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

The advancement of European dress to the rest of the world was linked to the definition of civilization as “a stage of social development considered to be more advanced” and “polite and good-mannered”. The widespread of their fashion style in the 19th and 20th centuries influenced the way the rest of the world attire. The fashion trend and dressing style thus change the purpose of dressing through time. The dressing style in campuses especially in private institutions of higher learning is under particular scrutiny, as it is often said to be inappropriate for a learning environment. This study looked at the importance of moral education, and its role in implementing the dress code for students among university students especially between two types of university i.e. public university and private university. It looked on the dressing style of students, both male and female, and the factors that lead to their dressing pattern which is common among students. This study also advocated the students’ understanding of the content of dress codes in their learning institution and the role played by moral education in regard to dress code. The overall study highlighted students’ perception towards the implementation of the dress code and punishment in their learning institution. The methodologies used to carry out this study are questionnaires and interviews. This study will therefore ascertain the important of dress code among students at higher learning institution and the role of moral education in cultivating values in order to dress properly or decently. Key Words: moral education, dress code, higher learning institution, civilization.

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