scholarly journals Heavy Metal Concentrations in Fish from River Tano in Ghana and the Health Risks Posed to Consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
A. J. Nyantakyi ◽  
S. Wiafe ◽  
O. Akoto ◽  
Bernard Fei-Baffoe
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Fish Muscles ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Mormyrus Rume

Appreciable levels of trace metals have been reported in the Tano basin, but data on the corresponding levels in fish and the risk they pose to consumers are limited. The levels of 7 trace metals in 18 fish muscles were assessed between November 2016 and October 2017 using acid digestion and PerkinElmer (PinAACle 900T) Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Apart from Cu, all the metals studied were detected in all fish samples. The levels of Cr, As, and Hg were higher than the acceptable levels of fish muscles. Cr concentration ranged from 16.10 ± 0.2 mg/kg in Clarias gariepinus to 57.9 ± 4.2 mg/kg in Sarotherodon galilaeus. The levels of As ranged from 1.01 ± 0.08 in Clarias gariepinus to 3.00 ± 0.01 mg/kg in Mormyrus rume. Hg level was 0.58 ± 0.69 mg/kg in Oreochromis niloticus and 2.52 ± 0.70 mg/kg in Ctenopoma kingsleyae. However, Pb, Zn, and Cd concentrations were below the Food and Agriculture Organization limits with low target hazard quotients in all fish samples, suggesting no possible noncarcinogenic risks to adult consumers. Possible noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks were recorded for As, Hg, and Cr in all fish species. Strong associations were observed between Hg, As, Zn, and Cr and between Pb and Cd suggesting a possible common source. Mormyrus rume fish species was under stress in the river, but the remaining species were in good condition. Periodic monitoring of trace metal concentrations in fish and enforcement of the buffer zone policy are recommended.

scholarly journals Contamination and oxidative stress biomarkers in estuarine fish following a mine tailing disaster

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Â. Gabriel ◽  
Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis ◽  
Lorena Soares ◽  
Ana Carolina A. Mazzuco ◽  
Rafael Christian Chavez Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
Muscle Tissues

Background The Rio Doce estuary, in Brazil, was impacted by the deposition of iron mine tailings, caused by the collapse of a dam in 2015. Based on published baseline datasets, the estuary has been experiencing chronic trace metal contamination effects since 2017, with potential bioaccumulation in fishes and human health risks. As metal and metalloid concentrations in aquatic ecosystems pose severe threats to the aquatic biota, we hypothesized that the trace metals in estuarine sediments nearly two years after the disaster would lead to bioaccumulation in demersal fishes and result in the biosynthesis of metal-responsive proteins. Methods We measured As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Se and Zn concentrations in sediment samples in August 2017 and compared to published baseline levels. Also, trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se and Zn) and protein (metallothionein and reduced glutathione) concentrations were quantified in the liver and muscle tissues of five fish species (Cathorops spixii, Genidens genidens, Eugerres brasilianus, Diapterus rhombeus and Mugil sp.) from the estuary, commonly used as food sources by local populations. Results Our results revealed high trace metal concentrations in estuarine sediments, when compared to published baseline values for the same estuary. The demersal fish species C. spixii and G. genidens had the highest concentrations of As, Cr, Mn, Hg, and Se in both, hepatic and muscle, tissues. Trace metal bioaccumulation in fish was correlated with the biosynthesis of metallothionein and reduced glutathione in both, liver and muscle, tissues, suggesting active physiological responses to contamination sources. The trace metal concentrations determined in fish tissues were also present in the estuarine sediments at the time of this study. Some elements had concentrations above the maximum permissible limits for human consumption in fish muscles (e.g., As, Cr, Mn, Se and Zn), suggesting potential human health risks that require further studies. Our study supports the high biogeochemical mobility of toxic elements between sediments and the bottom-dwelling biota in estuarine ecosystems.

Effects of Drying Methods on the Biochemical Composition and Organoleptic Properties of Two Freshwater Fish Species (Mormyrus rume and Labeo coubie) of Cross River Obubra, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Fish And Fishery Products ◽  
Mormyrus Rume

Consumers all over the world are increasingly becoming aware of the health and nutrition status of fish and fishery products. There have develop some preference for fish species and even their processing methods. This study aims to investigate the effects of two drying methods (smoking and oven drying) on the biochemical components and organoleptic properties of two less preferred food fishes abundant in the study area. The fish samples Mormyrus rume and Labeo coubie were purchased from fresh landings of fishermen at Ahaha beach. The biochemical assay of the moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were conducted in the labouratory using standard methods. The proximate composition of raw M. rume was determined as moisture 70.38%, protein 17.43%, carbohydrate 1.13%, fat 5.93% and ash 2.77% while oven dried were 18.78, 63.85, 3.37, 8.73 and 7.58% respectively. All the proximate parameters and gross energy level investigated were higher (p < 0.05) in M. rume except the moisture content of dried samples of L. coubie. The mineral content were in the order Ca < Mg < Fe < Na < P and < K in both species and were higher in M. rume except Na. The drying methods showed increase in the proximate and mineral compositions in the order raw < smoking and < oven drying except moisture content that decreased respectively is both species. Organoleptic properties revealed that dried samples (smoked and oven) were not significantly different (p < 0.05) in taste, flavour, texture and overall acceptance, however while oven dried had better colour (4.33), smoked dried taste (4.63) better. The drying methods shows concentration of the required nutrients in human diets and were also found to be most palatable by the panellist. To improve fish nutrient quality smoke and oven drying should be encourage.

scholarly journals Diversity of Bacteria and Fungi Associated with Freshwater Fishes from Mijawal River, Nasarawa, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-2020
Author(s):  
K.M. Adamu ◽  
H. Muhammad ◽  
S.U. Ahmad ◽  
M.M. Ahmad ◽  
A.M. Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Tilapia Zillii ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Mormyrus Rume

Understudying the presence of bacteria and fungi population on freshwater fishes, provides the knowledge and understanding of their diversity and potential roles they may play in the health of the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The present study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of bacteria and fungi species of identified fish samples from River Mijawal, Nasarawa State. The fishes were sampled from the only landing for three months (October to December, 2019) for this study. During the sampling periods, thirteen (13) different fish species were identified; they were  swabbed with sterilized swab stick from the skin surface for bacteria and fungi identification. The Dominant fish species were Tilapia zillii, Labeo senegalensis, Mormyrus rume and Mormyrus tapines. The total number of thirteen (13) bacterial and five (5) fungi species were isolated and  identified. Eight (8) of the bacteria isolates, were gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas sp, Aeromonas sp, Serratia mercescenes, Proteus sp, Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, and Enterobacter sp.); whilst the other five (5) were gram positive bacteria (Bacillus sp, Micrococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Enterococcus sp and Listeria monocytogenes).The five isolated fungi species were Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp, Penicillium  sp, Trichoderma viridae and Geotrichum candidum. The frequency of occurrence of the isolated bacteria indicated that Staphylococcus sp had the highest frequency of occurrence (16.67%) while Serratia mercescens had the least occurrence (2.78%). The highest number of occurrence of the isolated fungi species was observed in Rhizopus sp while the least was recorded in Geotricum candidum. It was observed that Tilapia zillii and  Mormyrus rume had the most frequent bacteria and fungi isolates. It can therefore be deduced from the results that fish samples identified from River Mijawal has high bacteria and fungi diversity that may be pathogenic to man. The occurrence of these microbes may be attributed of human  and animal faeces in the River  Keywords: Freshwater fishes, Microbes, River Mijawal, Nasarawa  

scholarly journals Proximate composition of commercially important fish species in southern Gulf of Lake Tana, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirut Geremew ◽  
Melesse Abdisa ◽  
Goraw Goshu
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Genital Papilla ◽  
Lake Tana ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Gross Energy

The aim of the study was to determine the proximate composition of each sex of Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus and Labeobarbus intermedius fish species from the southern Gulf of Lake Tana, Ethiopia. The fish samples were collected during the dry season of 2014 from the three fish landing sites, i.e., Bata, Micheal and Giorgis, where local fishermen sell their catches. Species were identified via morphological examination and color. Sexes were identified by observing genital papilla and gonads after dissection. After measuring weight and length of young fish species, fish weighing 201-310 g were selected for the study. A total of 72 fish, eight and four fish per species and sexes were selected, respectively, for each site. The sample size was determined using “resource equation" method. Only edible fillet was labeled and transferred to plastic bags according to species and sex. Then the sample was transported for proximate analysis to Addis Ababa Food Science and Nutrition laboratory using icebox at about 4 °C. Fish sample composites were prepared by taking the fish samples from the three fish landing sites for each sex and species. Samples were thawed at room temperature and oven-dried at 60 °C for 72 h, then ground into a fine powder. Proximate composition was determined following the procedure of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Data analysis was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Nutrient content significantly varied among fish species; more protein was recorded from O. niloticus and fat from L. intermedius. Also, fat, ash and gross energy content were different between sexes; female fish contained significantly more fat and gross energy than males. In conclusion, consumers are advised to consume these species to obtain required nutrients.

scholarly journals Assessment of Levels of Some Metals in Water and Fish from Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
J. D. Dabak ◽  
L. J. Dabal ◽  
A. G. Jakwa ◽  
E. A. Ajiji
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Toxicity Risk ◽  
Plateau State

Aim: This study was designed to assess the levels of chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) in water and fish to monitor the toxicity risk of consuming these fish. Place and Duration of Studies: The water and fish samples were obtained from Farin gada river, Liberty Dam, Dahwol-Tohort and Diye-Tohort mining ponds, all within Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria, between March and April, 2018. Methodology: Water and six fish species samples were collected from four different locations, digested and analysed using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, model 210VGP. Results: Farin gada river had all the four metals studied in varying concentrations in the following order Mn>Ni>Co>Cr with Mn having the highest mean concentration of 0.4133±0.0100 mg/L. The concentrations of the metals in the other three sources were in the order of Ni>Co>Cr with Mn not detected. Cr also was not detected in Lamingo Dam. The concentrations of Mn and Ni in all the water sources were higher than the World Health Organisation (WHO) maximum permissible limits of 0.05 mg/L and 0.06 mg/L respectively. Petrocephalus bovei recorded the highest mean concentrations of Mn and Ni, while Co was highest in Clarias gariepinus species. The concentrations of these metals in the head, body and gills of the fish species showed that the head of Petrocephalus bovei species had the highest concentrations of all the metals except chromium. Fish species from other water sources exhibited the same general pattern of Head˃gill˃body except Co which was found to accumulate more in the body than in other parts of the fish. Conclusion: The results showed that there was biomagnification of these metals from water to the fish as the concentration of the metals in the fish far exceeded those of the water sources from which they were obtained and Petrocephalus bovei species has the highest potential to biomagnified all the metals.

scholarly journals Metal contamination and oxidative stress biomarkers in estuarine fish following a mine tailing disaster

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Ângelo Gabriel ◽  
Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis ◽  
Lorena Oliveira Souza Soares ◽  
Ana Carolina de Azevedo Mazzuco ◽  
Rafael Christian Chávez Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Estuarine Fish ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Metal Concentrations

AbstractThe Rio Doce estuary in Brazil was impacted by the deposition of mine tailings caused by the collapse of a mining dam in 2015. Since the disaster, the estuary is experiencing chronic trace metal contamination effects, but potential trace metal accumulation in fishes has not been reported. Trace metals in aquatic ecosystems pose severe threats to the aquatic biota, so we hypothesized that the accumulation of trace metals in estuarine sediments nearly two years after the disaster would cause contaminant bioaccumulation, resulting in the biosynthesis of metal-responsive proteins in fishes. We determined trace metal concentrations in sediment samples, metal concentrations, and quantified stress protein concentrations in the liver and muscle tissue of five different fish species in the estuary. Our results revealed high concentrations of trace metals in estuarine sediments when compared to published baseline values for this estuary. The demersal fish species Cathorops spixii and Genidens genidens had the highest Hg, As, Se, Cr, and Mn concentrations in both hepatic and muscle tissues. Metal bioaccumulation in fish was statistically correlated with the biosynthesis of metallothionein and reduced glutathione in both fish liver and muscle tissue. The trace metals detected in fish tissues resemble those in the contaminated sediments present at the estuary at the time of this study and were also significantly correlated to protein levels. Trace metals in fish muscle were above the maximum permissible limits for human consumption, suggesting potential human health risks that require further determination. Our study supports the high biogeochemical mobility of trace metals between contaminated sediments and local biota in estuarine ecosystems.

scholarly journals Assessment of seasonal and spatial variations of heavy metals in the muscles of Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus at Sharkia province, Egypt: Biochemistry and Histology Evaluation

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Farida A Mansour ◽  
Heba N Gad EL-Hak ◽  
Mahi A Ghobashy ◽  
Maha FM Soliman ◽  
Nahla S El-Shenawy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Fish Muscles

The most significant pollutants are the heavy metals in the aquatic network due to their toxicity, accumulation, and bio-magnification. In an attempt to characterize the physical-chemical and demonstrate the potential water impact of the heavy metal content of wastes in two lakes in Sharkia province, Egypt, this study was developed to determine their toxicity and the potential waste impacts in biochemistry and histology of fish muscle. Samples of water and fish muscles were collected and analyzed for heavy metals using atomic absorption of two different fish species (Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus) along two canals in Sharkia province in Egypt during the four seasons in 2018. The water samples were also analyzed for the physicochemical parameters. The impact of heavy metal on the enzymatic antioxidant (superoxide dismutase and catalase) as well as the reduced glutathione content, besides the oxidative stress marker presented by lipid peroxidation levels in fish muscles, were evaluated. Results showed the largest amount of chloride (Cl-) and iron (Fe) in the Sharkia water sample, while Faquas water sample had the highest level of HCO3 and iron (Fe). The manganese concentration in the fish muscle was the highest in Sharkia water and the highest level of Fe was detected in the fish muscles collected from Faquas area. These high levels of some of the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in the two lakes with two different wastes as seen in this study may be a source of water pollution. The highest accumulation of metals in the muscle of the two fish species, suggesting risk for human consumption. There were seasonal variations in the level of LPO in muscle tissue of two types of fishes with a reverse relationship with antioxidant parameters. This accumulation varied seasonal and spatial as well as according to the species of fish. Increasing the level of heavy metals effect on the biochemistry and histology of fish. Keywords: Heavy metals; Muscle; Oxidative/Antioxidant, Histology, Clarias gariepinus; Oreochromis niloticus

scholarly journals Concentration and Human Health Implications of Trace Metals in Fish of Economic Importance in Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngozi Oguguah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Lagos Lagoon

Background. The most significant sources of food-borne diseases are microbiological and chemical hazards. The health risk due to consumption of food from aquatic ecosystems contaminated with hazardous chemicals including metals has increased globally, especially in developing countries like Nigeria.Objectives. The concentration and human health implications of trace metals in fish of economic importance in Lagos lagoon were investigated by determining the degree of contamination with heavy metals of selected fish from Lagos lagoon and assessing the possible health risks associated with fish consumption.Methods. Fish of economic importance including Caranx hippos, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Elops lacerta, Galeoides decadactylus, Ilisha africana, Liza falcipinnis, Lutjanus goreensis, Mugil cephalus, Pseudotolithus senegalensis, Sarotherodon spp, Sphyraena spp, and Tilapia spp were bought from fishermen fishing in Lagos lagoon. The fish tissue samples were digested and analyzed in five replicates for heavy metals (lead, cadmium, iron, manganese and zinc) using a Varian AA600 atomic absorption spectrometer.Results. There were considerable variations in the concentrations of heavy metals among different species. The twelve fish species collected from Lagos lagoon were found to contain various concentrations of heavy metals and the levels of accumulation of these heavy metals varied across different species. Lead, cadmium, and manganese were present in all the studied fish species at higher concentrations than the maximum allowable concentrations in fish recommended by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO). The target hazard quotient (THQ) estimated for individual heavy metals through consumption of different fish species was less than 1 for all individual heavy metal in all the fish species.Conclusions. Controls on the dumping of wastes in the lagoon are needed, along with regular monitoring. Currently, no potential non-carcinogenic health risks from ingestion of a single heavy metal through consumption of these fish species was found.

scholarly journals Pah Content of Clarais gariepinus Harvested from Ekulu River, Eastern Nigeria Contaminated with Effluents Generated from a Roofing Sheet Industry Risk Impact Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Ubani, Chibuike S. ◽  
Nweze, Ekene J. ◽  
Aneke, Munachimso V. ◽  
Arazu, Amarachukwu V. ◽  
Okeke, Emmanuel S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Industry Risk ◽  
The City

Aim: This study evaluated PAH content and health risks associated with consuming Clarais gariepinus (cat fish) from Ekulu Rivers, in Enugu, Nigeria fed with roofing sheet company effluent. Place and Duration of Study Design: Ekulu River, the largest body of water in the city of Enugu in Enugu State, south-eastern Nigeria, is a 25-kilometer long river (16mi) and it originates in the same city as well. The city is located on latitude 06o 21o N and 06o 30o and longitude 07o 26o E and 07o 37 Eo. Methodology: This analysis was conducted with the use of Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) machine equipped with Flame ionization detector (FID). The health risks were evaluated by the mathematical models stipulated by USEPA and WHO. Results: The PAHs identified from the Clarias gariepinus samples were Acenaphthene, Acenaphthylene, Naphthalene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Flouranthene, Pyrene, Benzo(α)pyrene and Benzo (g-h-i)perylene. Benzo(α)pyrene and Benzo (g-h-i)perylene were predominant. The quantity of PAHs detected in all fish samples including the control ranged from below detectable limit (BDL) through 0.001 to 0.0786mg/kg. The LMW PAHs detected were 60 % while the HMW PAHs were 40 % of the total PAHs in isolated. The total PAH concentration observed from the different point locations were 0.1003 mg/kg, 0.0977 mg/kg, 0.1102 mg/kg and 0.0414 mg/kg for the downstream, upstream, POD and control respectively. The HQ and HI obtained in all point locations were < 1. The ILCR of all the PAHs detected were in the range of 10-5 to 10-9.  The benzo (α) pyrene in cat fish obtained from the POD has the most carcinogenic potency and also recorded the maximum limit (5E -03 mg/kg). Conclusion: it is pertinent to enlighten the fish consumers and mongers on the dangers posed by the consumption of fish from Ekulu River and also caution industries with injudicious effluent disposal into water bodies.

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