scholarly journals Proximate composition of commercially important fish species in southern Gulf of Lake Tana, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirut Geremew ◽  
Melesse Abdisa ◽  
Goraw Goshu
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Genital Papilla ◽  
Lake Tana ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Gross Energy

The aim of the study was to determine the proximate composition of each sex of Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus and Labeobarbus intermedius fish species from the southern Gulf of Lake Tana, Ethiopia. The fish samples were collected during the dry season of 2014 from the three fish landing sites, i.e., Bata, Micheal and Giorgis, where local fishermen sell their catches. Species were identified via morphological examination and color. Sexes were identified by observing genital papilla and gonads after dissection. After measuring weight and length of young fish species, fish weighing 201-310 g were selected for the study. A total of 72 fish, eight and four fish per species and sexes were selected, respectively, for each site. The sample size was determined using “resource equation" method. Only edible fillet was labeled and transferred to plastic bags according to species and sex. Then the sample was transported for proximate analysis to Addis Ababa Food Science and Nutrition laboratory using icebox at about 4 °C. Fish sample composites were prepared by taking the fish samples from the three fish landing sites for each sex and species. Samples were thawed at room temperature and oven-dried at 60 °C for 72 h, then ground into a fine powder. Proximate composition was determined following the procedure of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Data analysis was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Nutrient content significantly varied among fish species; more protein was recorded from O. niloticus and fat from L. intermedius. Also, fat, ash and gross energy content were different between sexes; female fish contained significantly more fat and gross energy than males. In conclusion, consumers are advised to consume these species to obtain required nutrients.

Impact of Ogun River pollution on antioxidants and proximate composition of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-184
Author(s):  
B. O. Onunkwor ◽  
T. O. Akinpelu ◽  
O. J. Oladipupo ◽  
R. N. Ugbaja ◽  
O. J. Olaoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ogun River

Most rivers in Nigeria are polluted without conscious efforts to abate ensuant consequences. Thus, Clarias gariepinus, an aquatic commercial food from Ogun River, Nigeria, was studied to investigate the impact of pollution on antioxidants and proximate composition. During the rainy season, 50 C. gariepinus (average weight 426.53 ± 24.40g and length 37.73 ± 0.95cm) were site sampled, 10 from each of Ago-Odo, Ago-Ika, Oke-Sokori, and Quarry along Ogun River course. Ajegunle-Adao cultured pond, served as control. The parameters assayed for included: some heavy metals and physico-chemical properties of sampled water, antioxidants and proximate composition of the fish samples. Physicochemical parameters of river studied showed that temperature of all sites ranged from 26 to 29°C, pH: 6.9 to 7.8, dissolved oxygen: 9.5 to 21.6, biochemical oxygen demand: 3.60 to 14.10, and chemical oxygen demand: 60 to 650. Lead (Pb) concentration ranged from 4.0 to 17.0 μg/L and cadmium (Cd): 0.0 to 6.0 μg/L. Blood Pb, Cd, activities of: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, plasma xanthine oxidase, and lipid peroxidation level of fish samples from Ago-Ika were most significantly (p < 0.05) high, with significant (p < 0.05) lowest reduced glutathione concentration amongst the samples from polluted sites when compared to control fish. Proximate analysis showed that the fish samples from Ogun River had significantly (p < 0.05) lower protein, fat contents, and higher nitrogen-free extract while Ago-Ika, Oke-Sokori and Quarry sites had significantly (p < 0.05) lower moisture, ash and fibre contents when compared with control. It can be concluded that the impact of pollution induced oxidative stress and significantly diminished the nutritional value of C. gariepinus from Ogun River.

Proximate composition of male and female African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and tilapia (Tilapia zilli) in Jega river, Kebbi state, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
W. M. Namaga ◽  
B. Yahaya ◽  
M. A. Salam
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Juvenile Female ◽  
Significant Difference

Fish is highly nutritious, tasty, and easily digestible. It is much sought after by a broad cross-section of the world’s population, particularly in developing countries as it provides the cheapest protein source. Nigeria is blessed with numerous inland freshwater rivers and lakes scattered all over the country. This freshwater habitat consists of many species of fish that have successfully dominated all niches over time and have for many reasons remained unstudied. The situation concealed a lot of scientific information particularly on food security and safety to the inmates and the country at large. Jega River which transcended many States in the North-Western part of Nigeria to open into the river Niger is one of such rivers largely uncared for, study-wise. African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Tilapia zillii) have been wisely selected for the present proximate composition studies. The juveniles of these fishes were purchased from local fishermen in Mariner Waje landing site of the river which flows by Jega town, a local government area in Kebbi State, Nigeria. For the study, the methodology approved by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) was used to determine the proximate composition of the fishes. The highest percentage crude protein content of 49.18 ± 0.30% was observed in juvenile female C. gariepinus; while the lowest protein content of 39.22± 0.50% was observed in juvenile male T. zilli. The highest percentage lipid content of 11.75± 1.50% was observed in juvenile female tilapia; while the lowest percentage lipid content of 6.25± 0.29% was observed in male African catfish. The highest percentage fibre content of 4.00 ± 0.29% was observed in male and female C. gariepinus, while the lowest percentage fibre content of 0.75± 0.29% was observed in male tilapia. There were variations (p< 0.05) when the protein and lipid contents of both the species were compared with each other. There was also a significant difference (p< 0.05) when the carbohydrate contents were compared between the fish species, but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) when the fibre content was compared within the species. The analyses showed that both the male and female fish species studied had high protein contents.

scholarly journals Assessment of Levels of Some Metals in Water and Fish from Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
J. D. Dabak ◽  
L. J. Dabal ◽  
A. G. Jakwa ◽  
E. A. Ajiji
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Toxicity Risk ◽  
Plateau State

Aim: This study was designed to assess the levels of chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) in water and fish to monitor the toxicity risk of consuming these fish. Place and Duration of Studies: The water and fish samples were obtained from Farin gada river, Liberty Dam, Dahwol-Tohort and Diye-Tohort mining ponds, all within Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria, between March and April, 2018. Methodology: Water and six fish species samples were collected from four different locations, digested and analysed using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, model 210VGP. Results: Farin gada river had all the four metals studied in varying concentrations in the following order Mn>Ni>Co>Cr with Mn having the highest mean concentration of 0.4133±0.0100 mg/L. The concentrations of the metals in the other three sources were in the order of Ni>Co>Cr with Mn not detected. Cr also was not detected in Lamingo Dam. The concentrations of Mn and Ni in all the water sources were higher than the World Health Organisation (WHO) maximum permissible limits of 0.05 mg/L and 0.06 mg/L respectively. Petrocephalus bovei recorded the highest mean concentrations of Mn and Ni, while Co was highest in Clarias gariepinus species. The concentrations of these metals in the head, body and gills of the fish species showed that the head of Petrocephalus bovei species had the highest concentrations of all the metals except chromium. Fish species from other water sources exhibited the same general pattern of Head˃gill˃body except Co which was found to accumulate more in the body than in other parts of the fish. Conclusion: The results showed that there was biomagnification of these metals from water to the fish as the concentration of the metals in the fish far exceeded those of the water sources from which they were obtained and Petrocephalus bovei species has the highest potential to biomagnified all the metals.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of TPHs and bioaccumulation in some fresh fish species in the Qua lbeo River of Eket of Akwa lbom State in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
VE Okpashi ◽  
VN Ogugua ◽  
INE Onwurah ◽  
CS Ubani ◽  
TC Ezike
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
Red Snapper ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Fish Samples

This investigation was carried out in four different locations mapped out along the river bank. Twelve water samples were collected and six different fresh fish species that are frequently consumed were caught. They include: African red snapper (Lutjanus agennes), Yellow tail (Seriola lalandi), Barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), Atlantic Croker (Micropogonias undulates), Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Samples were subjected to screening using gas chromatography and flame ionization detector instrument. Results revealed presence of  total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contaminant in all the fish samples and varies with species significantly at p >0.05. The profound TPH compound is Nonane with molecular formula C9H20. 9 x 10-9 mg/l was adapted as Nonane concentration in water samples. Nonane concentration in fish samples showed African red snapper 3.9565±4.64648 mg/l, Yellow tail 8.7243±2.15546 mg/l, Barracuda 6.2555±0.48889 mg/l, Atlantic Croker 9.3866±0.42208 mg/l, Catfish 4.1973±1.52959 mg/l and Tilapia 6.0039±0.96487 mg/l respectively. The bioaccumulation factor varies in fish species, where the Yellow tail have higher bioaccumulation factor 969,369061, followed by Barracuda 695,067209, Tilapia 667,101072, Catfish 466,368366, African red Sniper 439,616275 and Crocker fish 104,2956024 respectively. This investigation reveal considerably the extent of bioaccumulation of TPH contaminants in aquatic animal models and making unsafe for consumption as some fishes bio-accumulate nonane beyond permissible limitBangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(2), 147-154, 2016

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Concentrations in Fish from River Tano in Ghana and the Health Risks Posed to Consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
A. J. Nyantakyi ◽  
S. Wiafe ◽  
O. Akoto ◽  
Bernard Fei-Baffoe
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Fish Muscles ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Mormyrus Rume

Appreciable levels of trace metals have been reported in the Tano basin, but data on the corresponding levels in fish and the risk they pose to consumers are limited. The levels of 7 trace metals in 18 fish muscles were assessed between November 2016 and October 2017 using acid digestion and PerkinElmer (PinAACle 900T) Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Apart from Cu, all the metals studied were detected in all fish samples. The levels of Cr, As, and Hg were higher than the acceptable levels of fish muscles. Cr concentration ranged from 16.10 ± 0.2 mg/kg in Clarias gariepinus to 57.9 ± 4.2 mg/kg in Sarotherodon galilaeus. The levels of As ranged from 1.01 ± 0.08 in Clarias gariepinus to 3.00 ± 0.01 mg/kg in Mormyrus rume. Hg level was 0.58 ± 0.69 mg/kg in Oreochromis niloticus and 2.52 ± 0.70 mg/kg in Ctenopoma kingsleyae. However, Pb, Zn, and Cd concentrations were below the Food and Agriculture Organization limits with low target hazard quotients in all fish samples, suggesting no possible noncarcinogenic risks to adult consumers. Possible noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks were recorded for As, Hg, and Cr in all fish species. Strong associations were observed between Hg, As, Zn, and Cr and between Pb and Cd suggesting a possible common source. Mormyrus rume fish species was under stress in the river, but the remaining species were in good condition. Periodic monitoring of trace metal concentrations in fish and enforcement of the buffer zone policy are recommended.

Natural origins of off-flavours in fish related to feeding habits

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zs.Gy. Papp ◽  
É. Kerepeczki ◽  
F. Pekár ◽  
D. Gál
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Human Detection ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Samples

The objective of our study was to survey the accumulated 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin (GSM) in fillets of five important farmed fish species in Hungarian aquaculture in relation to MIB and GSM concentrations in water and sediment in the aquatic systems where they were raised: (the planktivorous silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), the herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), the bottom-feeding omnivorous common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the omnivorous tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the carnivorous African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)). Water, sediment and fish samples were collected from different experimental aquatic systems which included a combined aquaculture–algae (CAA) system, effluent-fed fishponds, a pond recycling system and a traditional fishpond. MIB and GSM contents were extracted with distillation-headspace solid-phase – microextraction (SPME) and extracts analysed by GC-MS. Results showed that off-flavour contents in fish fillets were related to the feeding habits of the studied fish species. Higher GSM concentrations were found in the fillet of bottom-feeding common carp than in the silver carp or African catfish in all studied aquatic systems. Usually, low GSM concentrations were detected in the water of fishponds but sometimes the levels of this odour compound in carp fillet were well above the limits of human detection. This suggests that the off-flavour tainting of common carp may originate from the sediment or benthic algal/actinomycete sources. Negligible MIB levels were found in all samples in all of the studied aquatic systems.

scholarly journals Physicochemical composition of different parts of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plant

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
S. Idris ◽  
Rosnah Shamsudin ◽  
M.Z.M. Nor ◽  
M.N. Mokhtar ◽  
S.S. Abdul Gani
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Cassava Plant ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Parts

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the main sources of carbohydrate and it is a useful plant in Malaysia. Its root is used to produce various foods such as cassava chips, while the other parts are potentially to produce feeds and other useful products. However, details observation in the proximate composition of each part of the cassava plant is important in utilizing it as an animal feed, especially for the ruminants. Hence, this research was conducted to evaluate the proximate composition of each part in the cassava plant and characterized its functional groups using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the thermal properties using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results obtained showed that the portions of fresh cassava plants namely flesh, stem, peel, discarded tuber and the leaf were recorded at 50.06%, 31.01%, 10.63%, 6.92% and 1.49% (w/w), respectively. Proximate analysis showed that the leaf has potential as animal feed as it contains significant high in crude protein (28.02±0.10%), crude fat (5.63± 0.12%) and the gross energy value of 4824.3 g/cal. Even though the leaf has a higher cyanide content (0.02 mg/kg) than other parts, it is still in acceptable range as an ingredient in animal feed. For animal feed that focuses on high protein and gross energy, the leaf has potential in feed ingredients. Meanwhile, cassava flesh also has potential as an animal feed since it has low crude fiber (2.11±0.03%) but high in carbohydrate (92.66±1.88%) and gross energy content (4223.9 cal/g). FTIR spectra showed that there were different functional groups present in the samples. From the TGA data, it showed that the major components in samples were cellulose which started to decompose rapidly at maximum degradation rate temperature of 315-400°C, especially for flesh and discarded tuber. Different parts of cassava plants are expected to help the agriculture industry in producing alternative animal feed at the same time minimizing the impact of waste generated in the environment.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies on the Proximate Composition of the Various Body Part of Clarias gariepinus and Scomber scomrus

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-618
Author(s):  
K.U. Ogbe ◽  
O.I. Omada
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Scomber Scombrus ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Fish Samples

Study on the proximate a composition of flesh and other body parts of Clarias gariepinus and scomber scombrus was carried out in January, 2020  using standard procedures. For Clarias gariepinus the highest protein (25.69%) was observed in the head, followed by flesh (21.70%) and while the  lowest protein (18.61%) was discovered in the bone. Highest fats (3.61%) was recorded in the flesh, followed by head (2.25) while (0.80%) recorded in the fins as the lowest fats. In fibre the highest (1.87%) was observed in head followed by (1.72) in the bone. The lowest fibre (0.60%) was reported in the flesh. The highest ash (22.03%) was recorded in fins, followed by bone (19.83%) while the lowest (1.30%) was discovered in the flesh. The highest moisture (75.76%) was recorded in the flesh, followed by fins (73.23) while the lowest (56.48%) was observed in the head. For scomber scombrusthe highest protein (29.44%) was observed in the head, followed by bone (28.40%) and while the lowest protein (24.30%) was discovered in the flesh. Highest fats (6.42%) was recorded in the flesh, followed by head (1.48%) while (0.95%) recorded in the bone as the lowest fats. In fibre the highest (1.11%) was observed in fin followed by (0.69%) in the flesh. The lowest fibre (0.59%) was reported in the head. The highest ash (6.37%) was  recorded in  head, followed by bone (5.07%) while the lowest (0.33%) was discovered in the flesh .The highest moisture (68.68%) was recorded in the flesh, followed by head (66.56%) while the lowest (37.20%) was observed in the fin. .The highest carbohydrate (5.58%) was recorded in the bone, followed by fin (5.28%). The study showed that the best body parts in terms protein content of the two fish samples were the head. The Head has the highest crude protein content thus it can be recommended as a possible effective ways to solve protein malnutrition Keywords: proximate, Scomber scombrus, Clarias gariepinus, head, flesh, fins, bones

scholarly journals Ichthyofaunal composition and diversity of Stubbs Creek, Ibeno, in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
Henry Robert Anwan ◽  
Martins Agenuma Anetekhai
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Identification Guide ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Ecosystem Diversity ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

The fish abundance and distribution of Stubbs Creek were examined in order to provide information for the management and sustainable exploitation of the ecosystem services. Fish samples obtained from the fishermen landing sites were identified using FAO species identification guide. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Species diversity and community abundance were determined using Shannon-Weiver diversity index (H) and Margalef's species richness (d). Twenty nine fish species, twenty two genera in nineteen families and eight orders were identified from the three landing stations during the study. Station 1 (Iwokpom) recorded the highest taxa (24) consisting of 993 fishes (43.14%) of the total catch. Landing site 2 (Iwuchang) and 3 (Ubenekang) both recorded 22 taxa each comprising 556 (24.15%) and 753 (32.71%) fishes, respectively. Iwokpom recorded the highest diversity in fish species d = 3.333, but the lowest general ecosystem diversity (H = 2.781). Ubenekang (Station 3) had the lowest species richness d = 3.17, but recorded the highest biodiversity (H = 2.839) in the study. Evenness was generally high among the stations but Iwopom recorded the lowest value of e = 0.6722 and Ubenekang had the highest, e = 0.7769. Iwuchang (Station 2) came next to Iwopon in species richness d = 3.322, but was next to Ubenekang in general diversity (H = 2.833) and evenness e = 0.7725, respectively. The present study indicated that stub creek is rich in fish biodiversity. Therefore users of this water body should maintain responsible fishing activities in order to conserve this biodiversity.

scholarly journals Estimation of Length-Weight Relationship and Proximate Composition of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) from Two Different Culture Facilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Olaniyi Alaba Olopade ◽  
Mercy Gbaramana ◽  
Nenibarini Zabbey
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Earthen Ponds ◽  
Concrete Tank

This study was carried out to determine and compare the proximate composition and length weight relationship of C. gariepinus from two culture systems (earthen and concrete ponds). The fish samples were collected from three fish farms with same cultural condition in different areas of Obio-akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Result on the length- weight relationship revealed that C.gariepinus reared in concrete tank had a total length of 15.50- 49.00cm with a mean of 32.71cm and weight of 150-625g, while total length of C. gariepinus reared in the earthen pond ranged from 19.90-58.0cm with a mean of 39.8cm and weight of 195-825g. The T- test shows that the total length of earthen pond were significantly higher than the concrete tank and the weight in the earthen pond was significantly higher than the concrete tank. Parameters of proximate composition analysed were moisture, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash and fiber from the fish flesh. Protein content showed a significantly higher in the earthen ponds than the concrete tanks. Ash contents varied from 1.5±1.66-7.4±0.67% in the concrete tanks and were significantly higher than the earthen ponds which ranged from 3.1±0.94-4.5±2.11%. Lipid was significantly higher in earthen ponds than concrete tanks. Generally, the two culture systems have a significant influence on length–weight relationship and nutritional value of C. gariepinus. However, C. gariepinus reared in concrete tank had a heavier body weight than earthen pond and also C. gariepinus reared in earthen pond had highest nutritive values than the concrete tank.

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