scholarly journals Genetic Differentiation for Gene Diversity among Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) Landraces As Revealed by SSR Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lardia Ali Bougma ◽  
Mahamadi Hamed Ouédraogo ◽  
Adjima Ouoba ◽  
Abdou Azaque Zouré ◽  
Nerbéwendé Sawadogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Cultivated Populations ◽  
New Alleles

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is one the most important crops in Burkina Faso. Knowledge of the genetic parameters of different pearl millet landraces grown in Burkina Faso is of great importance for improvement and breeding programs of pearl millet. In this study, 20 pairs of SSR markers were used to compare and analyze the genetic diversity of 86 landrace populations. Results show a total of 67 alleles detected and each locus varies between 2 and 6 with an average of 4 alleles per marker. The probability to having two different alleles per locus was 0.61. The values of genetic diversity parameters of pearl millet populations from the northern region of the country were higher than those from the others regions. The analysis indicates that, over time, alleles are lost and new alleles are added. Analysis of molecular variance showed genetic variation was primarily a function of differences in cultivated populations. Most pairwise FST comparisons between provenances were at a statistically significant level. Our study will provide a scientific basis for the effective management and utilization of germplasm resources of pearl millet populations.

Genetic diversity of Sudanese pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) landraces as revealed by SSR markers, and relationship between genetic and agro-morphological diversity

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elfadil M. A. Bashir ◽  
Abdelbagi M. Ali ◽  
Adam M. Ali ◽  
El Tahir I. Mohamed ◽  
Albrecht E. Melchinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Morphological Diversity

scholarly journals Screening of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Germplam Lines for Drought Tolerance Based on Morpho-physiological Traits and SSR Markers

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-63
Author(s):  
M. L. Choudhary ◽  
M. K. Tripathi ◽  
Sushma Tiwari ◽  
R. K. Pandya ◽  
Neha Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Major Allele Frequency ◽  
Morphological And Physiological Traits

Aim: The present study was undertaken to analyze genetic diversity among pearl millet genotypes based on drought linked morpho-physiological and microsatellite markers. Study Design: In the present investigation, 96 pearl millet germplasm lines were screened against drought using different morphological and physiological traits along with SSR markers. Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted at College of Agriculture, Gwalior, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, M.P., India during July 2019 to December, 2020. Methodology: The study was conducted to record different morphological and physiological traits related to drought tolerance and susceptibility. Thirty five microsatellite markers were also used in laboratory to analyze the variability among pearl millet genotypes under study. Results: Pearl millet genotypes were grouped according to their morpho-physiological characteristics. Among 35 SSR markers, twenty-two were successfully amplified across all germplasm lines and seven SSR markers were found to be polymorphic and fifteen markers were monomorphic. All seven polymorphic SSR markers were used consequently for amplification of all the 96 germplasm lines. The range of PIC value was 0.0939 to 0.2980 with the average of 0.2274. The highest PIC value was recorded for the markers Xibmsp26 and Xibmsp29 (0.2980), followed by Xibmsp03 (0.2392), Xibmsp29 (0.2392), Xibmsp06 (0.2289) and Xibmsp07 (0.1948) while the lowest for the marker Xibmsp01 (0.0939). The range of major allele frequency value was 0.7604 to 0.9479 with the average of 0.8363. The range of genetic diversity value was 0.0987 to 0.3644 with the average of 0.2665. Conclusions: According to the morpho-physiological data a total of 22 pearl millet genotypes were found to be grouped distantly from rest of the genotypes. These genotypes had shown their drought tolerance bahaviour however, rests of the genotypes were found to be susceptible against drought.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Released Hybrids and Varieties of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
Supriya Ambawat ◽  
C. Tara Satyavathi ◽  
Rajbala Meena ◽  
Vikas Khandelwal ◽  
R. C. Meena
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Varietal Identification ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Diversity Studies

Pearl millet is a climate-resilient crop which is most widely grown in the arid and semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa over 26 mha. It is a highly nutritious cereal crop and rightly termed as nutricereal. This crop requires low inputs and delivers high cost-effective benefits. Development of high yielding hybrids is the major target of pearl millet researchers globally. The understanding of genetic diversity is very important and must for developing superior hybrids and crop improvement programs. In the present study, we evaluated the diversity among 30 different released hybrids and varieties of pearl millet using 125 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. Out of these, 61 polymorphic SSRs were reported giving 191 alleles with an average of 3.13 alleles per primer. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) varied from 0.33 to 0.76 with an average of 0.55 PIC value. The cluster analysis based on these SSR markers categorized the genotypes into four major clusters viz., I, II, III, IV with similarity coefficient ranging from 0.58 to 0.73. The results depicted that sufficient genetic variability exists among the different hybrids and varieties used in the study which can further prove useful for pearl millet improvement programs. The study also reveals that SSR markers are proficient and may be used efficiently for genetic diversity studies in pearl millet. It is also anticipated that findings of this study may be further used for DNA fingerprinting and varietal identification.

Genetic diversity of the rice bean (Vigna umbellata) genepool as assessed by SSR markers

Genome ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 717-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tian ◽  
T. Isemura ◽  
A. Kaga ◽  
D.A. Vaughan ◽  
N. Tomooka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Rice Bean ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Asian Rice ◽  
Cultivated Populations ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Simple Sequence

The genetic diversity of 472 rice bean accessions (388 cultivated and 84 wild) from 16 Asian countries was evaluated by 13 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In total, 168 alleles were detected, and the numbers of alleles in cultivated and wild accessions were 129 and 132, respectively. The gene diversity in cultivated populations (0.565) was about 83% of that for wild (0.678) populations. Cultivated populations from Vietnam, Myanmar, Nepal, and India had the highest gene diversity (>0.5). East Asian accessions formed a distinct genepool. Indonesian cultivated accessions showed high genetic divergence from other cultivated populations and had the most similar genetic structure to wild accessions. In Nepalese cultivated accessions, many accessions from western regions were quite distinct from others and formed a specific group. These Nepalese accessions could be considered a unique gene source for rice bean breeding. In contrast, eastern Nepalese accessions showed an SSR profile similar to that of Southeast Asian rice beans. The present study represents the first comprehensive SSR analysis in cultivated and wild rice bean germplasm and clarifies geographical distribution of genetic profile that might be used to broaden the genetic base of currently grown rice bean cultivars.

scholarly journals Constraints to Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Production and Farmers’ Approaches to Striga hermonthica Management in Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8460
Author(s):  
Armel Rouamba ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Inoussa Drabo ◽  
Mark Laing ◽  
Prakash Gangashetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
South Central

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a staple food crop in Burkina Faso that is widely grown in the Sahelian and Sudano-Sahelian zones, characterised by poor soil conditions and erratic rainfall, and high temperatures. The objective of this study was to document farmers’ perceptions of the prevailing constraints affecting pearl millet production and related approaches to manage the parasitic weeds S. hermonthica. The study was conducted in the Sahel, Sudano-Sahelian zones in the North, North Central, West Central, Central Plateau, and South Central of Burkina Faso. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and focus group discussions involving 492 participant farmers. Recurrent drought, S. hermonthica infestation, shortage of labour, lack of fertilisers, lack of cash, and the use of low-yielding varieties were the main challenges hindering pearl millet production in the study areas. The majority of the respondents (40%) ranked S. hermonthica infestation as the primary constraint affecting pearl millet production. Respondent farmers reported yield losses of up to 80% due to S. hermonthica infestation. 61.4% of the respondents in the study areas had achieved a mean pearl millet yields of <1 t/ha. Poor access and the high cost of introduced seed, and a lack of farmers preferred traits in the existing introduced pearl millet varieties were the main reasons for their low adoption, as reported by 32% of respondents. S. hermonthica management options in pearl millet production fields included moisture conservation using terraces, manual hoeing, hand weeding, use of microplots locally referred to as ‘zaï’, crop rotation and mulching. These management techniques were ineffective because they do not suppress the below ground S. hermonthica seed, and they are difficult to implement. Integrated management practices employing breeding for S. hermonthica resistant varieties with the aforementioned control measures could offer a sustainable solution for S. hermonthica management and improved pearl millet productivity in Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity among cultivated Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum, Poaceae) accessions from Benin, West Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 782-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADEOTI Kifouli ◽  
DJEDATIN Gustave ◽  
EWEDJE Ebenezer ◽  
BEULE Thierry ◽  
SANTONI Sylvain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum

scholarly journals Genetic diversity studies for morphological traits in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) landraces of Northern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 060-070
Author(s):  
Abdulhakeem Abubakar ◽  
Olamide Ahmed Falusi ◽  
Matthew Omoniyi Adebola ◽  
Oladipupo Abdulazeez Yusuf Daudu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Diversity Studies

scholarly journals ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK PLASMA NUTFAH KAKAO (Theobroma cacaoL.) BERDASARKANMARKA SSR / Analysis of Genetic Variability Germplasm of Cacao (Theobroma cacaoL.)Basedon SSR Marker

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Surti Kurniasih ◽  
Rubiyo Rubiyo ◽  
Asep Setiawan ◽  
Agus Purwantara ◽  
Sudarsono Sudarsono
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Ssr Marker ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Simple Sequence

<p>Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have proven to be an excellent tool for cultivar identification, pedigree analysis, and genetic distance evaluations among organisms. The objectives of this research were to characterize cacao collection of Indonesian Coffee and Cacao Research Institute (ICCRI) and to analyze their genetic diversity using SSR markers. In this research, 39 SSR primer pairs were used to amplify genomic DNA of 29 cacao clones. Amplified SSR fragments for each primer pair were scored as individual band and used to determine genetic distance among evaluated cacao clones. Results of the experiment indicated that all SSR primer pairs evaluated were able to produce SSR markers for 29 cacao clones. The results also indicated that 34 out of 39 microsatellite loci evaluated were polymorphic, while 5 others were monomorphic. The total number of observed alleles among 29 clones was 132. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 4-8, with an average of 5.5 alelles per locus. Results of data analysis indicated that the PIC value was 0.665, the observed heterozigosity (Ho) was 0.651, and the gene diversity (He) was 0.720. The PIC, Ho, and He values were considered high. Genetic distances were evaluated using NTSys version 2.1 and dendrogram was constructed. Results of analysis indicated that 12 cacao clones evaluated were clustered in the first group with diversity coefficient of &lt; 3.75. Nine cacao clones were in the second group but with the same value of diversity coefficient (&lt;7.50). The rest of the cacao clones were in the third group with diversity coefficient of&gt;7.50. Based on those finding, all SSR primer pairs evaluated could be used to analyze cacao genome and be useful for genetic diversity analysis of cacao germplasm. The SSR marker analysis in ICCRI cacao collections resulted in high PIC, high observed heterozygosity, and high genetic diversity.</p><p>Key words: Theobroma cacao L, microsatelite, molecular marker, genetic diversity, heterozygosity</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Marka mikrosatelit atau sekuens sederhana berulang (simple sequence repeat = SSR) terbukti merupakan alat yang bagus untuk identifikasi kultivar, analisis pedigree, dan evaluasi jarak genetik berbagai organisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk:1) karakterisasi kakao koleksi Pusat penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia menggunakan marka SSR dan 2) analisis keragaman genetik klon-klon kakao koleksi dengan menggunakan marka SSR. Dalam penelitian ini, 39 pasangan primer SSR telah digunakan untuk amplifikasi DNA genomik dari 29 klon kakao. Skoring pita SSR hasil amplifikasi menggunakan masing-masing pasangan primer dilakukan secara terpisah dan digunakan untuk menentukan jarak genetik di antara klon kakao yang dievaluasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa semua pasangan primer SSR yang digunakan mampu menghasilkan pita DNA hasil amplifikasi (marka SSR) untuk 29 klon kakao yang diuji. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa 34 dari 39 lokus SSR yang dianalisis bersifat polimorfik sedangkan lima primer yang lain bersifat monomorfik. Dari 29 klon kakao yang dievaluasi, telah berhasil diamplifikasi sebanyak 132 alel, dengan kisaran antara 4-8 alel/lokus. Rataan jumlah alel per lokus sebanyak 5,50. Hasil analisis data yang dilakukan juga menunjukkan nilai PIC untuk marka SSR yang digunakan sebesar 0,665. Untuk populasi klon kakao yang dievaluasi, diperoleh nilai rataan heterosigositas pengamatan (Ho) sebesar 0,651 dan rataan diversitas gen (He) sebesar 0,720. Nilai PIC Ho dan He yang didapat tergolong tinggi. Berdasarkan analisis keragaman dengan menggunakan program NTSys, diperoleh hasil 12 klon kakao berada dalam grup pertama (koefisien keragaman&lt;3,75) dan9 klon berada dalam grup kedua, dengan koefisien keragaman &lt; 7,50. Sedangkan klon-klon lainnya mempunyai koefisien keragaman &gt; 7,50. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data disimpulkan bahwa marka SSR dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis keragaman genetik plasma nutfah kakao. Tingkat polimorfisme yang dihasilkan marka SSR relatif tinggi. Tingkat heterosigositas plasma nutfah kakao koleksi Puslit Kopi dan Kakao Indonesiarelatif tinggi, dan keragaman genetiknyacukup tinggi.</p><p>Kata kunci : Theobroma cacao L, mikrosatelit, marka molekuler, keragaman genetik, heterosigositas</p>

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of Cinnamomum camphora in South China Revealed by EST-SSR Markers

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong ◽  
Yang ◽  
Li ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
South China ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Arithmetic Means

Cinnamomum camphora is a valuable broad-leaf tree indigenous to South China and East Asia and has been widely cultivated and utilized by humans since ancient times. However, owing to its overutilization for essential oil extraction, the Transplanting Big Trees into Cities Program, and over deforestation to make furniture, its wild populations have been detrimentally affected and are declining rapidly. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population structure of 180 trees sampled from 41 populations in South China were investigated with 22 expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers. In total, 61 alleles were harbored across 180 individuals, and medium genetic diversity level was inferred from the observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and Nei’ gene diversity (GD), which were 0.45, 0.44, and 0.44, respectively. Among the 41 wild populations, C. camphora had an average of 44 alleles, 2.02 effective alleles, and He ranging from 0.30 (SC) to 0.61 (HK). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 17% of the variation among populations and the average pairwise genetic differentiation coefficient (FST) between populations was 0.162, indicating relatively low genetic population differentiations. Structure analysis suggested two groups for the 180 individuals, which was consistent with the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA). Populations grouped to cluster I were nearly all distributed in Jiangxi Province (except population XS in Zhejiang Province), and cluster II mainly comprised populations from other regions, indicating a significant geographical distribution. Moreover, the Mantel test showed that this geographical distance was significantly correlated with genetic distance. The findings of this research will assist in future C. camphora conservation management and breeding programs.

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