scholarly journals A Review of Novel Cardiac Biomarkers in Acute or Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Soluble ST2 (sST2), Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and Procalcitonin (PCT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Junpei Li ◽  
Tianyu Cao ◽  
Yaping Wei ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Ziyi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Soluble St2 ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Work Up

While the received traditional predictors are still the mainstay in the diagnosis and prognosis of CVD events, increasing studies have focused on exploring the ancillary effect of biomarkers for the aspiring of precision. Under which circumstances, soluble ST2 (sST2), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and procalcitonin (PCT) have recently emerged as promising markers in the field of both acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases. Existent clinical studies have demonstrated the significant associations between these markers with various CVD outcomes, which further verified the potentiality of markers in helping risk stratification and diagnostic and therapeutic work-up of patients. The current review article is aimed at illuminating the applicability of these four novels and often neglected cardiac biomarkers in common clinical scenarios, including acute myocardial infarction, acute heart failure, and chronic heart failure, especially in the emergency department. By thorough classification, combination, and discussion of biomarkers with clinical and instrumental evaluation, we hope the current study can provide insights into biomarkers and draw more attention to their importance.

scholarly journals Cardiac Biomarkers in the Emergency Department: The Role of Soluble ST2 (sST2) in Acute Heart Failure and Acute Coronary Syndrome—There is Meat on the Bone

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Aleksova ◽  
Alessia Paldino ◽  
Antonio Beltrami ◽  
Laura Padoan ◽  
Massimo Iacoviello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Acute Heart Failure ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Soluble St2 ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Increased Risk

Soluble ST2 (sST2) has recently emerged as a promising biomarker in the field of acute cardiovascular diseases. Several clinical studies have demonstrated a significant link between sST2 values and patients’ outcome. Further, it has been found that higher levels of sST2 are associated with an increased risk of adverse left ventricular remodeling. Therefore, sST2 could represent a useful tool that could help the risk stratification and diagnostic and therapeutic work-up of patients admitted to an emergency department. With this review, based on recent literature, we have built sST2-assisted flowcharts applicable to three very common clinical scenarios of the emergency department: Acute heart failure, type 1, and type 2 acute myocardial infarction. In particular, we combined sST2 levels together with clinical and instrumental evaluation in order to offer a practical tool for emergency medicine physicians.

scholarly journals The role of systemic inflammation in heart failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-517
Author(s):  
E V Khazova ◽  
O V Bulashova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Highly Sensitive

The discussion continues about the role of systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases of ischemic etiology. This article reviews the information on the role of C-reactive protein in patients with atherosclerosis and heart failure in risk stratification for adverse cardiovascular events, including assessment of factors affecting the basal level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein. Research data (MRFIT, MONICA) have demonstrated a relationship between an increased level of C-reactive protein and the development of coronary heart disease. An increase in the serum level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein is observed in arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance, which indicates the involvement of systemic inflammation in these disorders. Currently, the assessment of highly sensitive C-reactive protein is used to determine the risk of developing myocardial infarction and stroke. It has been proven that heart failure patients have a high level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein compared with patients without heart failure. The level of C-reactive protein is referred to as modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases of ischemic origin, since lifestyle changes or taking drugs such as statins, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, etc. reduce the level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein. In patients with heart failure with different left ventricular ejection fraction values, it was found that the regression of the inflammatory response is accompanied by an improvement in prognosis, which confirms the hypothesis of inflammation as a response to stress, which has negative consequences for the cardiovascular system.

Adiponectin in heart failure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Mado ◽  
Wioletta Szczurek ◽  
Mariusz Gąsior ◽  
Bożena Szyguła-Jurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Adiponectin Level ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Heart Failure Progression ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The adipose tissue, apart from storing energy, plays a role of an endocrine organ. One of the most important adipokines secreted by adipose tissue is adiponectin, which is also produced by cardiomyocytes and connective tissue cells within the heart. Adiponectin is known for its beneficial effect on the metabolism and cardiovascular system and its low level is a factor of development of many cardiovascular diseases. Paradoxically, in the course of heart failure, adiponectin level gradually increases with the severity of the disease and higher adiponectin level is a factor of poor prognosis. As a result, there is a growing interest in adiponectin as a marker of heart failure progression and a predictor of prognosis in the course of this disease.

scholarly journals Osteoprotegerin is a new marker of cardiovascular diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A F Verbovoy ◽  
I A Tsanava ◽  
E V Mitroshina ◽  
L A Sharonova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a glycoprotein that is a representative of the tumor necrosis factor-α receptor superfamily. Information about the possible role of OPG in the development of cardiovascular diseases has begun to appear in the literature in recent years. This review discusses the role of increasing the level of OPG in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and as a consequence of coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure.

scholarly journals Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in heart failure and chronic kidney disease: the role of empagliflozin

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 4349
Author(s):  
M. M. Batyushin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Organ Protection ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Favorable Safety

The development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor not only for cardiovascular diseases, but also for heart failure (HF). This article is a literary review on the use of Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (NGLT2) inhibitors in patients with CKD and HF. The paper describes in detail the action of NGLT2 inhibitors in the light of nephro- and cardioprotection. In addition to the glucosuric effect of NGLT2 inhibitors, they have a natriuretic and diuretic effect. One of the effects of NGLT2 inhibitors is the ability to lower blood pressure. One of the key effects of NGLT2 inhibitors, explaining nephroprotection, is the influence on glomerular filtration. The ability of NGLT2 inhibitors to suppress the peroxidation in mitochondria of proximal tubular epithelium was shown. Another putative mechanism of the organ protection action of NGLT2 inhibitors is their ability to inhibit the activation of the sympathetic nervous system.The results of studies using empagliflozin in HF and CKD are presented. In particular, the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study showed that in patients with type 2 diabetes and concomitant cardiovascular diseases, empagliflozin led to a 35% decrease in hospitalization risk due to decompensated HF and decrease of cardiovascular death risk by 38% regardless of baseline renal function. According to the EMPEROR-Reduced study, empagliflozin showed a favorable safety profile.

scholarly journals Rapid decline in ejection fraction and persistent elevation of troponin associated with cardiac amyloidosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2092325
Author(s):  
Temidayo Abe ◽  
Eric Y Chang ◽  
Gabrielle De Allie ◽  
Taiwo Ajose ◽  
Chukwuemeka Nwokike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Amyloidosis ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Transthyretin Amyloidosis ◽  
Progressive Heart Failure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Persistent Elevation

Cardiac amyloidosis is an increasingly recognized cause of heart failure. It remains underdiagnosed despite a significant morbidity and mortality rate. The mean survival in patients with cardiac amyloidosis is less than 1 year in untreated primary light-chain amyloidosis and less than 4 years in wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis. We report a unique case of a 78-year-old male with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis, who presented with persistently elevated troponin and progressive heart failure unresponsive to conventional therapy. With this case, we would like to highlight the role of cardiac biomarkers in the early diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis.

The Role of Clinical Scenarios in the Management of Acute Heart Failure

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. S143
Author(s):  
Akihiro Shirakabe ◽  
Noritake Hata ◽  
Shinya Yokoyama ◽  
Takurou Shinada ◽  
Nobuaki Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Scenarios
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