scholarly journals Cytogenotoxicity Evaluation of Young Adults Exposed to High Levels of Air Pollution in a Mexican Metropolitan Zone Using Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ana Elizabeth González-Santiago ◽  
Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González ◽  
Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda ◽  
Francisco Javier Gutiérrez-Corral ◽  
Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nuclear Abnormalities ◽  
Genotoxic Damage ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Metropolitan Zone

Air pollution has become a serious public health problem globally. Recent studies support the harmful effect of air pollution on human health, in addition to scientific evidence that recognizes it as a human carcinogen. The buccal micronucleus cytome (BMC) assay is employed extensively to measure cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in a population exposed to environmental contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in healthy young adults exposed to different levels of air pollution and to identify areas with air pollution rates above the regulatory limits. This study was performed through the BMC assay in oral mucosa samples from 80 healthy young adults from the Guadalajara metropolitan zone. Three highly contaminated areas were taken into account: Tlaquepaque, Miravalle, and Las Pintas. Las Aguilas, a less contaminated area, was used as a reference. The frequencies of nuclear abnormalities in the areas with the highest and lowest levels of air pollution were compared with the Mann–Whitney U test. In addition, an analysis of the concentration of environmental pollutants, particulate   matter ≤ 10   μ m (PM10), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO), were carried out in the mentioned areas, in order to identify the events above the regulatory limits in a year period. The results showed that young adults exposed to a higher concentration of pollutants showed higher frequencies of nuclear abnormalities. The individuals from the areas of Tlaquepaque, Miravalle, and Las Pintas showed cytotoxic damage since statistically significant differences were found in the abnormalities of pyknotic nuclei (PNs), condensed chromatin (CC), karyorrhexis (KX), and karyolysis (KL). The individuals who showed the most cytotoxic damage were from the Las Pintas area with higher frequencies in nuclear abnormalities (PNs, CC, KX, and KL) ( p < 0.0001 ). Genotoxic damage was found in individuals from two zones, Miravalle and Las Pintas, with statistically significant differences in the abnormality of nuclear buds (NBUDs) ( p < 0.0001 ). Our results suggest that exposure to high levels of air pollution in healthy young adults has an effect on cellular and nuclear integrity and thus in human health, since areas with higher air pollution showed an increase in cytotoxicity, specifically in early and late markers of cell death (CC, KX, PN, and KL) and genotoxic damage (BUDs).

An Insight Into Unani Hypoglycemic Drugs And Their Mechanism of Action

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Nikhat ◽  
Mohd. Fazil
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Action Mechanisms

Background: Diabetes mellitus type-II is a major public health problem characterized by hypo-insulinemia and insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia and its complications. In Unani medicine, it is known as ziyābetus. Several drugs are prescribed in Unani medicine as single and compound formulations for various abnormalities caused by the disease. Most of these drugs have been studied on scientific parameters and have shown significant activity in reducing the symptoms and complications of diabetes. Objectives: The literature research was planned with the objective to find out the action mechanisms of certain selected herbal drugs of Unani medicine, with evidence of their efficacy. Methods: Unani literature was first reviewed extensively and the most frequently-prescribed and easily available drugs for diabetes were selected, followed by a search on major internet search engines for scientific evidence of their efficacy alongwith information of their active ingredient and dosage. Ten drugs were selected for the present review. Results and Conclusion: There is convincing evidence to suggest that the selected drugs have a promising action against diabetes and its complications. Also, there are largely no adverse events reported and some of the preparation methods described in Unani medicine have been proven to reduce or eliminate the adverse events, if any.

scholarly journals Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) Targeting Protein Misfolding in Drug Discovery for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Priscila Baltazar Gonçalves ◽  
Ana Carolina Rennó Sodero ◽  
Yraima Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Common Cause

The potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) of the major bioactive compound of green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), is well documented. Numerous findings now suggest that EGCG targets protein misfolding and aggregation, a common cause and pathological mechanism in many NDs. Several studies have shown that EGCG interacts with misfolded proteins such as amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ), linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and α-synuclein, linked to Parkinson’s disease (PD). To date, NDs constitute a serious public health problem, causing a financial burden for health care systems worldwide. Although current treatments provide symptomatic relief, they do not stop or even slow the progression of these devastating disorders. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective drugs for these incurable ailments. It is expected that targeting protein misfolding can serve as a therapeutic strategy for many NDs since protein misfolding is a common cause of neurodegeneration. In this context, EGCG may offer great potential opportunities in drug discovery for NDs. Therefore, this review critically discusses the role of EGCG in NDs drug discovery and provides updated information on the scientific evidence that EGCG can potentially be used to treat many of these fatal brain disorders.

Air pollution, human health and the benefits of trees: a biomolecular and physiologic perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Patrick Mei ◽  
Vaishali Malik ◽  
Richard W. Harper ◽  
Juan M. Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health

scholarly journals Impacts of Microcystins on Morphological and Physiological Parameters of Agricultural Plants: A Review

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Alexandre Campos ◽  
El Mahdi Redouane ◽  
Marisa Freitas ◽  
Samuel Amaral ◽  
Tomé Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
The Impact

Cyanobacteria are a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes that pose a great concern in the aquatic environments related to contamination and poisoning of wild life and humans. Some species of cyanobacteria produce potent toxins such as microcystins (MCs), which are extremely aggressive to several organisms, including animals and humans. In order to protect human health and prevent human exposure to this type of organisms and toxins, regulatory limits for MCs in drinking water have been established in most countries. In this regard, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed 1 µg MCs /L as the highest acceptable concentration in drinking water. However, regulatory limits were not defined in waters used in other applications/activities, constituting a potential threat to the environment and to human health. Indeed, water contaminated with MCs or other cyanotoxins is recurrently used in agriculture and for crop and food production. Several deleterious effects of MCs including a decrease in growth, tissue necrosis, inhibition of photosynthesis and metabolic changes have been reported in plants leading to the impairment of crop productivity and economic loss. Studies have also revealed significant accumulation of MCs in edible tissues and plant organs, which raise concerns related to food safety. This work aims to systematize and analyze the information generated by previous scientific studies, namely on the phytotoxicity and the impact of MCs especially on growth, photosynthesis and productivity of agricultural plants. Morphological and physiological parameters of agronomic interest are overviewed in detail in this work, with the aim to evaluate the putative impact of MCs under field conditions. Finally, concentration-dependent effects are highlighted, as these can assist in future guidelines for irrigation waters and establish regulatory limits for MCs.

scholarly journals INVESTIGASI PENGARUH KONDISI LALU LINTAS DAN ASPEK METEOROLOGI TERHADAP KONSENTRASI PENCEMAR SO2 DI KOTA SEMARANG

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Titik Istirokhatun ◽  
Ita Tetriana Agustini ◽  
Sudarno Sudarno
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Road Users ◽  
The Impact

The  presence  of  air  pollution  in  ambient  air  is  closely  related  to  the incidence  of  adverse reactions affecting human health. One of harmful pollutants and potentially major cause health problems is sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). The number of vehicles that are passing and queuing on the crossroads  because  of  traffic light can  affect  the  concentration  of  SO 2 .  Besides,  in  these locations  there  are a lot of road users  which  are  potentially  exposed  by  contaminants, so information about the concentration of SO 2  is important to know. This study aimed to investigate the  impact  of  meteorological  factors  and  the  number  of vehicles  on  SO 2   concentrations. Impinger was used for air sampling, and pararosaniline method was used for determining SO 2  concentration. Sampling and calculation  of the number of passing vehicles were performed 3 times ie in the morning, afternoon and evening. Based on the results of the study, the highest concentrations of SO 2  were on the range of 15-21 mg/Nm3.

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