scholarly journals Seven Mathematical Models of Hemorrhagic Shock

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Luciano Curcio ◽  
Laura D'Orsi ◽  
Andrea De Gaetano
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Hypovolemic Shock ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Circulatory Dynamics

Although mathematical modelling of pressure-flow dynamics in the cardiocirculatory system has a lengthy history, readily finding the appropriate model for the experimental situation at hand is often a challenge in and of itself. An ideal model would be relatively easy to use and reliable, besides being ethically acceptable. Furthermore, it would address the pathogenic features of the cardiovascular disease that one seeks to investigate. No universally valid model has been identified, even though a host of models have been developed. The object of this review is to describe several of the most relevant mathematical models of the cardiovascular system: the physiological features of circulatory dynamics are explained, and their mathematical formulations are compared. The focus is on the whole-body scale mathematical models that portray the subject’s responses to hypovolemic shock. The models contained in this review differ from one another, both in the mathematical methodology adopted and in the physiological or pathological aspects described. Each model, in fact, mimics different aspects of cardiocirculatory physiology and pathophysiology to varying degrees: some of these models are geared to better understand the mechanisms of vascular hemodynamics, whereas others focus more on disease states so as to develop therapeutic standards of care or to test novel approaches. We will elucidate key issues involved in the modeling of cardiovascular system and its control by reviewing seven of these models developed to address these specific purposes.

scholarly journals OPTION OF METHODOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL BASES OF DEVELOPMENT, EVALUATION AND FORECAST THE EFFICIENCY OF REAL OBJECTS' AND PROCESSES' MATHEMATICAL MODELS

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 444-460
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Gorodnov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Development Evaluation ◽  
The Ideal

One of the variants of the basic concepts of methodology and technology for the development of real objects’ and processes’ mathematical models and the assessment of the expected efficiency of these models, as well as the ratio and interconnection of the methodology concepts and the contradictions of modeling, which are one of the reasons for failures in the development of models, are presented. The technological foundations of the obviously useful models development with a simultaneous forecast of their effectiveness indicators values are systematized: reliability, efficiency, completeness of modeling, the usefulness of the developed model relative to the existing one and in comparison with the ideal model. An expression is given for predicting the time expense on developing a model.

scholarly journals Relationships between Parameters of the Cardiovascular System, Salivary Lactoferrin Level and Body Temperature during a Short-Term Human Whole-Body Exposure to Cold Air

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Liliya Poskotinova ◽  
Elena Krivonogova ◽  
Olga Krivonogova ◽  
Denis Demin ◽  
Irina Gorenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Exposure To Cold

scholarly journals Arid1a loss potentiates pancreatic β-cell regeneration through activation of EGF signaling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cemre Celen ◽  
Jen-Chieh Chuang ◽  
Shunli Shen ◽  
Jordan E. Otto ◽  
Clayton K. Collings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Cell Regeneration ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Egf Signaling

SummaryThe dynamic regulation of β-cell abundance is poorly understood. Since chromatin remodeling plays critical roles in liver regeneration, these mechanisms could be generally important for regeneration in other tissues. Here we show that the ARID1A mammalian SWI/SNF complex subunit is a critical regulator of β-cell regeneration. Arid1a is highly expressed in quiescent β-cells but is physiologically suppressed when β-cells proliferate during pregnancy or after pancreas resection. Whole-body Arid1a knockout mice were protected against streptozotocin induced diabetes. Cell-type and temporally specific genetic dissection showed that β-cell specific Arid1a deletion could potentiate β-cell regeneration in multiple contexts. Transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of mutant islets revealed increased Neuregulin-ERBB-NR4A signaling. Functionally, ERBB3 overexpression in β-cells was sufficient to protect against diabetes, and chemical inhibition of ERBB or NR4A was able to block increased regeneration associated with Arid1a loss. mSWI/SNF complex activity is a barrier to β-cell regeneration in physiologic and disease states.

scholarly journals A Strategy for Development of Realistic Mathematical Models of Whole-Body Metabolism

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads F. Madsen ◽  
Sune Dano ◽  
Bjorn Quistorff
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

scholarly journals (P1-106) Scarce Resources Planning Summit for Pediatric Critical Care and Transport Stakeholders

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s133-s133
Author(s):  
S. Reynolds ◽  
E.K. Weber ◽  
P.J. Severin
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Community Integration ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Pediatric Critical Care ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
Key Issues

There are six children's hospitals in Chicago, Illinois and the surrounding region. These hospitals often have bed limitations due to high censuses in daily operations. The Pediatric Committee of the Chicago Healthcare System Coalition for Preparedness and Response had provided two conferences in pediatric emergency preparedness in Spring 2010 that identified a need to examine scarce critical care resources in the region. A “Pediatric Critical Care and Transport Stakeholder's Summit” was convened in April 2010. This meeting brought together the Pediatric Critical Care Medical and Nursing Directors along with Transport Team representatives from major hospitals to identify the key issues related to pediatric emergency preparedness and scarce resources. The four-hour Summit, was held in a Conference Center, away from any hospital or clinical setting, was organized into seven sections: (1) Welcome & Introductions; (2) Issues Identification; (3) Scenario Introduction; (4) Specific Issues Indentification; (5) Prioritization of Specific Issues; (6) Development of Action Steps; and (7) Moving Forward. A Facilitator with specific knowledge of hospital-based preparedness led the Summit process. He utilized a pediatric scenario to engage the participants in discussion, interaction, and planning. Action steps, with statements of need and specific action items were developed, based on the following prioritized issues: (1) lack of pediatric training and experience for front line personnel; (2) alternate care sites/bed capacity/surge planning; (3) ethical issues; (4) transport; (5) credentialing/pediatric specialist availability; (6) incident command/community integration; (7) pediatric supplies and equipment; (8) patient indentification; (9) financial tracking/reimbursement; and (10) Crisis Standards of Care/Crisis Operation Standards Moving forward, the participants of the Summit will reconvene into small workgroups to develop plans and training for the areas specified above. In May, 2011 a statewide exercise utilizing the special population of children will occur to test these plans.

Quantitative analysis of drug effects at the whole-body level: a case study for glucose metabolism in malaria patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacky L. Snoep ◽  
Kathleen Green ◽  
Johann Eicher ◽  
Daniel C. Palm ◽  
Gerald Penkler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Metabolic Model ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Disease States ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Body Level

We propose a hierarchical modelling approach to construct models for disease states at the whole-body level. Such models can simulate effects of drug-induced inhibition of reaction steps on the whole-body physiology. We illustrate the approach for glucose metabolism in malaria patients, by merging two detailed kinetic models for glucose metabolism in the parasite Plasmodium falciparum and the human red blood cell with a coarse-grained model for whole-body glucose metabolism. In addition we use a genome-scale metabolic model for the parasite to predict amino acid production profiles by the malaria parasite that can be used as a complex biomarker.

scholarly journals Applications of the Critical Power Model to Dynamic Constant External Resistance Exercise: A Brief Review of the Critical Load Test

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Haley C. Bergstrom ◽  
Taylor K. Dinyer ◽  
Pasquale J. Succi ◽  
Caleb C. Voskuil ◽  
Terry J. Housh
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Critical Load ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
External Resistance ◽  
Continuous Dynamic ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Body Dynamic

The study and application of the critical power (CP) concept has spanned many decades. The CP test provides estimates of two distinct parameters, CP and W′, that describe aerobic and anaerobic metabolic capacities, respectively. Various mathematical models have been used to estimate the CP and W′ parameters across exercise modalities. Recently, the CP model has been applied to dynamic constant external resistance (DCER) exercises. The same hyperbolic relationship that has been established across various continuous, whole-body, dynamic movements has also been demonstrated for upper-, lower-, and whole-body DCER exercises. The asymptote of the load versus repetition relationship is defined as the critical load (CL) and the curvature constant is L′. The CL and L′ can be estimated from the same linear and non-linear mathematical models used to derive the CP. The aims of this review are to (1) provide an overview of the CP concept across continuous, dynamic exercise modalities; (2) describe the recent applications of the model to DCER exercise; (3) demonstrate how the mathematical modeling of DCER exercise can be applied to further our understanding of fatigue and individual performance capabilities; and (4) make initial recommendations regarding the methodology for estimating the parameters of the CL test.

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