Influence of Cooking Methods on Antioxidant Activities of Selected Leafy Vegetables Gymnema lactiferum, Wattakaka volubilis, and Argyreia populifolia in Sri Lanka

Green leafy vegetables (GLVs) are abundant in bioactive compounds and constitute a crucial part of a balanced diet. Sri Lankan green leafy vegetables which are edible and available for consumption have not been thoroughly investigated, whilst their consumption can deflate the risk of arising several degenerative diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The present study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant capacities of the leafy vegetables, Gymnema lactiferum (Kurignan), Wattakaka volubilis (Aguna), and Argyreia populifolia (Girithilla), with different thermal treatments (70°C, 120°C, and 170°C) which are used in domestic cooking processes. Heat treatments significantly affect the antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of most vegetables analyzed, either increasing or decreasing the concentration of these compounds. In the presence of thermal treatments, Gymnema lactiferum (14.52-20.28 mg GAE/g DW) and Wattakaka volubilis (19.75-27.13 mg GAE/g DW) showed a significantly higher ( p < 0.05 ) total phenolic content. The temperature treatment did not alter the ABTS radical scavenging activity in Gymnema lactiferum. In contrast, an increment of ferric reducing antioxidant power (41.26-54.85 mg TE/g DW) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (0.11-0.26 mg TE/g DW) was observed. Wattakaka volubilis treated at 170°C appeared to have a significantly higher amount ( 104.93 ± 1.41 mg TE/g DW) of ferric reducing antioxidant power compared to its raw form. All cooking processes with their corresponding thermal treatments caused a significantly lower ( p < 0 ) amount of antioxidant capacity in Argyreia populifolia.

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Effectiveness of Solvent Extraction on Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities from Fresh and Dried Wheatgrass

European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety ◽

10.9734/ejnfs/2021/v13i230370 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Towkir Ahmed Ove ◽

Anwara Akter Khatun ◽

Said Bin Saifullah ◽

Maruf Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

Aims: This study was intended to investigate and quantify the phytochemicals and the antioxidant activities of fresh and powdered wheatgrass. Study Design: The experiment was performed by solvent extraction technique for determining the phytochemicals of wheatgrass samples. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Food engineering laboratory in Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh between June 2018 and December 2018. Methodology: Fresh and powdered wheatgrass were used for the experiment. Methanol and ethanol solutions were separately utilized, in an attempt to assume the efficient solvent for extraction. UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods were employed in general throughout the study. Total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the total chlorophyll contents of both solvent extracts were analyzed. Results: Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity were found lower in both solvent extracts of powdered wheatgrass than fresh leaves. Phenolic content and Chlorophyll were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fresh samples (extracts). Due to heating, a significant decrease was observed in the DPPH radical scavenging activity of powdered extracts. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in methanolic extracts than in ethanolic extracts. No significant (P > 0.05) difference was observed in total flavonoids contents. Conclusion: These findings endorsed that both solvents demonstrate competitive potentials to extract bioactive compounds from wheatgrass and its derivatives and hence can be chosen specifically according to the components.

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Costus aferPossesses Carbohydrate Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitory Activity and Antioxidant CapacityIn Vitro

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/987984 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Armelle D. Tchamgoue ◽

Lauve R. Y. Tchokouaha ◽

Protus A. Tarkang ◽

Jules-Roger Kuiate ◽

Gabriel A. Agbor

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Hydrolyzing Enzymes

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of glucose metabolism which correlates with postprandial hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Control of blood glucose level is imperative in the management of diabetes. The present study tested the hypothesis thatCostus afer, an antihyperglycemic medicinal plant, possesses inhibitory activity against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes. Hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts were prepared from the leaf, stem, and rhizome ofC. aferand subjected to phytochemical screening, assayed forα-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibitory activities and antioxidant capacity (determined by total phenolic and total flavonoids contents, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and DPPH radical scavenging activity). All extracts inhibitedα-amylase andα-glucosidase activities. Ethyl acetate rhizome and methanol leaf extracts exhibited the best inhibitory activity againstα-amylase andα-glucosidase (IC50: 0.10 and 5.99 mg/mL), respectively. Kinetic analysis revealed two modes of enzyme inhibition (competitive and mixed). All extracts showed antioxidant capacity, with hexane extracts exhibiting the best activity. DPPH assay revealed that methanol leaf, rhizome, and ethyl acetate stem extracts (IC50< 5 mg/mL) were the best antioxidants. The presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, and tannins may account for the antioxidant capacity and carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme inhibitory activity ofC. afer.

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Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Properties of Solvent Extracts from Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.): A Preliminary Study

Food Science and Engineering ◽

10.37256/fse.11202046 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahmood Habibian ◽

Ghorbanali Sadeghi ◽

Ahmad Karimi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Scavenging Efficiency

A systematic study was conducted about the solvent effect on the purslane total phenolic, flavonoid, alkaloid, carotenoid, saponin, vitamin E, and vitamin C contents as well as to evaluate their contribution to overall antioxidant activity. Among three solvents investigated, water could extract the highest levels of solid and saponin contents, whereas methanol was more effective for obtaining phenolic, flavonoid, and alkaloid compounds than other solvents. Meanwhile, ethanol was the best choice for extracting carotenoids and vitamin E. In various experimental models including DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS+ radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power, methanol extract consistently showed significantly greater antioxidant activity than other extracts, while ethanol extract provided the most efficient inhibiting activity against ferrous chloride-induced oxidation of linoleic acid. In addition, the scavenging efficiency of ethanol extract toward DPPH and ABTS+ radicals was significantly higher than the water extract, and vice versa was the case for ferric reducing antioxidant power. Overall, methanol was found to be the most favorable solvent for the extraction of phenolic, flavonoid, and alkaloid compounds that are promising as natural antioxidants. However, different solvents may be used to extract specific antioxidant compounds with distinctive antioxidant activity.

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Olive Oil Dregs as a Novel Source of Natural Antioxidants: Extraction Optimization towards a Sustainable Process

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9061064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1064

Author(s):

Giuseppe Squillaci ◽

Alice Marchetti ◽

Orsolina Petillo ◽

Michela Bosetti ◽

Francesco La Cara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Antioxidant Agents ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

Olive oil dregs (OOD), which are an underutilized by-product from oil mills, were used for the extraction of antioxidant compounds. The residues from three oil mills located in Campania (Southern Italy) were extracted with acidified methanol, and hydroxytyrosol (HT) was the main phenolic compound detected. Total phenolic content (TPC) and HT amount were measured. EVO Campania oil mill provided the residue with the highest TPC and HT quantities: 6.801 ± 0.159 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/g OOD and 519.865 ± 9.082 μg/g OOD, respectively. Eco-friendly extractions at different temperatures and times were performed on EVO Campania OOD, obtaining 9.122 ± 0.104 mg GAE/g OOD and 541.330 ± 64.087 μg/g OOD for TPC and HT, respectively, at 121 °C for 60 min. Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA), Superoxide Scavenging Activity (SSA), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) were measured in OOD aqueous extracts. Extract prepared at 37 °C for 60 min showed the greatest RSA and SSA values (44.12 ± 1.82 and 75.72 ± 1.78, respectively), whereas extract prepared at 121 °C for 60 min exhibited the highest FRAP value (129.10 ± 10.49 μg Ascorbic Acid Equivalents (AAE)/mg). OOD extracts were able to protect sunflower oil from oxidation for 4 weeks at 65 °C. The overall results suggest that this novel residue can be usefully valorized by providing HT-rich extracts to use as antioxidant agents.

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Grape Canes from Typical Cultivars of Campania (Southern Italy) as a Source of High-Value Bioactive Compounds: Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092746 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2746

Author(s):

Giuseppe Squillaci ◽

Carla Zannella ◽

Virginia Carbone ◽

Paola Minasi ◽

Veronica Folliero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southern Italy ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antiviral Agents ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Herpes Simplex Viruses ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

The purpose of the current study was to determine the phenolic composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities in grape cane extracts from typical cultivars of Southern Italy. Aqueous extracts at different pHs (1–13) were prepared from “Aglianico”, “Fiano”, and “Greco” grape canes. The results demonstrated that an alkaline pH (13.00) produced the best polyphenol-rich extracts, as the total phenolic content was more than double when compared to the respective extracts prepared at pH 1.00. “Greco” grape canes gave the highest quantity of phenolic compounds at each pH, ranging from 42.7 ± 0.4 to 104.3 ± 3.0 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/g Dry Extract (DE) from pH 1.00 to 13.00. The Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA) and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) were measured. The highest antioxidant activity was showed by “Greco” extract at pH 7.00. Seventy-five compounds were identified in the extracts by HPLC-MS with six of them described for the first time in grape canes. Procyanidins were highly abundant in extracts at pH 7.00, whereas stilbenoids were the most represented compounds at pH 13.00. Very strong antiviral activity against herpes simplex viruses was recorded for the extracts at pH 7.00 and 13.00 that were active in the early stages of infection by acting directly against the viral particles. The overall results suggest that grape canes, currently underutilized, can be usefully valorised by providing active extracts to use as antioxidant and antiviral agents.

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Comparative Evaluation of Argania spinosa and Olea europaea Leaf Phenolic Compounds and their Antioxidant Activity

Botanica ◽

10.2478/botlit-2020-0007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 76-87

Author(s):

Aziza Lfitat ◽

Hind Zejli ◽

Abdelkamel Bousselham ◽

Yassine El Atki ◽

Badiaa Lyoussi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Olive Leaves ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Total Flavonoids Content

AbstractWe conducted this study to determine and compare the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the argan and olive leaves as well as their antioxidant capacity in aqueous, methanolic, and ethyl acetate extracted fractions. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated in comparison with synthetic antioxidants by assessing DPPH• radical scavenging capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, scavenging ability by inhibiting the β-carotene/linoleic acid emulsion oxidation, and by the ABTS radical scavenging activity assay. Total phenolic content in argan samples ranged from 221.69 ± 2.07 to 1.32 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g DW and in olive samples from 144.61 ± 0.82 to 1.21 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g DW. Total flavonoids content in argan samples varied from 267.37 ± 1.12 to 25.48 ± 0.02 mg QE/g DW, while in olives from 96.06 ± 0.78 to 10.63 ± 0.05 mg QE/g DW. In vitro antioxidant studies strongly confirmed the antioxidant potency of argan and olive leaves and their richness in secondary metabolites that are effective in free radicals scavenging and metal chelating capacities, indicating their antioxidant power.

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Antioxidant and beta-Galactosidase Inhibitory Studies of Methanolic Extract of Juniperus Phoenicea and Calicotome Villosa from Jordan

10.21203/rs.3.rs-268678/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Al-Mustafa ◽

Mohammad Al-Tawarah ◽

Mohammed Sharif Al-Sheraideh ◽

Fatima Attia Al-Zahrany

Keyword(s):

Thermodynamic Parameters ◽

Thermal Inactivation ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Dry Extract ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Juniperus Phoenicea

Abstract Background: We investigated Juniperus Phoenicea (J. Phoenicea) and Calicotome Villosa (C. Villosa) from Jordan for phenolic contents, antioxidant, anti β-Galactosidase activities, in an attempt to rationalize its use in lactose metabolism disorders. The kinetic parameters of leave extracts, galactose, glucose, fructose and acarbose were evaluated. Also, the thermodynamic parameters of the enzyme thermal inactivation were determined. Methods: JP and cv crude methanolic extracts were evaluated for 1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Further, β-Galactosidase inhibitory activities were performed using O-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside as substrate. Moreover, total phenolic contents, flavonoids and flavonols of plants extracts were determined and expressed in mg of gallic acid equivalent (mg GAE/g dry extract) or rutin equivalent per gram of dry extract (mg RE/g dry extract).Results: Phytochemical screening of the crude extract of J. Phoenicea and C. Villosa leaves contained phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones and glycosides. J. Phoenicea exhibited high flavonoids and flavonols contents than C. Villosa but both J. Phoenicea and C. Villosa contained high phenolic and showed concentration dependent DPPH scavenging activity, with J. Phoenicea (IC50 =11.1 μg/ml), C. Villosa (IC50 =15.6 μg/ml), respectively. According to FRAP assay, the antioxidant power activity of plants extracts was concentrations dependent. The β-galactosidase % inhibition was increased as the concentration of of J. phoenicea, C. villosa and rutin increased. The mode of inhibition of β-galactosidase by J. phoenicea (IC50= 65 µg/ml) and C. villosa (IC50= 700 µg/ml) extracts was non-competitive and mixed-inhibition, respectively. Also, rutin was affected in a competitive (IC50 = 75 µg/ml) inhibition. β-galactosidase half-life was 108 min at 55°C, thermodynamic parameters revealed an activation energy of 208.88 kJ mol-1 and the inactivation kinetic follows a first-order reaction with k-values ranges between 0.0862 and 0.0023 min-1. The enzyme showing a decreasing trend of enthalpy of denaturation (∆H°) as temperature increase but value of free energy of thermal denaturation (∆G°) for β-galactosidase was decreased with increasing in temperature. The calculated entropy of inactivation (∆S°) at each temperature showed positive values, which means there are no significant processes of aggregation.Conclusions: J.phoenicea and C.villosa have inhibiting effect on β-galactosidase activity. Thermodynamic approach shows an enzyme stable and suggests that inactivation mechanism is based on molecular structural changes.

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In Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potentials of Syzygium caryophyllatum L. Alston

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/9529042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Herath Pathiranage Thathmi Wathsara ◽

Hasitha Dhananjaya Weeratunge ◽

Mohamed Naeem Ahammadu Mubarak ◽

Pahan Indika Godakumbura ◽

Pathmasiri Ranasinghe

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Mass Spectrometry Data ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

Syzygium caryophyllatum L. Alston (Family: Myrtaceae, Sinhala: Heendan) is a red-listed plant that has been used in traditional medicine in Sri Lanka for the treatment of diabetes, but it is yet to be exploited for its potential uses as a functional food or a source of supplements. The present study focused on the evaluation of antidiabetic property of S. caryophyllatum fruits and leaves assessing antioxidant, antiglycation, and antiamylase activities and functional mineral element composition. The crude extracts (CR) of leaves and fruits were fractionated into hexane (Hex) ethyl acetate (EA) and aqueous (AQ) and evaluated for bioactivities along with the crude extracts. The isolated fraction (C3) of Hex fraction of fruit showed significantly high (p<0.05) antiamylase activity with IC50 value 2.27 ± 1.81 μg/mL where the Hex fraction of fruits exhibited the IC50 value as 47.20 ± 0.3 μg/mL which was higher than acarbose (IC50: 87.96 ± 1.43 μg/mL). The EA fraction of leaves showed highest values for DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Significantly high (p<0.05) ABTS radical scavenging activity and iron chelating activity were observed in Hex fraction of fruit. The composition of volatiles in leaf oil was studied with GC-MS, and 58 compounds were identified. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry data revealed the presence of biologically significant trace elements such as Fe, Zn, Mg, Cu, Se, and Sr in leaves and fruits. It is concluded that the Hex fraction of S. caryophyllatum fruits will be a good source for the formulation of supplements for diabetic management with further evaluation of potency and efficacy.

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In vitro assessment of the protection from oxidative stress by various fractions of Artemisia incisa Pamp.

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc110102116a ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 76 (10) ◽

pp. 1379-1386

Author(s):

A Aziz-Ur-Rehman ◽

Sehrish Gulzar ◽

Muhammad Abbasi ◽

Tayyaba Shahzadi ◽

Tauheeda Riaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ic50 Value

The methanolic extract of Artemisia incisa Pamp. was dissolved in distilled water and successively partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The antioxidant potential of all these fractions and remaining aqueous fraction was evaluated by four methods, i.e., the scavenging activity of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), the total antioxidant activity, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and the ferric thiocyanate assay. In addition, the total phenolics was determined. The obtained results revealed that among the studied fractions the ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed the most potent DPPH-radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 5.3 ? 0.71 ?g mL-1, which is even more effective than the standard antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (IC50 value 0f 12.1? 0.92 ?g mL-1). The ethyl acetate fraction also showed the highest FRAP value (3677.13 ? 27.1 ?g TE mL-1), inhibition of lipid peroxidation (60.93 ? 0.84 % at 500 ?g mL-1) and total phenolic content (95.5 ? 0.05 ?g GAE g-1) as compared to other fractions. However, the remaining aqueous fraction was found to posses the highest antioxidant activity of all the fractions.

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IMPROVEMENT OF ORGANIC RED PIGMENT PRODCUTION BY MONASCUS PURPUREUS TISTR3651 USING PATHUMTHANI-1 RICE-BASED MEDIUM IN SUBMERGED AND SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2021.v13s1.y0103 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 47-50

Author(s):

SURACHAI TECHAOEI ◽

KHEMJIRA JARMKOM ◽

THISAKORN DUMRONGPHUTTIDACHA ◽

WARACHATE KHOBJAI

Keyword(s):

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Monascus Purpureus ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Red Pigment ◽

Frap Assay ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Monascus Pigments ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

Objective: This research is to study the production of natural red pigment by Monascus purpureus TISTR3615 in the submerged and solid-statefermentation system using Pathumthani-1 rice as a carbon source.Methods: The antioxidant activity of the red pigment was evaluated in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS radical scavenging assay,and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, including total phenolic compound.Results and Discussion: The maximum of red pigment production was 0.55±0.02/ml (OD 680 nm) after incubation at 30°C for 24 days. Theantioxidant activity based on inhibition DPPH (%), ABTS radical scavenging activity (%), and FRAP activity (mM Fe2+/g) was 97.80±1.51,68.64±0.46, and 0.32±0.021, respectively. The total phenolic content was 164.78±2.82 μg GAE/mg.Conclusion: It was estimated that Monascus pigments, leading to nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications, cosmetic industry, and foodindustry.

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