scholarly journals Discussion on Optimization of Public Transportation Network Setting considering Three-State Reliability

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zhang Xiaoliang ◽  
Jia Limin
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Bus Networks

In order to be environment-friendly, relieve traffic congestion, reduce pollution, and be green and sustainable, the optimization and development of public transportation, as the subject of people's long-term research, has always been shining. With the emergence of shared transportation, public transportation systems face more challenges. In order to better connect with bike-sharing, car-sharing, and other modes of transportation, public transportation will carry out important reforms, among which the optimization of line network is one of the most important tasks. The traditional bus route design is mainly based on the “four-stage” method model, which is mainly based on the investigation and analysis of the existing traffic system and land use. Through the work flow of “evaluation, calibration, and verification,” the network balance optimization model is used to get the bus travel allocation prediction model. In this paper, the optimization problem of public transit network is studied from the point of view of the reliability of public transit network. It is proposed that public transit network can be abstracted into series-parallel system and parallel-series system model from the three states of normal, short-circuit failure, and open-circuit failure and is analyzed and discussed through the hypothesis experiment. The research of this paper will provide a new perspective for the optimization of public transit network, complement the traditional methods, and support the optimization and reliability improvement of urban public transit network. More reliable bus networks and other modes of transportation, such as walking, bike-sharing, and rail, will become more suitable for people to get around.

scholarly journals From walkability to bikeability: A GIS based analysis of integrating bike sharing service in Tokyo TOD system

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Tianqi Xia ◽  
Xiaoya Song ◽  
Xuan Song ◽  
Min Lu ◽  
Shuzhe Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Usage Rate ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
The Government

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Transit Oriented Development is the approach of urban development which maximizes the land use of residential, business and leisure around the public transit stops. A good TOD system can not only alleviate the contradiction between traffic congestion and insufficient land use for urban development but also significantly improve the convenience of urban residents' work and life. Moreover, while limiting the disorderly spread of the city, a good TOD system can solve the environmental and traffic problems caused by automobiles and promote synergy and integration between the industries. Traditionally, TOD is designed for facilitating the pedestrians to a convenient access to the public transportation systems so as to increase the usage rate of public transports. Despite pedestrians as the target, there are a lot of passengers move to the station via other means such as bus and bicycle. In the previous research, these two kinds of mobility are not included in the evaluation of TOD system as they have a lot of limitation on interacting with the facilities around railway station. In recent years, sharing bicycle becomes popular for solving the problem of the last one kilometer. Comparing to other means of mobility, sharing bicycle is more flexible than bus and has a higher usage rate than private bicycles. In addition, the sharing bike users have a wider access area than the pedestrians. Thus, sharing bicycle is able to play an important role in TOD system. In Tokyo metropolis, there are over 1000 railway stations and more than 50% of residents commute by railway. Nevertheless, the bike sharing system is available only in some specific area, which indicates a lot of room for the development of bike sharing service. In this research, we follow the previous studies of walkability measurement and apply two indicators include road network connectivity and facility accessibility for illustrating how could bike sharing outperforms walking in a TOD system with the case study of Tokyo 23 wards. The result of this research can instruct the government on improving the current TOD system as well as help build a sustainable society.</p>

Spatial mismatch and youth unemployment in US cities: public transportation as a labor market institution

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christof Brandtner ◽  
Anna Lunn ◽  
Cristobal Young
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Spatial Mismatch ◽  
Market Institution ◽  
Labor Market Institution ◽  
Us Cities

Abstract Spatial mismatch between homes and jobs within a city can create unemployment despite the presence of unfilled jobs. This is especially problematic among young people who have limited transportation options and high rates of joblessness. Car ownership is a possible solution to spatial mismatch, but private vehicles are expensive and involve negative externalities. Public transportation provides an alternative infrastructure that reduces structural unemployment by matching supply and demand. Using longitudinal models of public transportation in the 95 largest US cities between 2000 and 2010, we test whether better public transit services reduce youth unemployment. Public transportation systems can serve as a labor market institution, but there are two worlds of public transportation in American cities. Improvements in public transit are mostly beneficial in cities that are already less dependent on private automobiles. Path dependence in transportation design means that some cities see little benefits to incremental investments in public transit.

scholarly journals Flying Car Transportation System: Advances, Techniques, and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaofeng pan ◽  
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Inherent Nature ◽  
Car Transportation

In order to fulfill transportation demands, people have well-explored ground, waterborne, and high-altitude spaces (HAS) for transportation purposes, as well as the underground space under cities (namely, subway systems). However, due to the increased burdens of population and urbanization in recent decades, huge pressures on public transportation and freight traffic are introduced to cities, plaguing the governors and constraining the development of economics. By observing the fact that near-ground space (NGS) has rarely been utilized, researchers and practitioners started to re-examine, propose and develop flying cars, which are not a totally novel idea, aiming at solving the traffic congestion problem and releasing the strains of cities. Flying cars completely differ from traditional grounded transportation systems, where automobiles/trains are suffering track limitations and are also different from the air flights in HAS for long-distance transfer. Therefore, while observing the lack of specific literature on flying cars and flying car transportation systems (FCTS), this paper is motivated to study the advances, techniques, and challenges of FCTS imposed by the inherent nature of NGS transportation and to devise useful proposals for facilitating the construction and commercialization of FCTS, as well as to facilitate the readers understanding of the incoming FCTS. We first introduce the increased requirements for transportation and address the advantages of flying cars. Next, a brief overview of the developing history of flying cars is presented in view of both timeline and technique categories. Then, we discuss and compare the state of the art in the design of flying cars, including take-off \& landing (TOL) modes, pilot modes, operation modes, and power types, which are respectively related to the adaptability, flexibility & comfort, stability & complexity, environmental friendliness of flying cars. Additionally, since large-scale operations of flying cars can improve the aforementioned transportation problem, we also introduce the designs of FCTS, including path and trajectory planning, supporting facilities and commercial designs. Finally, we discuss the challenges which might be faced while developing and commercializing FCTS from three aspects: safety issues, commercial issues, and ethical issues.

scholarly journals Public transit network planning in small cites considering safety and convenience

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 168781402090235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changxi Ma ◽  
Dong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Network Planning ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Transit Planning ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
The Public ◽  
Traffic Generation ◽  
Interval Value

Scientific and rational public transit network planning, not only can effectively alleviate city traffic congestion, but also can reduce the risk of accidents. First, based on the data of residents’ travel survey, this article employs the multiple regression method to forecast the traffic generation and adopts the double-constrained gravity model to forecast the residents’ travel distribution of small cites. Second, by aiming at public transit planning objectives, the unsafe roads for public transit are screened, and the public transit trip-mode sharing rate is set as the interval value. According to the interval value, the public transit trip-mode sharing rate is divided into three cases, and the three alternatives of public transit network are calculated based on the network optimization method and the public transit-oriented development model. Next, the alternatives are evaluated by the set pair analysis method, and the optimal scheme is selected. Finally, this article takes the public transit network planning of Huaiyuan County in Anhui Province as an example, and the results show the proposed method is feasible.

scholarly journals Deep Autoencoder Neural Networks for Short-Term Traffic Congestion Prediction of Transportation Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Zhang ◽  
Yong Yao ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Shaobo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Computation Efficiency ◽  
Congestion Prediction

Traffic congestion prediction is critical for implementing intelligent transportation systems for improving the efficiency and capacity of transportation networks. However, despite its importance, traffic congestion prediction is severely less investigated compared to traffic flow prediction, which is partially due to the severe lack of large-scale high-quality traffic congestion data and advanced algorithms. This paper proposes an accessible and general workflow to acquire large-scale traffic congestion data and to create traffic congestion datasets based on image analysis. With this workflow we create a dataset named Seattle Area Traffic Congestion Status (SATCS) based on traffic congestion map snapshots from a publicly available online traffic service provider Washington State Department of Transportation. We then propose a deep autoencoder-based neural network model with symmetrical layers for the encoder and the decoder to learn temporal correlations of a transportation network and predicting traffic congestion. Our experimental results on the SATCS dataset show that the proposed DCPN model can efficiently and effectively learn temporal relationships of congestion levels of the transportation network for traffic congestion forecasting. Our method outperforms two other state-of-the-art neural network models in prediction performance, generalization capability, and computation efficiency.

Bus networks as graphs: new connectivity indicators with operational characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 788-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Quintero-Cano ◽  
Mohamed Wahba ◽  
Tarek Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Traffic Analysis ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Public Transportation System ◽  
Bus Networks ◽  
Transit Agencies

A transit network, visualized as a graph, can be evaluated using indicators such as connectivity, coverage, directness, and complexity, among others, based on the relationships between network elements. This study focuses on the analysis of interconnected and operationally complicated bus networks, a shortcoming of existing approaches tailored to simpler, metro networks. A new procedure is proposed for drawing bus networks as graphs, by disaggregating them into sub-networks at the traffic analysis zone level. As well, improved network connectivity indicators are proposed which incorporate the influence of bus operational characteristics. The effect of bus route transfers is analyzed by introducing intermediate walking transfer edges. The contribution of this research will provide transit agencies with quantitative measures to analyze the network characteristics and the related operational attributes at a zonal sub-network level across the agency’s coverage area. The proposed methodology was demonstrated by applying it to the Greater Vancouver Regional District public transportation system.

Map-Matching Algorithm for Applications in Multimodal Transportation Network Modeling

2015 ◽  
Vol 2537 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Perrine ◽  
Alireza Khani ◽  
Natalia Ruiz-Juri
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Public ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
Public Transportation Systems

Generalized Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) files have gained wide acceptance by transit agencies, which now provide them for most major metropolitan areas. The public availability GTFSs combined with the convenience of presenting a standard data representation has promoted the development of numerous applications for their use. Whereas most of these tools are focused on the analysis and utilization of public transportation systems, GTFS data sets are also extremely relevant for the development of multimodal planning models. The use of GTFS data for integrated modeling requires creating a graph of the public transportation network that is consistent with the roadway network. The former is not trivial, given limitations of networks often used for regional planning models and the complexity of the roadway system. A proposed open-source algorithm matches GTFS geographic information to existing planning networks and is also relevant for real-time in-field applications. The methodology is based on maintaining a set of candidate paths connecting successive geographic points. Examples of implementations using traditional planning networks and a network built from crowdsourced OpenStreetMap data are presented. The versatility of the methodology is also demonstrated by using it for matching GPS points from a navigation system. Experimental results suggest that this approach is highly successful even when the underlying roadway network is not complete. The proposed methodology is a promising step toward using novel and inexpensive data sources to facilitate and eventually transform the way that transportation models are built and validated.

scholarly journals Vehicular Pollution in Katmandu Valley

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Ramchandra Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Vehicular Pollution ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Public Transportation Systems

This paper highlights the issue of vehicular pollution in the Kathmandu valley. Vehicular pollutants include CO, HC, NOx, Sox, lead and particulate matters which have damaging effects on both human health and ecology. Diesel-driven vehicles emit particulates that are very fine and a large proportion of them are less than 2.5 microns in size, which can penetrate deeper into our lungs. These pollutants are believed to affect the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Uncontrolled growth of vehicle population, poor transportation infrastructure, traffic congestion, driving patterns and inefficient public transportation systems are major factors in increasing vehicular pollution levels.Key words: Vehicular pollution; Vehicle population; Pollutants; Transportation infrastructure; PM2.5.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v8i1-2.5106Journal of the Institute of EngineeringVol. 8, No. 1&2, 2010/2011Page: 149-152Uploaded Date: 20 July, 2011

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Sharing Bike Systems Based on Sustainability Indicators

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Yurui HAN ◽  
Serge ROHMER
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Sustainability Indicators ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Mobility System ◽  
Public Transportation Systems

With the growing importance and widely application of the sharing bike system in public transportation systems in cities, many relevant problems emerged, which brought serious influence to the sustainable development of the system. The aim of this paper is first to research the existing sustainability indicators of urban mobility system through literature reviews, next it is to redefine and select the related indicators of sharing bike system through deeply understanding the evolution of bike sharing systems in cities from a sustainable point of view. Then, indicators are selected and applied to better understand the generations of sharing bike systems after the description of the different generations of sharing bike systems. The comparison highlights which characteristics of sharing bike system should be considered to adopt to a sustainable urban development and which features of the sharing bike system could need improvement and change to cater to active demand of the city development.Keyword: sustainability, urban mobility, sharing bike system, indicators,

scholarly journals The future of emerging technologies in public transit in Greater Toronto Area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaiem Haider
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Transit Agencies

In communities throughout the world, strong and convenient public transportation makes valuable contributions to economic development, increased safety, energy conservation, a cleaner environment, less traffic congestion, and an improved quality of life. Whether it's a disabled person on her way to a doctor appointment, a child on the way to the library, or an elderly person going to buy groceries, rails, buses and vans connect people to their community. While transit serves many purposes, one of the most important of which is to provide critical access and mobility for transit-dependent and lower-income residents country wide, it also reduces the pressure on critical commute corridors by offering a convenient alternative to driving alone. People who are dependent on public transit, the young or the old, the disabled or the low-income, deserve a first-class system. A survey was conducted by City Pulse Toronto (CP 24) and the question they put to the viewers was "Would improved public transit convinces you to give up your car?" The result was amazing that 96% of the people using cars opted for Public transit. In the last decade statistics depict that the cities that have adopted emerging technologies in public transit are reaping the benefits of their increased rider ship by almost three fold. It is disappointing to see that the transit-using trend in Greater Toronto Area (GTA) has decreased in the past five years except in the regions where transit agencies are updating their systems. Throughout the North America and other parts of the world, transit agencies are deploying automatic vehicle location and control fleet management systems, electronic and interactive customer information systems, and contact/contactless fare collection systems to save costs, improve operations and management efficiency and provide better service to customers. In this project an effort is made to depict the extent of adoption of advanced technology in the provision of public transportation service in Greater Toronto Area. The focus is on some of the most innovative or comprehensive implementations, categorized under two types of services/technologies, Automatic Passenger Counting and Electronic Fare Payment. Another objective of this study is to assemble the knowledge on successful applications of advanced technologies, the issues in their implementation, the goals and benefits of Intelligent Transportation System's integration. The study focuses on institutional, operational and technical barriers with the expectation that this will lead to more widespread adoption of ITS systems and techniques.

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