scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Depression and Associated Factors among Adult HIV/AIDS-Positive Patients Attending ART Clinics of Ethiopia: 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bitew Tefera Zewudie ◽  
Shegaw Geze ◽  
Yibeltal Mesfin ◽  
Muche Argaw ◽  
Haimanot Abebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Depression Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction. Depression is the most common mental health problem in people living with the human immune virus. It ranges from 11% to 63% in low- and middle-income countries. Depression was high in people living with HIV/AIDS in developing countries, especially in the Ethiopian context. Even though depression has negative consequences on HIV-positive patients, the care given for depression in resource-limited countries like Ethiopia is below the standard in their HIV care programs. Method. International databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Hinari, Embase, and Scopus) and Ethiopian university repository online have been covered in this review. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and analyzed by using the Stata version 14 software program. We detected the heterogeneity between studies using the I 2 test. We checked publication bias using a funnel plot test. Results. The overall pooled depression prevalence among adult HIV/AIDS patients attending antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia was 36.3% (95% CI: 28.4%, 44.2%) based on the random effect analysis. Adult HIV/AIDS patients having CD4 count < 200 ( AOR = 5.1 ; 95% CI: 2.89, 8.99), widowed marital status ( AOR = 3.7 ; 95% CI: 2.394, 5.789), medication nonadherence ( AOR = 2.3 ; 95% CI: 1.63, 3.15), poor social support (2.986) (95% CI: 2.139, 4.169), perceived social stigma (2.938) (2.305, 3.743), opportunistic infections (3.010) (2.182, 4.151), and adverse drug reactions (4.013) (1.971, 8.167) were significantly associated with depression among adult HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy, in Ethiopia. Conclusion and Recommendation. The pooled depression prevalence among adult HIV/AIDS patients attending antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia was higher than the general population and is alarming for the government to take special consideration for HIV-positive patients. Depression assessment for all HIV-positive patients and integrating with mental health should be incorporated to ensure early detection, prevention, and treatment. Community-based and longitudinal study designs mainly focusing on the incidence and determinants of depression among adult HIV/AIDS patients should be done in the future.

scholarly journals Antiretroviral therapy and mental health among people living with HIV/AIDS in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendi Da ◽  
Xiaoming Li ◽  
Shan Qiao ◽  
Yuejiao Zhou ◽  
Zhiyong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals The prevalence of thrombocytopenia and leucopenia among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257630
Author(s):  
Habtye Bisetegn ◽  
Hussien Ebrahim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction Thrombocytopenia and leucopenia are frequently encountered hematological disorders among people living with HIV/AIDS. This systematic review and meta-analysis were aimed to indicate the national prevalence of thrombocytopenia and leucopenia among HIV/AIDS patients. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search was conducted from February 01, 2021 to April 02, 2021 using electronic databases Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Sciences, Google, EMBASE, SCOPUS and ResearchGate. The quality of the included studies was assessed using Newcastle—Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) adapted for cross-sectional studies. Data analysis was done using STATA version 14 using metan commands. Random effect meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of thrombocytopenia and leucopenia among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. Result Of the 349 initially searched articles, 90 were assessed for eligibility and only 13 articles published from 2014 to 2020 were included in the final meta-analysis. A total of 3854 participants were involved in the included studies. The pooled prevalence of thrombocytopenia was 9.69% (95%CI; 7.40–11.97%). Significant heterogeneity was observed with I2 value of 84.7%. Thrombocytopenia was 11.91% and 5.95% prevalent among HAART naive and HAART exposed HIV/AIDS patients, respectively. The pooled prevalence of leucopenia among HIV/AIDS patients was 17.31% (95%CI: 12.37–22.25%). Conclusion This study showed a high prevalence of thrombocytopenia and leucopenia among people living with HIV/AIDS, indicating the necessity of regular screening of HIV seropositive patients for different hematological parameters and providing treatment.

scholarly journals Optimizing community linkage to care and antiretroviral therapy Initiation: Lessons from the Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS) and their adaptation in Nigeria ART Surge

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257476
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Jahun ◽  
Ishaq Said ◽  
Ibrahim El-Imam ◽  
Akipu Ehoche ◽  
Ibrahim Dalhatu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Mobile Community ◽  
Mhealth Technology ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background Ineffective linkage to care (LTC) is a known challenge for community HIV testing. To overcome this challenge, a robust linkage to care strategy was adopted by the 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS). The NAIIS linkage to care strategy was further adapted to improve Nigeria’s programmatic efforts to achieve the 1st 90 as part of the Nigeria Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Surge initiative, which also included targeted community testing. In this paper we provide an overview of the NAIIS LTC strategy and describe the impact of this strategy on both the NAIIS and the Surge initiatives. Methods The NAIIS collaborated with community-based organizations (CBOs) and deployed mobile health (mHealth) technology with real-time dashboards to manage and optimize community LTC for people living with HIV (PLHIV) diagnosed during the survey. In NAIIS, CBOs’ role was to facilitate linkage of identified PLHIV in community to facility of their choice. For the ART Surge, we modified the NAIIS LTC strategy by empowering both CBOs and mobile community teams as responsible for not only active LTC but also for community testing, ART initiation, and retention in care. Results Of the 2,739 PLHIV 15 years and above identified in NAIIS, 1,975 (72.1%) were either unaware of their HIV-positive status (N = 1890) or were aware of their HIV-positive status but not receiving treatment (N = 85). Of these, 1,342 (67.9%) were linked to care, of which 952 (70.9%) were initiated on ART. Among 1,890 newly diagnosed PLHIV, 1,278 (67.6%) were linked to care, 33.7% self-linked and 66.3% were linked by CBOs. Among 85 known PLHIV not on treatment, 64 (75.3%) were linked; 32.8% self-linked and 67.2% were linked by a CBO. In the ART Surge, LTC and treatment initiation rates were 98% and 100%, respectively. Three-month retention for monthly treatment initiation cohorts improved from 76% to 90% over 6 months. Conclusions Active LTC strategies by local CBOs and mobile community teams improved LTC and ART initiation in the ART Surge initiative. The use of mHealth technology resulted in timely and accurate documentation of results in NAIIS. By deploying mHealth in addition to active LTC, CBOs and mobile community teams could effectively scale up ART with real-time documentation of client-level outcomes.

scholarly journals Effect of AIDS-defining events at initiation of antiretroviral therapy on long-term mortality of HIV/AIDS patients in southwestern China: a cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxuan Huang ◽  
Oulu Zhou ◽  
Zhigang Zheng ◽  
Yuexiang Xu ◽  
Yi Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Death Risk ◽  
Long Term Mortality ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of AIDS-defining events (ADE) on long-term mortality of HIV positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART), a retrospective HIV/AIDS treatment cohort study was performed in southwestern China. Methods The cohort was established based on HIV/AIDS patients on ART recruited in Guigang city, Guangxi, China, from January 2004 to December 2018. Participants were divided into ADE and non-ADE groups, and were followed-up every six months to observe treatment outcomes. Comparison of mortality between groups was performed using the log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to explore the risk factors of mortality. 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance confounding factors and adjust the mortality risk. Results Of 6,757 participants with 29,096.06 person-years of follow-up, 16.86% (1,139/6,757) belonged to ADE group while the others (83.14%) belonged to the non-ADE group. The most common cause of death by ADE was disseminated mycosis (31.65%), followed by recurrent severe bacterial pneumonia (28.48%), herpes zoster(17.72%), and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (8.86%). The mortality of the ADE group was significantly higher than that of the non-ADE group [3.45/100 person-years (95% CI: 2.92-3.97) vs. 2.34/100 person-years (95%CI: 2.15-2.52), P<0.001]. The death risk of the ADE group was also higher than that of the non- ADE group [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) =1.291, 95% CI: 1.061-1.571, P =0.011], which was confirmed by PSM analysis (aHR=1.581, 95% CI: 1.192-2.099, P =0.002). Cox analysis indicated that ADE, older age, male gender, previous non-use of cotrimoxazole, advanced WHO clinical stage, and low baseline CD4+ cell count were the risk factors for death. Conclusions Even on ART, the mortality risk of HIV positive individuals with ADE was higher than those without ADE. Active testing, earlier diagnosis, and timely therapy with ART may reduce the death risk of ADE.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Virological Suppression of HIV Viral Load in Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Conakry, Guinea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alimou camara ◽  
Penda Maladho Diallo ◽  
Mamadou Bobo Diallo ◽  
Talla Nioké ◽  
Adama Cissé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Virological Suppression ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Viral Load Data ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract BackgroundThe viral load has become an indispensable tool in evaluating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV / AIDS. This study aimed to assess virological suppression among in people living with HIV / AIDS on antiretroviral therapy in Guinea.MethodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study of more than three years that involved adult HIV-positive patients treated in different sites in Conakry. A total of 9815 viral load data were collected. The viral load was quantified by the Generic Biocentric technique and the detection threshold set at 350 copies/ml. Statistical analyses were performed by R software version R4.0.3..ResultsA total of 9815 viral load data collected at the national public health laboratory were analysed. The sample was dominated by women (72%), with an average age of 29 [29, 39]. Of these, 6,706 (68%) of HIV-positive people on ART had viral load suppression. The univaried analysis showed that women were 22% more likely to have VL suppression (p-value <0.001) moreover, the chance for all HIV-positive people on treatment to achieve viral load suppression was related to the length of treatment.Conclusionthe results of this study show viral load suppression greater than 68%. The length of antiretroviral therapy, female gender, and advancing age of PLHIV were all favourable to VL suppression.

scholarly journals Magnitude of obesity/overweight and its associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy in Jimma University Specialized and Teaching hospital, south west Ethiopia: Hospital based Crossectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Yideg Yitbarek ◽  
Melaku Tadege Engidaw ◽  
Belete Achamyelew Ayele ◽  
Sofonyas Abebaw Tiruneh ◽  
Melkamu Tilahun Alamir
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Obesity is on the rise worldwide, not only in the general population but also in PLWHA. Being overweight and obese are themselves a risk factors for cardiovascular and other diseases. Despite this few studies have been conducted to determine the magnitude of obesity/overweight and its associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia. This study aimed at determining the magnitude of obesity/overweight and its associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients on HAART at JUSTH, Ethiopia 2019. Method: hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February in 2019 at JUSTH. WHO STEP wise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) questionnaire and document review for HIV related clinical factors was applied. Weight, height and waist circumference and hip circumference were measured. BMI ≥25 kg/m2 was considered overweight, while abdominal obesity was referred to males with waist to hip ratio of greater than 0.95 and greater than 0.85 for females. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 252 participants with a response rate of 95.8% were included. The prevalence of obesity/overweight was 21%. After adjusting for these variables, age category of greater than 50 years [AOR = 0.4, 95%CI (0.2, 0.9), p = 0.03],WHO clinical stage III and above [AOR = 0.04,95% CI (0.002,0.6) ), p = 0.02], presence of mild to moderate physical activity [AOR = 1.3,95% CI,(5.5,33.3)),p=0.00), plasma CD4 count between 351-500 copies/ml [AOR=0.15,95% CI, (0.04,0.6) p=0.024], female sex [AOR = 2.6,95% CI,(1.25,10)p=0.03)] were significantly associated with obesity/overweight Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of obesity/overweight among HIV/AIDS patients. It was found that older age , female sex , early stage of the disease, lower CD4 cunt and absence of mild to moderate physical activity were significant predictor of obesity/overweight. Clinicians should be aware of the health consequence of obesity and consider instituting targeted weight management programs as part of routine HIV care. It is, therefore, vital to encourage intervention strategies that focus on promotion of physical activity among people living with HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Profile of elderly patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at Newlands Clinic in 2020: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleophas Chimbetete ◽  
Tinashe Mudzviti ◽  
Tinei Shamu
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Burden ◽  
Monitoring Protocols

Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) face new challenges such as accelerated ageing and higher rates of comorbidities including cardiovascular, renal and metabolic diseases as they age.Objectives: To profile the demographic and clinical characteristics of elderly patients receiving HIV care at Newlands Clinic (NC), Harare, Zimbabwe, as of 01 October 2019.Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using clinic data. All patients who were 50 years and older on 01 October 2019 were enrolled. Descriptive statistics (medians, interquartile ranges [IQRs] and proportions) were used to describe patient demographic and clinical characteristics.Results: Out of 6543 patients undergoing care at NC, 1688 (25.8%) were older than 50 years. The median duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) was 10.9 years (IQR: 7.1–13). Over 90% of all patients had an HIV viral load below 50 copies/mL. Women were more likely than men to be overweight and obese (32% and 25% vs. 18% and 7%, respectively). Hypertension (41.2%), arthritis (19.9%) and chronic kidney disease (11.6%) were common comorbidities differently distributed based on sex. The most common malignancy diagnosed in women was cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (68% of cancer burden in women) and Kaposi sarcoma was the leading malignancy in men (41% of cancer burden in men). Nearly 20% of patients had at least two chronic non-communicable comorbidities and 5.6% had at least three.Conclusion: A high burden of comorbidities was observed amongst HIV-positive elderly patients receiving ART. Age-appropriate monitoring protocols must be developed to ensure optimum quality of care for elderly HIV-positive individuals.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Electrolyte Levels of HIV/AIDS Patients on High Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in Owerri Metropolis, South Eastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
K. T. Nwauche ◽  
E. N. Agomuo ◽  
F. C. Anacletus ◽  
G. U. Nwosu
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Normal Value ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Hiv Aids

This study investigated and compared the electrolyte levels of HIV/AIDS patients on high active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Thirty patients (13 males and 17 females) were recruited for this study. Patients included in this study were HIV positive and on high active anti-retroviral treatment for at least three months. They were not on any mind altering medications and were mentally sound and are within the age range of 10 years to 59 years. Remarkable differences were observed in the concentrations of the electrolytes (Cl-, Na+, K+, HCO3-) when compared with their normal ranges. Decreased levels (mmol/L) of serum Cl- (3.90±0.54 ) and Na (31.70±0.10) were observed. Between the male and female patients, K+ level (mmo/L) (3.70±0.54 and 4.0±0.54 respectively) was observed to be within the normal value of 3.5 – 5.0 mmo/L. Na+ concentration (mmol/L) was observed to be decreased in both male and females with the values of 130.80 ±6.40 and 131.4±6.50 respectively. The Cl- concentration (mmol/L) was observed to be increased in females (98.40±7.60) and decreased in males (97.20±8.90) when compared with the normal range (98.00-105.00 mmol/L). The male patients showed an observed significant increase in the concentration (mmol/L) of their HCO3- (38.20±15.70) than the females (25.10±2.60) when compared with the normal value of 24.00-30.00 mmol/L. The concentration (mmol/L) of Na+ of all the ages (10-59years) was observed to be decreased when compared with the normal range (135.00- 150.00 mmol/L) while K+ for all the ages was observed to fall within the normal range. Only the age range of 30 -39years had an increased level of Cl- (145.90±48.10) while the other age ranges were decreased. The concentration (mmol/L) of HCO3- of all the age ranges were observed to be within the normal range except for the age range of 20-29years which was observed to show a decreased concentration (mmol/L) of 22.30±4.00 when compared with the normal range of 24.00-30.00 mmol/L. Findings from this study has led to the recommendation that strict monitoring of the serum electrolytes in HIV/AIDS patients on HAART is important as early detection and treatment of these abnormalities will enhance the quality of life of patients.

Integrase strand transferase inhibitors: the preferred antiretroviral regimen in HIV-positive renal transplantation

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan M Azar ◽  
Maricar F Malinis ◽  
J Moss ◽  
Richard N Formica ◽  
Merceditas S Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Published Data ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

In the era of antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV/AIDS live longer and are subject to co-morbidities that affect the general population, such as chronic kidney disease. An increasing number of people living with HIV/AIDS with end-stage renal disease are candidates for renal transplantation. Prior experience demonstrated that HIV-positive renal transplant recipients had acceptable survival but graft survival was decreased and rejection rates were increased, possibly due to suboptimal management of immunosuppressive medications in the face of drug interactions with antiretroviral therapy, particularly protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Integrase strand transferase inhibitors are advantageous since they avoid drug–drug interactions with immunosuppressive drugs such as calcineurin inhibitors. We report clinical outcomes of 12 HIV-positive patients who underwent 13 kidney transplantations at our institution between 2000 and 2015. Cumulative survival was 75%, one-year and three-year survival were 100% and 63%. Integrase strand transferase inhibitor-based regimens were used in nine patients, of which eight survived. In patients on integrase strand transferase inhibitor, there was 100% graft survival and two had allograft rejection. In contrast, graft failure occurred in three patients on non-integrase strand transferase inhibitor-based regimens. Based on our study findings and on previously published data, we conclude that integrase strand transferase inhibitor-based therapy, preferably instituted prior to transplantation, is the preferred antiretroviral regimen in HIV-positive renal transplantation.

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