scholarly journals Current Status of Indigenous and Highly Productive Chicken Breeds in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bayesa Tolasa
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Plumage Color ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Reproduction Performance ◽  
Chicken Breeds

In Ethiopia, chicken production plays an important role in providing human food consumption, growth of domestic products, and creating employment opportunities. Despite their importance, the production and reproduction performance of chickens in the country is under expectation owing to the gap between low productive indigenous and low adaptive ability of highly productive chicken breeds. By considering this, the present paper aims to deliver, synthesize, and summarize the compiled information on the current status of indigenous and highly productive chicken breeds. Currently, there are several highly productive chicken breeds available in Ethiopia. Among these, Rhode Island Red, Fayoumi, Potchefstroom Koekoek, Sasso, Bovan Brown, Issa Brown, and Leghorn are being kept under various husbandry systems. Besides, indigenous chicken ecotypes such as barley plumage color, red plumage color, white plumage color, and black plumage color have been characterized in the country. However, the average annual egg production of indigenous and highly productive chicken breeds did not exceed 60 and 250 eggs, respectively. On the other hand, the meat production ability of indigenous chickens is limited as cockerels and pullets may reach 1.5 and 1.05 kilogram live weight at 6 months of age, respectively. Concerning the husbandry system, a majority of owners supplied feed to chickens on the ground and water in plastic containers while scavenging is being the common feeding system in most parts of the country. Furthermore, the majority of the owners are using no separate housing system and treat their chickens traditionally. Thus, awareness should be emphasized on enhancing the improvement of chicken husbandry systems for better production and reproduction performance.

scholarly journals A production trial with layers of four hybrids under different environmental conditions in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
H. Appelman ◽  
B.J. Bonhof
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Food Consumed

161 Australorp X Rhode Island Red (RIR) X New Hampshire (NH) and 166 White Leghorn (WL) imported fowls were kept in insulated housing; 161 Australorp X RIR X NH, 166 WL, 154 RIR X WL and 148 RIR X NH X RIR fowls were kept in open houses. In the 6 groups resp., live weight at 126 days of age averaged 1602, 1227, 1578, 1234, 1397 and 1539 g, food consumption 4.02, 4.49, 4.03, 4.47, 4.25 and 4.17 kg/kg gain, overall laying percentage 56.6, 56.4, 52.5, 53.4, 55.0 and 37.5, egg production/hen 202, 201, 188, 191, 196 and 134, and egg weight 56.3, 56.3, 55.0, 55.8, 55.0 and 57.5 g. Egg mass averaged 1335, 1323, 1191, 1151, 1126 and 796 kg and food consumed/kg eggs produced 3.68, 3.53, 3.71, 3.25, 3.37 and 4.74 kg. Live weight at 16 mth of age averaged 2894, 2040, 2665, 1874, 2132 and 2517 g, and mortality 12.8, 11.1, 33.6, 43.5, 52.8 and 50.4%. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals My Meat Does Not Have Feathers: Consumers’ Associations with Pictures of Different Chicken Breeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-6) ◽  
pp. 505-529
Author(s):  
Cynthia I. Escobedo del Bosque ◽  
Gesa Busch ◽  
Achim Spiller ◽  
Antje Risius
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Poultry Farming

AbstractThe use of traditional chicken breeds with a dual purpose (egg and meat production) has become a relevant topic in Germany mainly due to animal welfare concerns and the importance of conserving genetic variability in poultry farming. However, consumers have little knowledge about the different chicken breeds used in the industry; making it challenging to communicate traditional breeds and their advantages to consumers. Hence, this study takes the approach to look at consumers’ perceptions of different breeds. We analyze consumers’ evaluations of pictures showing four dual-purpose chicken breeds. First, an eye-tracking study (n = 24) and think-aloud protocols (n = 28) were used to obtain open associations consumers make with each breed. Based on the results, an online survey was conducted (n = 933) to quantify consumers associations with different breeds and consumers’ interest in meat products with animal pictures on the packaging. Results show that consumers’ attention to pictures of chickens is mostly focused on their body and head, particularly with the Vorwerkhuhn. Consumers associate white breeds to white egg and meat production, while brown breeds are associated to brown egg production. Only a smaller segment of consumers (32%; n = 292), who are more engaged to animal welfare, accept pictures of animals on meat packages. We conclude that the marketing of meat products of traditional chicken breeds by using pictures is not a useful approach for the mass market. However, within smaller market concepts, such pictures can be used to communicate an alternative chicken meat production system that may lead to purchases of traditional dual-purpose breeds.

Indigenous chicken genetic resources in Bangladesh: current status and future outlook

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K.F.H. Bhuiyan ◽  
M.S.A. Bhuiyan ◽  
G.K. Deb
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Production System ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Indigenous Chickens

SummaryLivestock, especially poultry, is a promising sector for poverty reduction in Bangladesh. Approximately 140 millions chickens are scattered throughout 68 000 villages in the country, mostly of indigenous, non-descript type. The production system for indigenous chickens is smallholder backyard scavenging in nature with each family keeping an average of 6–7 chickens to meet family requirements, and from which a cash income can also be derived when necessary. Indigenous chickens produce about 75% of the eggs and 78% of the meat consumed domestically. Among said indigenous chicken genetic resources, non-descript Deshi, Aseel and Naked Neck breeds are noteworthyThe non-descript Deshi chicken constitutes about 90% of the indigenous population. Also known as ‘Murghi’, they have undergone unknown periods of natural selection and are a reservoir of excellent genetic diversity. They show high levels of morphological and phenotypic variability and increased fitness under natural settings. Studies reveal that they may be regarded as one breed or population because of the small genetic distances among them. Deshi chickens are characterized by black (75%) and red (25%) plumage colour; black (39%), yellow (32%) and white (29%) shank color; black (99%) eye color; bright red (59%) and pale (41%) comb colour; white (82%) and yellow (17%) skin colour; no definite (61%) and lacing (17%) feather pattern; medium (70%) and large (19%) body size; single comb (97%) and rudimentary spur (98%); medium egg size (80%); light brown (67%) and white (27%) egg shell colour. Regarding production traits, Deshi chickens have average hatch weight of 29 g; body weight at 4, 8, 12 weeks; weekly weight gain (0–12 weeks) of respectively of 77, 175, 315, 24 grams; age at first egg (175 days); weight of pullet (0.9 kg); mature body weight (1.3 kg); hatchability (52%); fertility (83%); annual egg production (45 -50 eggs); 9% mortality up to 500 days of age.The indigenous chicken population of Bangladesh has been undergoing genetic erosion since the 1960s, following the introduction of improved stock from developed countries. Efforts to sustain commercial hybrid broiler and layer chicken farming under intensive and semi-intensive production models have been tested, but efficiency of systematic characterization, screening, breed improvement and conservation programmes with the indigenous Deshi chickens at the smallholder village levels (in-situ) of Bangladesh are yet to be tested. Such an initiative may help to save these creatures from the grip of thethreat of extinction. This in turn may help to sustain village chicken production system in Bangladesh and could be a useful micro-economic strategy in the on-going poverty alleviation process in the country.

scholarly journals Analysis of Backyard Chicken Farmers Socio-Economic and Management Practices in District Quetta, Balochistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kamran Baseer Achakzai ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Shah ◽  
Ramla Achakzai
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Backyard Poultry ◽  
Gender Empowerment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Backyard Chicken

Socio-economic profile of backyard poultry farmers beside the prevailing management practices and flock profile was studied in nine union councils of District Quetta Balochistan; from November, 2016 to March, 2017. Primary data was collected from 99 households randomly selected from study area by using semi-structured questionnaire, while descriptive statistics were used to conclude the data. Study revealed that women were the only prevailing gender (100%) involved in rearing of backyard chicken in the area. Maximum (53%) number of respondents were in the age group of > 40 years, while more than half (58%) of poultry keepers were illiterate. Backyard poultry farming was much popular (79%) in house wives, whereas 75% of them were responsible for primary support of their household. Pashtoon ethnicity was the major (40%) group of respondents. 58% of the respondents reported a family with 10–20 members. 90% of the farmers provided shelter to their birds, made from mud and thatch (kacha). 80% of these birds were fed on kitchen waste and bread remnants. Average flock size was 27 birds, having 48% Desi (Indigenous chicken), 27% Fayoumi, 12 % Rhode Island Red (RIR) and 13% cross bred birds. Flocks were comprised of adult hen (71%), cock (15%) and chicks (14%). Annual egg production was 4190±171 eggs with 217±2.4 eggs produced per bird, whereas the average number of eggs consumed per family was 1314±48 eggs. Backyard poultry rearing offers a real opportunity to alleviate poverty and gender empowerment. The farmers should be further trained to improve the current feeding and management practices of these birds.

scholarly journals Chicken germplasms and their conservation in Bangladesh: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Chicken Population ◽  
Public Sector Research ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Parent Stock

The present article addresses the scenario of chicken genetic resources, their production and reproduction performances and their conservation in Bangladesh. The chickens, among other poultry species available in the country, are the most versatile component for meat and egg production. The chicken germplasms available in the country are indigenous, exotic, crossbred, and commercial hybrid. The indigenous chicken population is comprised of Non-descript Desi (ND), Naked Neck (NN), Aseel (AS), Hilly (H), Native Dwarf and Jungle Fowl etc. The exotic chicken such as, White Leghorn (WL), White Rock (WR), White Cornish (WC), Rhode Island Red (RIR), Australorp, Fayoumi, Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR) etc. are imported mostly to upgrade the indigenous stock. The crossbred of different chickens are used in the country in intensive, semi-intensive and scavenging management system. The commercial hybrid such as grandparent stock (GP), parent stock (PS), commercial broiler, commercial layer etc. has got most popularity for meat and egg production in the country. Conservation and improvement program of endangered native chicken such as Aseel and Native Dwarf chicken should be taken both in-situ or ex-situ in vivo by public sector/research institutes/universities. SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 119-134 (2019)

scholarly journals Breeding for the improvement of indigenous chickens of Bangladesh: evaluation of performance of first generation of indigenous chicken

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Shakila Faruque ◽  
AKFH Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Yousuf Ali ◽  
Ziaul Faruque Joy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Evaluation Of Performance ◽  
Foundation Stock

Pure breeding is necessary for the conservation and improvement of indigenous chicken genetic resources. Present research is a part of the long-term selection program being undertaken to evaluate the performance and expected response to selection of first generation (G1) of three indigenous chicken genotypes under intensive management in Bangladesh. A total of 1439-day-old chicks comprising of 3 genotypes namely Naked Neck (NN), Hilly (H) and Non-descript Desi (ND) were hatched for this study. In first generation (G1), selection was practiced on body weight at 8 and 16 weeks of age, on the basis of their breeding value. At 40-week of age, selection will be practiced on the basis of an index comprising the parameters of age at first egg (ASM), body weight (BW), egg production (EP) and egg weight (EW). At 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age, six birds from each genotype were slaughtered to analyze the meat yield traits. Data were analyzed in CRD by General Linear Model Univariate Procedure. Significantly (P<0.001) highest body weight of day-old chicks (28.65±0.12 g) and daily weight gain in all stages were found in H genotype than other two genotypes. Although there was significant (P<0.001) difference in live weight between ages at slaughter, dressing percent (65.87 - 66.89 %) of different ages was similar (P>0.05) but was affected (P<0.001) by genotype. Body weight at 8 weeks of age was expected to improve by 58.98 vs. 11.50; 81.56 vs. 40.91 and 53.81 vs. 15.82 g; respectively for ND, H and NN males and females. In terms of body weight and growth traits H genotype was superior and NN genotype was for dressing percentage. As a result of selection; chick weight, body weight at all stages increased and ASM reduced in first generation than foundation stock. These findings give an impetus for continuing the pure breeding research for more generations.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2017, 3(1): 72-79

scholarly journals Qualitative Traits and Genetic Characterization of Native Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Selected Areas of Eastern and Western Samar, Philippines

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-70
Author(s):  
Cyrill John Godinez ◽  
Masahide Nishibori ◽  
Dinah Espina
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Plumage Color ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Red Junglefowl ◽  
Commercial Line ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Native Chickens

The Philippines has a number ofchicken genetic groups, mostly of non-descript and indigenous type. In view of the need to expand the information on native chicken diversity, this study was conducted to identify distinct qualitative traits and estimate genetic diversity and relationship among native chicken populations in selected areas of Eastern and Western Samar, Philippines. A total of 100 native chickens were qualitatively analyzed using a non-parametrictest, and 43 generated mtDNA sequences were used in the genetic analysis. Results revealed significantly different distributions of plumage color among male native chickens and shank color in female native chickens (p<0.05). The occurrence of plumage pattern, earlobecolor and shank colorfor male native chickens and plumage color, plumage pattern, and earlobe color for female native chickens across Samar Island is not different (p>0.05). The genetic relationship showed 41.2% native chicken populations clustered to a group shared by Red junglefowl and native chicken, 29.4% clustered to a group closer to White Leghorn, and White Plymouth Rock chicken breeds, 17.6% clustered to a group shared by G, g. spadiceus and a commercial line, and 11.7% clustered to a group closer to Rhode Island Red and a commercial egg layer line. Samar native chickens had red (wild-type, e+) laced (lg) and brown (eg) pencilled (Pg) plumage in rooster and hen, respectively. The phenotypic and genetic information concluded that there is considerable diversity of native chickens in Samar, Philippines. There is a tremendous opportunity to work with larger sample size in the areas where a number of indigenous chickens have notyetbeen characterized.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity at major histocompatibility complex and its effect on production and immune traits in indigenous chicken breeds of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Santosh Haunshi ◽  
Divya Devara ◽  
Kannaki Ramasamy ◽  
Rajkumar Ullengala ◽  
Rudra Nath Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Immune Traits ◽  
Mhc Alleles

Abstract. The genetic diversity at major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in indigenous chicken breeds of India (Ghagus and Nicobari) in comparison with the White Leghorn (WLH) breed was investigated by genotyping the MHC-linked LEI0258 marker. Altogether 38 alleles and 96 genotypes were observed among three breeds. The observed and effective alleles were highest in Ghagus (23, 8.3) followed by Nicobari (14, 3.2) and WLH (10 and 2.2) breeds. The size of alleles ranged from 193 to 489 bp in Ghagus, 193 to 552 bp in Nicobari and 241 to 565 bp in the WLH breed. The number of private alleles was also highest in Ghagus (18) followed by Nicobari (8) and WLH (5) breeds. The most frequent allele was 261 bp in WLH (66 %), 343 bp in Nicobari (50.4 %) and 309 bp in the Ghagus (28.15 %) breed. Observed and expected heterozygosities were highest in Ghagus (0.83, 0.88) followed by Nicobari (0.58, 0.68) and WLH (0.53, 0.54). The genetic distance (Nei) between Ghagus and Nicobari breeds (2.24) was higher as compared to that of Ghagus and WLH (1.23) and that between Nicobari and WLH breeds (0.89). Association analysis revealed significant influence of MHC alleles on body weight, egg production in Ghagus and WLH breeds and antibody titres to Newcastle disease vaccine in the Nicobari breed.

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