scholarly journals Qualitative Traits and Genetic Characterization of Native Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Selected Areas of Eastern and Western Samar, Philippines

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-70
Author(s):  
Cyrill John Godinez ◽  
Masahide Nishibori ◽  
Dinah Espina
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Plumage Color ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Red Junglefowl ◽  
Commercial Line ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Native Chickens

The Philippines has a number ofchicken genetic groups, mostly of non-descript and indigenous type. In view of the need to expand the information on native chicken diversity, this study was conducted to identify distinct qualitative traits and estimate genetic diversity and relationship among native chicken populations in selected areas of Eastern and Western Samar, Philippines. A total of 100 native chickens were qualitatively analyzed using a non-parametrictest, and 43 generated mtDNA sequences were used in the genetic analysis. Results revealed significantly different distributions of plumage color among male native chickens and shank color in female native chickens (p<0.05). The occurrence of plumage pattern, earlobecolor and shank colorfor male native chickens and plumage color, plumage pattern, and earlobe color for female native chickens across Samar Island is not different (p>0.05). The genetic relationship showed 41.2% native chicken populations clustered to a group shared by Red junglefowl and native chicken, 29.4% clustered to a group closer to White Leghorn, and White Plymouth Rock chicken breeds, 17.6% clustered to a group shared by G, g. spadiceus and a commercial line, and 11.7% clustered to a group closer to Rhode Island Red and a commercial egg layer line. Samar native chickens had red (wild-type, e+) laced (lg) and brown (eg) pencilled (Pg) plumage in rooster and hen, respectively. The phenotypic and genetic information concluded that there is considerable diversity of native chickens in Samar, Philippines. There is a tremendous opportunity to work with larger sample size in the areas where a number of indigenous chickens have notyetbeen characterized.

scholarly journals Indian Red Jungle fowl depicts close genetic relationship with Indian native chicken breeds as evidenced through whole mitochondrial genome intersection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kanakachari ◽  
R.N. Chatterjee ◽  
U. Rajkumar ◽  
S. Haunshi ◽  
M. R. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Study ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Red Jungle Fowl ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Native Chickens

AbstractNative chickens are dispersed in a wide range of geometry and they have influenced hereditary assets that are kept by farmers for various purposes. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a widely utilized marker in molecular study because of its quick advancement, matrilineal legacy, and simple molecular structure. In a genomics study, it is important for understanding the origins, history, and adjustment of domestication. In this report, for the first time, we utilized Next-generation sequencing (NGS) to investigate the mitochondrial genomes and to evaluate the hereditary connections, diversity, and measure of gene stream estimation in seven Indian native chicken breeds along with twenty-two Asian native breeds. The absolute length of each mtDNA was 16775bp harboring 4 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, 12 protein-coding genes, and 1 D-loop region. The chicken breeds were genotyped by using the D-loop region and 23 haplotypes were identified. In addition, when compared to only Indian native breeds more haplotypes were identified in the NADH dehydrogenase subunit (ND4 and ND5), Cytochrome c oxidase subunit (COXI and COXII), Cytochrome b, mitochondrial encoded ATP synthase membrane subunit 6, and Ribosomal RNA genes. The phylogenetic examination utilizing N-J computational algorithms indicated that the analyzed all native chicken breeds were divided into six significant clades: A, B, C, D, E, and F. All Indian native breeds are coming under the F clade and it says all Indian breeds are domesticated in India. Besides, the sequencing results effectively distinguished SNPs, INDELs, mutations, and variants in seven Indian native breeds. Additionally, our work affirmed that Indian Red Jungle Fowl is the origin of reference Red Jungle Fowl as well as all Indian breeds, which is reflected in the dendrogram as well as network analysis based on whole mtDNA and D-loop region. Albeit, Indian Red Jungle Fowl is distributed as an outgroup, proposing that this ancestry was reciprocally monophyletic. The seven Indian native chickens of entire mtDNA sequencing and disclosure of variations gave novel insights about adaptation mechanisms and the significance of important mtDNA variations in understanding the maternal lineages of native chickens.

scholarly journals Possibility to use erythrocyte antigens and feather coloration genes to determine resistance to non-plastic diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (99) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
L. P. Livoschenko ◽  
Y. M. Livoschenko
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Plumage Color ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Lymphoid Leukemia ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Sarcoma Virus

Non-plastic diseases are a problem in both medical and veterinary practice. These include lymphoid leukemia (LL) and Marek's disease (CM). It should be noted that HM causes losses to poultry three times higher than LL. CM is a highly contagious viral neoplastic disease of chickens. It is known that the degree of resistance of different breeds and lines of chickens to Marek's disease (CM) and lymphoid leukemia (LL) is not the same. To date, little attention has been paid to the role of erythrocyte antigenic factors in the bird's response to morbidity. There is a relationship between the incidence among vaccinated birds and the natural susceptibility to HM birds of certain breeds and lines. The effect of protective reactions in chickens associated with erythrocyte antigenic factors in poultry selected for resistance to non-plastic diseases is still unclear. The objects of the study were chickens and 11-day-old embryos of poultry from one of the farms of Ukraine. The studies were performed on Rhode Island, Leghorn D4 and P-37 chickens. Standard strains of Rouse's sarcoma virus (HRV) were used in the study. Embryos of 11 days of incubation were infected with Rouse virus on the chorio-allantoic membrane (САМ). The results of the studies proved that the resistance to HRV had a significantly opposite correlation only with the presence of B16 antigen and the absence of X31. In chickens of the P-37 line we noted a probable difference in the number of birds of different genetic groups at loci B18 and E 8. Among birds of this line of genotypes rs and ss no individuals with locus E8 were found, while among chickens with genotype rr rarely found a bird with a locus B18. In hens of line D-4 with genotype rr, the frequency of the A12 locus was set more often than in genotypes rs and ss. As for the frequency of the B33 locus, the opposite pattern was observed. Tumor regression was probably more common in birds with antigenic factor B1 and in the absence of B33. Hypersensitivity to non-plastic diseases of chickens carrying B2, B21, B29, X50 antigens has been established. The bird, more resistant to neoplasms, had an increased number of antigens B3, B18, C26. and research in this direction continues. It is assumed that the plumage color gene (s), if present in homozygous form, is an inhibitor of sensitivity. The experiments used embryos and chickens with different plumage color: red, black, white with a yellow tinge, pure white. Their ratio is approximately 2:1:1 or 3 parts “colored” and 1 part white. It was found that among the “colored” embryos were more stable than sensitive. In fact, the resulting cleavage was close to expected.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity among Egyptian and Saudi chicken ecotypes and local Egyptian chicken breeds using microsatellite markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
A. Sabry ◽  
◽  
S. Ramadan ◽  
M.M. Hassan ◽  
A.A. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Endangered Status

Aim: To assess genetic diversity of two chicken ecotypes from Egypt and Saudi Arabia and compare these ecotypes to six local Egyptian and two exotic pure chicken breeds using 14 microsatellite markers. Methodology: Dataset consisted of two subsets. First subset represented two ecotypes from Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Second dataset consisted birds six Egyptian native chicken strains: Fayoumi (FAY), Dandarawy (DAN), Baladi (BAL), Sinai (Sini), El-Salam (Els) and Golden Montazah (GG), and two commercial strains: White Leghorn (WL) and Rhode Island Red (RIR). fourteen microsatellites markers were utilized to assess DNA polymorphism. Data analyses of the results were carried out using R statistical environment. Results: The obtained results indicated that number of alleles per locus averaged 11.4 ± 5.0. Polymorphic information content was informative (> 50%) for the local breeds, but not for two ecotypes. The observed and expected heterozygosity averaged 0.46 and 0.75, both ecotypes had the lowest estimates. All breeds showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium expectation. The average population differentiation index (FST) was 0.143, overall heterozygosity deficiency (FIT) was 0.156, and global inbreeding of individuals within breeds (FIS) was 0.319. Interpretation: This study revealed that both Egyptian and Saudi ecotypes have an endangered status. Lower genetic distances and lower FST values were reported for the Egyptian indigenous breeds. Phylogenetic and principle components showed that both ecotypes were genetically closer to each other when compared with other breeds. It also showed that the Dandarawy native Egyptian chicken breed was genetically the closest breed to both the Egyptian and Saudi ecotypes. Key words: Chicken, Ecotypes, Genetic diversity, Microsatellites, Phylogenetics

scholarly journals Current Status of Indigenous and Highly Productive Chicken Breeds in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bayesa Tolasa
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Plumage Color ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Reproduction Performance ◽  
Chicken Breeds

In Ethiopia, chicken production plays an important role in providing human food consumption, growth of domestic products, and creating employment opportunities. Despite their importance, the production and reproduction performance of chickens in the country is under expectation owing to the gap between low productive indigenous and low adaptive ability of highly productive chicken breeds. By considering this, the present paper aims to deliver, synthesize, and summarize the compiled information on the current status of indigenous and highly productive chicken breeds. Currently, there are several highly productive chicken breeds available in Ethiopia. Among these, Rhode Island Red, Fayoumi, Potchefstroom Koekoek, Sasso, Bovan Brown, Issa Brown, and Leghorn are being kept under various husbandry systems. Besides, indigenous chicken ecotypes such as barley plumage color, red plumage color, white plumage color, and black plumage color have been characterized in the country. However, the average annual egg production of indigenous and highly productive chicken breeds did not exceed 60 and 250 eggs, respectively. On the other hand, the meat production ability of indigenous chickens is limited as cockerels and pullets may reach 1.5 and 1.05 kilogram live weight at 6 months of age, respectively. Concerning the husbandry system, a majority of owners supplied feed to chickens on the ground and water in plastic containers while scavenging is being the common feeding system in most parts of the country. Furthermore, the majority of the owners are using no separate housing system and treat their chickens traditionally. Thus, awareness should be emphasized on enhancing the improvement of chicken husbandry systems for better production and reproduction performance.

scholarly journals Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella enterica Serovars Isolated from Chicken at Wet Markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Nure Alam Siddiky ◽  
Md Samun Sarker ◽  
Md. Shahidur Rahman Khan ◽  
Ruhena Begum ◽  
Md. Ehsanul Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Native Chickens

Virulent and multi drug resistant (MDR) Salmonellaenterica is a foremost cause of foodborne diseases and had serious public health concern globally. The present study was undertaken to identify the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Salmonellaenterica serovars recovered from chicken at wet markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 870 cecal contents of broiler, sonali, and native chickens were collected from 29 wet markets. The overall prevalence of S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, and untyped Salmonella spp., were found to be 3.67%, 0.57%, and 1.95% respectively. All isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for eight virulence genes, namely invA, agfA, IpfA, hilA, sivH, sefA, sopE, and spvC. S. Enteritidis isolates carried all virulence genes whilst S. Typhimurium isolates carried six virulence genes except sefA and spvC. A diverse phenotypic and genotypic AMR pattern was found. Harmonic descending trends of resistance patterns were observed among the broiler, sonali, and native chickens. Interestingly, virulent and MDR Salmonella enterica serovars were found in native chicken, although antimicrobials were not used in their production cycle. The research findings anticipate that virulent and MDR Salmonella enterica are roaming in the wet markets which can easily anchor to the vendor, consumers, and in the food chain.

​​Differential Disease Resistance of Indian Native Chicken Breeds to Experimental P. multocida Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. Kannaki ◽  
E. Priyanka ◽  
M. Abhilash ◽  
Santosh Haunshi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Death Time ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Chicken Breeds

Background: Native chicken breeds are considered more disease tolerant than exotic chicken breeds especially for the bacterial diseases. Aseel, Ghagus and Vanaraja chicken breeds/ variety were evaluated for the disease tolerance/susceptibility pattern after experimental infection with P. multocida A:1 isolate. Methods: A total of 72 birds of three breeds viz., Aseel, Ghagus and Vanaraja (n=24 each) were divided into three groups. The birds were inoculated with 2.5x106 CFU/ml of virulent Pasteurella multocida A:1 isolate through intraperitoneal (I/P) and intranasal (I/N) routes at 12 weeks of age. Clinical signs, morbidity, mortality rates and lesions were observed in the infected birds. Result: The mortality rates were 83.3% in Assel breed against 100% in both Ghagus and Vanaraja breed in intraperitoneally infected groups. Upon intranasal infection, the mortality was 83.3% in Assel and Vanaraja breed against 100% in Ghagus breed. Aseel birds showed significantly better survivability and longer death time than Ghagus breed upon experimental infection with Pasteureall multocida A:1 isolate. Vanaraja breed showed tolerance comparable to Aseel in experimental infection via intranasal route.

​Effect of Hydrilla verticillata in Feed on Production Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Thai Native Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Boonkeaw ◽  
W. Ngampongsai ◽  
N. Preuksa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Native Chickens

Background: Producing Thai native chickens through feed commercial is costly. To reduce the cost, native chicken could be fed with local plants or agricultural waste. Hyrrilla verticillate, a dominate macrophyte in Songkhla Lagoon, contain high crude protein and nitrogen free extract. Therefore, this research studied the use of Hydrilla verticillate in Thai native chicken diet on production performance, carcass characteristics and production cost. Methods: The experiment was executed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 180 one-day-old commercial Thai native chicks. Four dietary treatments supplemented with 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% Hydrilla verticillata were formulated for three different phases of the experimental chickens: starter (1-4 weeks), grower (5-8 weeks) and finisher (9-12 weeks). Two chickens from each replicate were chosen for the carcass characteristics study. Result: During the starter phase, there was no notable effect shown among the chickens fed with the diet containing Hydrilla verticillata in terms of feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG) (P greater than 0.05). The control chickens had best feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P less than 0.05), while the grower and the finisher periods, provided with different levels of Hydrilla verticillata, revealed no apparent differences (P greater than 0.05) concerning FI, BWG and FCR. Considering carcass characteristics, there were significant differences in live weight (LW) (P less than 0.05). But, no significant differences between treatments for hot carcass percentage, pectoralis majors, pectoralis minorstrip, thighs, wings, drumsticks and total edible carcass (P greater than 0.05). There were also statistical divergences regarding gizzard weight (GW) (P less than 0.05).

scholarly journals Haematological and biochemical profiles of Gallus indigenous, exotic and hybrid chicken breeds (Gallus domesticus l.) from Rajshahi, Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ripon Kumar Dutta ◽  
M Saiful Islam ◽  
Md Ashraful Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Differential Counts

A comparative account of haemato-biochemical profiles of an indigenus (IND) and five chicken breeds: viz. Cobb 500 (COB), cockerel (COC), Fayoumi (FAY), Rhode Island Red (RIR), and Sonali (SON, derived from RIR cock × FAY hen), has been presented. The haematological profile included total counts (TC) of RBC, WBC, platelets, haemoglobin (Hb%) and ESR and differential counts (DC) of WBC included neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and basophils. All the haematological parameters except WBC, ESR and basophils showed significant difference among the breeds (P < 0.01). Vital biochemical parameters from blood sera such as calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, glucose and urea also showed significant difference among the chicken breeds (P < 0.05). The haematobiochemical parameters, however, were not significantly correlated (P > 0.05) with each other among the chicken breeds. Except for cholesterol vs. urea in IND, none of the correlations tested for haemato-biochemical profiles of the experimental chickens was found significant. Relevance of this study in relation to health, clinico-pathology and improved breeding strategies of the poultry species in the country has been discussed.Bangladesh J. Zool. 41(2): 135-144, 2013

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