Vibration Analysis for Machine Monitoring and Diagnosis: A Systematic Review

Untimely machinery breakdown will incur significant losses, especially to the manufacturing company as it affects the production rates. During operation, machines generate vibrations and there are unwanted vibrations that will disrupt the machine system, which results in faults such as imbalance, wear, and misalignment. Thus, vibration analysis has become an effective method to monitor the health and performance of the machine. The vibration signatures of the machines contain important information regarding the machine condition such as the source of failure and its severity. Operators are also provided with an early warning for scheduled maintenance. Numerous approaches for analyzing the vibration data of machinery have been proposed over the years, and each approach has its characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. This manuscript presents a systematic review of up-to-date vibration analysis for machine monitoring and diagnosis. It involves data acquisition (instrument applied such as analyzer and sensors), feature extraction, and fault recognition techniques using artificial intelligence (AI). Several research questions (RQs) are aimed to be answered in this manuscript. A combination of time domain statistical features and deep learning approaches is expected to be widely applied in the future, where fault features can be automatically extracted from the raw vibration signals. The presence of various sensors and communication devices in the emerging smart machines will present a new and huge challenge in vibration monitoring and diagnosing.

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Research on transformer vibration monitoring and diagnosis based on Internet of things

Journal of Intelligent Systems ◽

10.1515/jisys-2020-0111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 677-688

Author(s):

Zhenzhuo Wang ◽

Amit Sharma

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Power Distribution ◽

Vibration Analysis ◽

Vibration Monitoring ◽

Power Transformers ◽

Normal Operation ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Power Distribution Network ◽

Monitoring And Diagnosis ◽

Distribution Transformers

Abstract A recent advent has been seen in the usage of Internet of things (IoT) for autonomous devices for exchange of data. A large number of transformers are required to distribute the power over a wide area. To ensure the normal operation of transformer, live detection and fault diagnosis methods of power transformers are studied. This article presents an IoT-based approach for condition monitoring and controlling a large number of distribution transformers utilized in a power distribution network. In this article, the vibration analysis method is used to carry out the research. The results show that the accuracy of the improved diagnosis algorithm is 99.01, 100, and 100% for normal, aging, and fault transformers. The system designed in this article can effectively monitor the healthy operation of power transformers in remote and real-time. The safety, stability, and reliability of transformer operation are improved.

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Periodic and Continuous Vibration Monitoring for Preventive/Predictive Maintenance of Rotating Machinery

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.3240019 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 109 (2) ◽

pp. 159-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

W. C. Laws ◽

A. Muszynska

Keyword(s):

Vibration Analysis ◽

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Predictive Maintenance ◽

Vibration Monitoring ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Monitoring Systems ◽

High Quality ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Vibration Data

The application of vibration monitoring as part of Preventive/Predictive Maintenance programs is discussed. Several alternative methods, including periodic and continuous monitoring techniques, are described. Emphasis is given to the importance of selecting vibration transducers with due regard for the specific machinery type. The equally important need to install monitoring systems which are cost effective and provide genuinely useful information for maintenance engineers and vibration analysts is also highlighted. It is argued that critical machinery should be monitored continuously, and in cases when more detailed investigation is required that high-quality Predictive Maintenance vibration analysis techniques be applied. The need is also emphasized for specialist interpretation of vibration data in order to identify specific machinery malfunctions, of which several examples are given.

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Vibrational Diagnostics of Rotating Machinery Malfunctions

International Journal of Rotating Machinery ◽

10.1155/s1023621x95000108 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 1 (3-4) ◽

pp. 237-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Agnes Muszynska

Keyword(s):

Rotating Machinery ◽

Vibration Monitoring ◽

Process Data ◽

Vibration Data ◽

Machine Monitoring ◽

Vibration Responses ◽

Actual Field ◽

Vibrational Diagnostics ◽

Monitoring And Diagnostics ◽

Machinery Diagnostics

This paper outlines rotating machinery malfunction diagnostics using vibration data in correlation with operational process data. The advantages of vibration monitoring systems as a part of preventive/predictive maintenance programs are emphasized. After presenting basic principles of machinery diagnostics, several specific malfunction symptoms supported by simple mathematical models are given. These malfunctions include unbalance, excessive radial load, rotor-to-stator rubbing, fluid-induced vibrations, loose stationary and rotating parts, coupled torsional/lateral vibration excitation, and rotor cracking. The experimental results and actual field data illustrate the rotor vibration responses for individual malfunctions. Application of synchronous and nonsynchronous perturbation testing used for identification of basic dynamic characteristics of rotors is presented. Future advancements in vibration monitoring and diagnostics of rotating machinery health are discussed. In the Appendix, basic instrumentation for machine monitoring is outlined.

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Excitation of Structural Resonance Due to a Bearing Failure

Volume 9: Mechanical Systems and Control, Parts A, B, and C ◽

10.1115/imece2007-41055 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Robert A. Leishear ◽

David B. Stefanko ◽

Jerald D. Newton

Keyword(s):

Structural Steel ◽

Vibration Analysis ◽

Natural Frequencies ◽

Excitation Frequency ◽

Vertical Direction ◽

Vibration Monitoring ◽

Bearing Failure ◽

Resonant Condition ◽

Vibration Data ◽

Sufficient Magnitude

Vibration due to a bearing failure in a pump created significant vibrations in a fifteen foot by fifteen foot by eight feet tall mounting platform due to excitation of resonant frequencies. In this particular application, an 18,000 pound pump was mounted to a structural steel platform. When bearing damage commenced, the platform vibrated with sufficient magnitude that conversations could not be heard within forty feet of the pump. Vibration analysis determined that the frequency of the bearing was coincident to one of the natural frequencies of the pump, which was, in turn, coincident to one of the natural frequencies of the mounting platform. This coincidence of frequencies defines resonance. Resonance creates excessive vibrations when the natural frequency of a structure is coincident to an excitation frequency. In this well documented case, the excitation frequency was related to ball bearing failures. The pump is a forty foot long vertical pump used to mix nuclear waste in 1,300,000 gallon tanks. A 300 horsepower drive motor is mounted to a structural steel platform on top of the tank. The pump hangs down into the tank from above to mix the waste and is inaccessible after installation. Initial awareness of the problem was due to increased noise from the pump. Initial vibration analysis indicated that the vibration levels of the bearing were within the expected range for this type of bearing, and the resonant condition was not obvious. Further analysis consisted of disassembly of the motor to inspect the bearings and extensive vibration monitoring. Vibration data for the bearings was obtained from the manufacturer and compared to measured vibration plots for the pump and mounting platform. Vibration data measured along the length of the pump was available from full scale testing, and vibrations were also measured at the installed pump. One of the axial frequencies of the pump, the platform frequency in the vertical direction, and the ball spin frequency for the bearing were multiples of each other. This resonant condition was detected before other damage occurred, and further damage due to the resonant condition was prevented through vibration analysis.

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A Vibration Data Acquisition System Based on ICP Sensor and Cortex-M3

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 303-306 ◽

pp. 1017-1020

Author(s):

Si Quan Hu ◽

Chun Dong She ◽

Hui Yao

Keyword(s):

Data Acquisition ◽

Seismic Data ◽

Current Source ◽

Data Gathering ◽

Data Acquisition System ◽

Vibration Monitoring ◽

Constant Current ◽

Constant Current Source ◽

Vibration Data ◽

Machine Monitoring

Vibration data acquisition has comprehensive applications such as machine monitoring, seismic data gathering. This paper presented a design of a vibration monitoring system based on an ICP acceleration sensor and a Cortex-M3 microcontroller. The sensor modulation circuit is illustrated in detail including the constant current source and filtering. An evaluation on the prototype is developed and the results show that our design can successfully monitor the vibration situations of interested objects.

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MODERN EQUIPMENT FOR DETERMINING TRACTOR-SPEED PROPERTIES OF THE VEHICLE: CHARACTERISTICS’ ANALYSIS IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS

The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal ◽

10.26518/2071-7296-2019-3-276-289 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 276-289

Author(s):

N. V. Savenkov ◽

V. V. Ponyakin ◽

S. A. Chekulaev ◽

V. V. Butenko

Keyword(s):

Environmental Performance ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Special Role ◽

Development Stages ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Force Transfer ◽

Characteristics Analysis ◽

And Performance ◽

Loading Devices ◽

Structural Solutions

Introduction. At present, stands with running drums are widely used for various types of tests. Power stands play a special role. Such stands take the mechanical power from the driving wheels of the car. This simulates the process of movement of the vehicle under operating conditions. Such equipment has various designs, principles of operation and performance. It is also used in tests that are different by purpose, development stages and types: research, control, certification, etc. Therefore, it is necessary in order to determine the traction-speed, fuel-efficient and environmental performance characteristics.Materials and methods. The paper provides the overview of the power stands with running drums, which are widespread on the domestic market. The authors carried out the analysis of the main structural solutions: schemes of force transfer between the wheel and the drum; types of loading devices; transmission layout schemes and features of the control and measuring complex. The authors also considered corresponding advantages and disadvantages, recommended spheres of application, demonstrated parameters and characteristics of the units’ workflow, presented components and equipment.Discussion and conclusions. The authors critically evaluate existing models of stands with running drums. Such information is useful for choosing serial models of stands and for developing technical tasks for designing or upgrading the equipment.

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Preferred teaching and learning approaches of students considered ‘Generation Y’ in health professions pre registration education: A comprehensive systematic review protocol

The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports ◽

10.11124/01938924-201311050-00007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 140-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Caroline Hills ◽

Kobie Boshoff ◽

Kirsty Jewell

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Generation Y ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

Health Professions ◽

Learning Approaches ◽

Systematic Review Protocol ◽

Review Protocol

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423 Massive Open Online Courses in Anatomy Education: A Systematic Review

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab134.139 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

J Cheong ◽

I Keenan

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Medical Education ◽

Online Courses ◽

Massive Open Online Courses ◽

Learning Approaches ◽

Discussion Forums ◽

Massive Open Online ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Literature Search Strategy ◽

Learning Development

Abstract Introduction Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have become increasingly popular for remotely delivering education to global audiences. MOOCs can provide an online platform for participants coming from a variety of professional backgrounds and international locations. Our systematic review investigated current literature surrounding MOOCs, and identified the value of such courses with respect to anatomical and medical education. Method Our literature search strategy involved exploring the PubMed database for the terms ’MOOC + Anatomy’ and ‘MOOC + Medical Education’ identified 290 relevant articles. Following implementation of the PRISMA criteria, 24 articles out of 290 were selected for inclusion in our systematic review. Results Participants completing MOOCs in anatomical and medical education generally showed increased knowledge and skills. We found that MOOC discussion forums encourage participants’ social learning development. MOOCs have shown to address participants’ needs and expectations while supplementing traditional learning approaches. However, the majority of experimental research studies did not include pre-post testing or appropriate controls. Furthermore, high levels of participant attrition, inability to address all learning approaches were identified as limitations with respect to MOOCs. Conclusions Although MOOCs have shown success in providing an excellent platform for learning, it has yet to show definitive improvements when compared to traditional teaching methods.

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Six Key Advantages and Disadvantages of Working from Home in Europe during COVID-19

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041826 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1826

Author(s):

Christine Ipsen ◽

Marc van Veldhoven ◽

Kathrin Kirchner ◽

John Paulin Hansen

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Work ◽

Well Being ◽

Key Factors ◽

Differential Impact ◽

Home Office ◽

Negative Experience ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Working From Home ◽

And Performance

The number of people working from home (WFH) increased radically during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate people’s experiences of WFH during the pandemic and to identify the main factors of advantages and disadvantages of WFH. Data from 29 European countries on the experiences of knowledge workers (N = 5748) WFH during the early stages of lockdown (11 March to 8 May 2020) were collected. A factor analysis showed the overall distribution of people’s experiences and how the advantages and disadvantages of WFH during the early weeks of the pandemic can be grouped into six key factors. The results indicated that most people had a more positive rather than negative experience of WFH during lockdown. Three factors represent the main advantages of WFH: (i) work–life balance, (ii) improved work efficiency and (iii) greater work control. The main disadvantages were (iv) home office constraints, (v) work uncertainties and (vi) inadequate tools. Comparing gender, number of children at home, age and managers versus employees in relation to these factors provided insights into the differential impact of WFH on people’s lives. The factors help organisations understand where action is most needed to safeguard both performance and well-being. As the data were collected amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, we recommend further studies to validate the six factors and investigate their importance for well-being and performance in knowledge work.

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