Proximate Composition of Thai and Cambodian Ready-to-Eat Insects

Samples of ready-to-eat snacks based on Lethocerus indicus, Gymnogryllus vietnamensis, Tarbinskiellus portentosus, Teleogryllus mitratus, Bombyx mori, Omphisa fuscidentalis, and Cybister limbatus were purchased in Cambodia and Thailand, and their proximate chemical composition (including Na and Cl) was analysed. Comparing the results with the few existing references from the literature (based on unprocessed specimens), marked differences occurred. This was expected as the insect chemical composition varies strongly intra- and interspecifically due to taxon, feeding, instar, and processing, among others. In general, the insects mainly consisted of fat (35 to 60%) and protein (25 to 38%), with 2 to 16% nitrogen-free extract, 2 to 15% fibre, 3 to 5% ashes, 0.4 to 1.6% Na, and 0.6 to 1.4% Cl (dry matter base). In this way, this contribution adds to the compositional knowledge about traditional insect-based foodstuffs. The combination of high fat and protein with low carbohydrates makes them suitable to combat nutrition disorders.

Download Full-text

Influence of Packaging Type on the Dynamics of Powdered Eggs Chemical Composition

Materiale Plastice ◽

10.37358/mp.17.2.4855 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 380-385

Author(s):

Alexandru Usturoi ◽

Cristina Simeanu ◽

Marius Giorgi Usturoi ◽

Marius Gheorghe Dolis ◽

Roxana Nicoleta Ratu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Low Density ◽

Nitrogen Free Extract ◽

Polyethylene Bags ◽

Proximate Chemical Composition

The aim of the study was to investigate the dynamics of the main chemical compounds in the powdered eggs stored under constant environmental conditions (temperature=10�0.5oC; relative humidity=65�1%) and packaged in bags made of different plastic fabric (Lc group = high density polyethylene - HDPE; Lexp group = low density polyethylene - LDPE). The assessments were run to measure the inner water and dry matter contents, as well as the ash, proteins, lipids and nitrogen free extract levels. The analysis of data gathered throughout 90 days of storage suggested that the product packaged in low density polyethylene bags - LDPE (Lexp group) absorbed +0.82% humidity from the environment, compared to Lc group (highly significant differences), lost 0.41% from its initial proteins level and 0.59% of the nitrogen free extract, while lipids and ash values were not affected by the experimental factor (different package). Consequently, it might be concluded that the type and quality of the utilised package could significantly influence the proximate chemical composition, due to the transfers from the outer storage environment toward the inner volume of the package, whose intensity is given by the direct influence of the barrier features of the fabric the packages are made of.

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition of Earthworm (Eisenia foetida) Co-Dried with Vegetable Meals as an Animal Feed

Ciencia y agricultura ◽

10.19053/01228420.v16.n2.2019.9130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 79-92

Author(s):

Kirenia Pérez-Corría ◽

Aroldo Botello-León ◽

Abril Karina Mauro-Félix ◽

Franklin Rivera-Pineda ◽

María Teresa Viana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Animal Species ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Eisenia Foetida ◽

Corn Meal ◽

Feed Ingredient ◽

Nitrogen Free Extract ◽

Market Requirement

To evaluate the chemical composition of the earthworm (Eisenia foetida) co-dried (EW) with vegetable meals (VM) as animal feed ingredient, the blends were mixed with wheat bran (WB), rice powder (RP), corn meal (CM) and soy cake meal (SCM) in proportions of 85:15; 75:25 and 65:35. The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CFA), crude fiber (CF), ashes and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) of the ingredients and final mixtures were determined. All the mixtures resulted with a high content of DM (≥90.00 %). No significant differences among the proportions were revealed (P>0.05). In addition, the higher inclusion of the earthworm in the proportions (85:15) increased (P<0.05) the CP (54.70 %), CFA (7.28 %), and ashes (10.20 %), mainly when mixed with SCM, CM, and RP, respectively. However, the use of vegetable meals proportionally increased the CF (7.31 %), and NFE (52.62 %), mainly with the proportion of 65:35 and with RP and CM, respectively (P<0.05). The results showed that the vegetable meals (WB, RP, CM, and SCM) are useful to co-dry the earthworm to be use for animal feed. It is concluded that the most appropriate proportion (VM:EW) will depend on the animal species, productive stage and market requirement.

Download Full-text

INFLUENCE DES CULTIVARS ET DES STADES DE CROISSANCE SUR LE RENDEMENT EN MATIERE SECHE ET LA COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE DE FOURRAGES D’AVOINE IMMATURE

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps84-127 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 935-943 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

PAUL GERVAIS

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Vegetative Stage ◽

Composition Chimique ◽

Stages Of Growth ◽

Nitrogen Free Extract ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dough Stage ◽

Detailed Chemical

The forage yields and the detailed chemical composition of six cultivars of oats harvested at the vegetative stage (three cuttings during the growing season to simulate grazing) and at the heading and dough stages (one cutting for silage) were established over a period of 3 yr. No significant difference in the dry matter yields of the cultivars was found within any of the three stages of growth. Highly significant increases in the yields, however, were recorded with advance in maturity from 4210 kg/ha at the vegetative stage to 6754 kg at heading and 9219 kg at dough stage. Likewise, the percent dry matter increased progressively from 12% to 19% to 33% for the same stages. In general, the organic and mineral compositions of the cultivars did not vary significantly within any stage of growth, but were influenced by the age of the tissues. The total digestible nutrient, the crude protein, the cell contents and the mineral elements Ca, P, K, Mg, Na, Zn and Fe decreased while the nitrogen-free extract, the cell walls, the lignin and the hemicellulose increased from the vegetative to the dough stage. The other constituents exhibited a less defined pattern or remained relatively stable from one stage to another.Key words: Yields, chemical composition, stages of growth, cultivars, forage oats

Download Full-text

Research on Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Green Fodder Used in Ecological Production of Eggs for Consumption

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.3.6175 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 682-687

Author(s):

Gherasim Nacu ◽

Maria Bologa ◽

Cecilia Pop ◽

Paul Corneliu Boisteanu ◽

Daniel Simeanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Organic Production ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Important Condition ◽

Nitrogen Free Extract ◽

Green Fodder

The aim of this paper is to study the chemical composition of a green fodder used in laying hens feeding raised in ecological system; organic fodder being an important condition to obtain organic eggs for consumption. In order to evaluate the chemical composition variations of the green fodder throughout the year, there were taken plants samples in three different vegetation stages (May, September and October). To each period, were done 5 determinations for the following indicators: dry matter - DM (%), ash - Ash (%), crude protein - CP (%), ether extract - EE (%), crude fiber -CF(%), nitrogen free extract - (NFE%) calcium � Ca(%), phosphorus - P(%), magnesium - Mg (%), natrium -Na(%). And also, were analyzed the relevant indexes for the organic production: lead -Pb (mg/kg DM), cadmium - Cd (mg/kg DM), cooper -Cu (mg/kg DM), zinc - Zn (mg/kg DM) nitrites (ppm), nitrates (ppm), pesticides. After analysis, it was noticed that dry matter, minerals, organic matter and protein content varied very significantly between the first period and the third (p �0.001), while the fat content, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract did not register significant differences (p �0.05). Regarding the minerals elements analyzed, P and Mg differed significantly distinctly between the first and the last analyzed period. The content of green fodder in Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn was below the limits allowed by current legislation. The analyses for pesticides have highlighted the lack of them in the fodder. The quality parameters of the analyzed green fodder, expressed through levels of pollutants such as heavy metals, nitrites, nitrates, pesticides, allow us to notify that the green fodders achieve the conditions necessary for organic production.

Download Full-text

Effect of stage of growth and frequency of cutting on the yield and chemical composition of some Nigerian fodder grasses—Panicum maximum Jacq

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600023212 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 339-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

V. A. Oyenuga

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Percentage Content ◽

Nitrogen Free Extract ◽

Green Fodder ◽

Fodder Yield ◽

Guinea Grass

1. The effects of the stage of growth and frequency of cutting on the yield and chemical composition of Panicum maximum Jacq., under the tropical humid conditions prevailing in Ibadan area were studied in the season 1953 to 1954. The cutting frequencies adopted were seventeen, eight, six and four times harvesting a year which corresponded respectively to a growing period of 3, 6, 8 and 12 weeks before the plants were cut.2. It was shown that Guinea grass gave the highest growth rate and cumulative green fodder yield (approximately 28 tons per acre) per year when allowed a 12-weekly growth cycle. Cutting the grass every 3 weeks gave a total minimum yield of 20 tons per acre. 6-weekly samplings resulted in higher green fodder yield than cutting it every 8 weeks. Such yield differences which exist among the various cutting treatments, however, are not statistically significant. When yields of edible (leafy) green fodder were considered, the order of superiority was 3-weekly > 6-weekly > 12-weekly > 8-weekly.It was shown that the increased yield of green and dry fodder obtained from the 12-weekly cut grass was made up of both fresh regrowth as well as of grasses which had been growing for 12 weeks.3. P. maximum contains a fairly high percentage of dry matter and this increased directly with the length of cutting intervals. Dry-matter yields, like those of green fodder, were highest for the 12-weekly harvested material, followed in order by the 6-weekly cut, the 8-weekly cut and the 3-weekly cut samples. However, the production of leaves and the accumulation of dry matter in them, are inversely related to the length of growing interval up to and including grasses allowed 8-weekly growing periods.4. The stems of P. maximum tend to mature more rapidly than the leaves, particularly at a growing stage of between 3 and 6 weeks of age. At between the 8 and 12 week growth stages, the development of the stem of P. maximum in relation to that of its leaves was not as rapid as observed in the case of either P. purpureum or of Andropogon tectorum.5. The percentage dry matter, nitrogen-free extract, ether extract and calcium are directly related, while those of crude protein, silica-free ash, phosphorus and magnesium, are inversely related to the length of cutting intervals. It was also shown that the mean percentage crude protein of Guinea grass of about 12 at 3 weeks of growth, declined by 45% to 6·4 when the grass was cut every 12 weeks. The grass contains a high amount of magnesium, a reasonably high amount of calcium, but a somewhat low content of phosphorus, a fact which accounts for the wide calcium to phosphorus ratio. This ratio widened with the length of cutting intervals.6. When Panicum maximum was cut at 3 -weekly intervals, it produced 69·3% more protein, 58·5% more silica-free ash, 32·3% more calcium, 49·6% more phosphoric acid, 71% more magnesium and higher amounts of carbohydrate and total nutrient material than when it was allowed to grow for 8 weeks. Similarly when the grass was allowed a 12-weekly growth cycle, it produced 35% more of total nutrient, 36·5% more of carbohydrate material and 62·2% more of calcium than when it was sampled every 8 weeks. It appears totally unprofitable from the point of view of yield of chemical constituents to subject P. maximum to a growth cycle of 8 weeks.7. Yields of green and dry matter and the percentage crude protein, silica-free ash, and nitrogen-free extract are directly related to the degree of precipitation. In general periods of high rainfall were accompanied by higher yields and percentage content of these constituents, while periods of low rainfall gave rise to smaller yields. The percentage content of crude fibre, on the other hand, was inversely related to rainfall.

Download Full-text

ETUDE SUR LE RENDEMENT ET LA COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE DE SIX CULTIVARS D’AVOINE RECOLTES EN VERT

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps81-087 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 633-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

PAUL GERVAIS ◽

C. A. ST-PIERRE

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Composition Chimique ◽

Nitrogen Free Extract ◽

Protein Fiber ◽

Dough Stage

The forage yield and the chemical composition of six cultivars of oats seeded on two dates at an interval of 2 wk and harvested at the dough stage were studied over a 3-yr period. Within each date of seeding, the factors cultivar, maturity and height of straw did not influence significantly the yield of dry matter. Delaying the seeding reduced the yield by 25%. No significant differences were recorded between cultivars in the average percentages of protein, fiber, nitrogen-free extract, fat, ash and calculated total digestible nutrients. Of the nine minerals analyzed (Ca, P, K, Mg, Na, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu), only Na in both seedings and Mg in the early seeding varied significantly.

Download Full-text

Proximate Chemical Composition of Dried Shrimp and Tilapia Waste Bioflocs Produced by Two Drying Methods

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9020193 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 193

Author(s):

Tarq Binalshikh-Abubkr ◽

Marlia M. Hanafiah ◽

Simon Kumar Das

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Shrimp Waste ◽

Drying Method ◽

Iron Copper ◽

Nutrient Value ◽

Nitrogen Free Extract ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Proximate Chemical Composition

The effects of two waste sources, red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), and two drying methods (freeze-drying and oven-drying) on the proximate chemical composition of bioflocs were investigated. In total, four kinds of experimentally treated bioflocs were compared to identify the best waste source and drying method to produce biofloc of an acceptable nutrient value: freeze-dried shrimp biofloc (FDSBF), oven-dried shrimp biofloc (ODSBF), freeze-dried tilapia biofloc (FDTBF), and oven-dried tilapia biofloc (ODTBF). The protein, lipid, ash, fiber, total nitrogen free extract (NFE), and energy contents of the dried bioflocs ranged from 12.12 to 24.09 g/100 g, 0.35 to 0.92 g/100 g, 42.45 to 61.01 g/100 g, 7.43 to 17.11 g/100 g, 16.45 to 18.59 g/100 g, and 0.99 to 1.94 Kcal g−1, respectively. Statistically, there were significant differences within the means of the two biofloc sources in terms of their proximate compositions (p < 0.05). The average values between the drying methods for protein, lipid, total NFE, and energy were also significantly different, while no significant differences (p > 0.05) were recorded for ash and fiber. Amino acids (AAs) were higher in FDTBF, followed by ODTBF. The mineral profiles showed that phosphorous, potassium, manganese, selenium, and copper were higher in the tilapia waste bioflocs, while calcium, zinc, iron, copper, chromium, and cobalt were higher in the shrimp waste bioflocs. Although the statistical analysis showed that the shrimp waste bioflocs had higher levels of lipid, fiber, total NFE, and minerals, the tilapia waste bioflocs contained higher levels of potential AAs, energy, and protein, which are regarded as expensive ingredients in aquaculture feeding. This study indicates that biofloc derived from tilapia waste can be regarded as a more suitable source of biofloc meal (in terms of protein, ash, energy, and AAs) than biofloc derived from shrimp waste. Our findings also suggest that freeze-drying is a more effective drying method for drying biofloc, as it efficiently maintains nutritional quality.

Download Full-text

Chemical composition of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa l.) seeds fermented at varying durations

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v46i2.44 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 269-275

Author(s):

A. O. Angbulu ◽

S. Duru ◽

S. B. Afolayan ◽

B. M. Munza

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Trypsin Inhibitor ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Antinutritional Factors ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Nitrogen Free Extract ◽

Extract Content

A study was carried out to determine the chemical composition of roselle seeds fermented at varying durations. One kg cleaned Roselle seeds were soaked in 3L of water for 8 hours. The soaked seeds were drained and fermented for 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours as treatments. Samples of fermented roselle seeds at different duration of fermentations were analyzed for chemical composition including anti-nutritional factors. The results showed that there was significant (P<0.05) effect of fermentation duration on chemical composition and antinutritional factors of roselle seeds. Dry matter and crude protein content increased as fermentation duration increased from 0 to 96 hours. The highest dry matter (91.87%) and crude protein (35.05%) were obtained at 96 hours while crude fibre and ether extract decreased with increased fermentation duration. Crude fibre (6.55%) and ether extract (26.79%) were highest at 0 hours. Ash and nitrogen free extract content ranged from 5.41 – 5.78 % and 30.62 – 39.19 %, respectively. Anti-nutritional factor contents declined withincreased fermentation duration. The lowest values for saponin (2.02%), tannin (0.15%), phytic acid (5.44%) and trypsin inhibitor (8.93%) were obtained at 96 hours fermentation. It can be concluded that roselle seeds fermented for 96 hours enhanced nutrient availability and significantly reduced tannin, phytate, saponin and trypsin inhibitor anti-nutritional factors.

Download Full-text

Effects of brining process on nutrient composition of fish species (kharo, govazim and kijar) from Iran

International Journal of Agricultural Research Innovation and Technology ◽

10.3329/ijarit.v5i1.24585 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 36-39

Author(s):

Ali Aberoumand ◽

Saeed Ziaei Nejad

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Fish Species ◽

Proximate Composition ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Research Work ◽

Nutrient Composition ◽

Constant Concentration ◽

Nemipterus Japonicus ◽

Proximate Chemical Composition

This research work was directed on the study of the proximate chemical composition to compare the effect of the brining constant concentration and different times on the nutritive value of fish. The proximate composition of treated Chirocentrus nudus (protein, fat, ash and energetic value) for 8% salt and 18 h brining was 61.2%, 15.2%, 23.2% and 381.60 kcal/100g respectively. Fat and ash contents in brined fillets of Nemipterus japonicus and Saurida tumbil were found lower and more than C. nudus respectively. As for the proximate composition of C. nudus, it is clearly observed that all the studied parameters are significantly different in fresh and treated samples. Variations appeared in nutrients was due to the interaction of the salting treatment. It is concluded that fish treated C. nudus was best option.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 5 (1): 36-39, June, 2015

Download Full-text

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DIPLOID AUTOTETRAPLOID BARLEY VARIETIES

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps63-004 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. W. Sosulski ◽

E. N. Larter

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Stages Of Growth ◽

Nitrogen Free Extract ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

Feeding Value ◽

Diastatic Activity

Although the forages from six autotetraploid barley varieties harvested at the 5-leaf and mature stages of growth contained slightly more crude protein, their feeding value appeared inferior to diploid barley forages because of a lower dry matter and mineral content. Autotetraploid seeds exceeded the diploids by about one-third in percentage of crude protein, crude fiber, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium but were lower in moisture and nitrogen-free extract. A greater proportion of hulls was a contributing factor in the higher crude fiber and ash content of the autotetraploids. On the basis of their chemical composition, the autotetraploid seeds would make excellent livestock feeds.Prediction tests indicated that, in spite of the large seed and exceptionally high diastatic activity in the autotetraploids, their yield of barley extract would be too low for malting purposes.

Download Full-text