scholarly journals Apoptosis Activation and Autophagy Inhibition of Chondrocytes by Leptin by the Upregulation of LOXL3 in Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Qianhao Wei
Keyword(s):  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Lysyl Oxidase ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Working Adult ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Background. Osteoarthritis is one of the usual chronic musculoskeletal dysfunctions. It is one of the primary leading causes which leads to limitation of movement and absenteeism in the working adult population. Chondrocytes are the singlecellular-based component found in the cartilage which has an important role in the degradation of the cartilage. In recent studies, autophagy is observed to protect the human chondrocytes from stress.Leptin an adipokine managing food consumption and energy outlay. Chondrocytes indicate prolonged isoform of the leptin receptor where inside these cells theleptin signals individually or combine with the remaining molecules and promptthe indication of the pro-inflammatory molecules and cartilage disintegration enzymes. Materials and Methods. mRNA expressions of Lysyl oxidase-like 3 in tissues of cartilage and concentration of leptin from synovial fluidwere measured from all samples from disease-induced groups, sham group, and RAPA-treated groups via RT-PCR and immunoassays. Histopathological analysis was also performed post-induction of the rat osteoarthritis model by the anterior cruciate ligament transection method. Western blot analysis was done, and expressions were analyzed by autophagy and apoptosis regulatory markers. Cell apoptosis and cell survival were evaluated with the help of flow cytometry, respectively, in all groups. Result. mRNA of LOXL3 was increased in osteoarthritis models which were directly related to leptin concentration in SF. ACLT surgery caused an increase in cleaved caspase 3 protein levels, while a significant reduction in Bcl-2, Beclin1, and LC3 I was noted (figure 4,5). When LOXL3 was silenced in the ACLT group and leptin-treated group apoptosis was inhibited and autophagy, cell proliferation was promoted in primary chondrocytes. A significant increase in LOXL3 caused inhibition of autophagy in chondrocytes. Conclusion. LOXL3 has stimulated apoptosis while inhibited autophagy in chondrocytes; hence LOXL3 is a prominent target for treating osteoarthritis. Keywords:chondrocytes, LOXL3, Leptin, osteoarthritis, qRT-PCR, ACLT, mRNA.

Biomechanical and Histopathological Analysis on Different Approaches for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-614
Author(s):  
Li Shu ◽  
Hao Chai ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Rongxin Sun ◽  
Kan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Remnant Preservation ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the common injuries in sports and vehicle accidents. ACL decreases joint stability, leading to increased incidence of osteoarthritis. Although there are various approaches for the reconstruction of ACL, no consensus has been reached on the safest and most effective method to achieve joint stability. Here we have compared the biomechanical and histopathological outcomes of three different approaches: intra-articular ACL reconstruction, remnant-preserving and re-tensioning and non-remnant-preservation technique, using finite element analysis, histopathologic observation as well as qPCR and western blot analysis. Results of the current study showed no significant differences among the three methods concerning biomechanical, histopathological analysis and mRNA and protein levels of chondrocyte apoptotic markers such as JNK, MMP-1 and SIRT1 (P > 0 05). Those results indicated that remnant preservation techniques such as intra-articular ACL reconstruction and remnant-preserving and re-tensioning are similar in their ability to achieve joint stabilization and prevent chondrocyte regeneration to non-remnantpreservation technique.

scholarly journals IS PERCUTANEOUS MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT (MCL) RELAXATION DURING ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION A SAFE OPTION FOR GAINING ACCESS TO THE MEDIAL KNEE COMPARTMENT IN CHILDREN?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0004
Author(s):  
John A. Schlechter ◽  
Tanner Harrah ◽  
Bryn Gornick ◽  
Benjamin Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Medial Collateral Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Deep Infection ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Introduction: With participation in youth sports anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are a common occurrence. Nearly 70% of ACL tears in children and adolescents have an associated meniscus tear. Percutaneous medial collateral ligament (MCL) relaxation has been described as utilitarian in accessing the medial meniscus for diagnostic assessment and treatment in the adult population to increase medial compartment working space in arthroscopic surgery. The technique has not been evaluated in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of children and adolescents that underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with and without percutaneous relaxation of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) for meniscal tear management. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients aged 8 to 19 years old that had undergone knee arthroscopy for an (ACLR) with meniscus pathology. Those that underwent MCL relaxation were grouped together and compared to a matched cohort that did not have MCL relaxation performed. Preoperative, operative and postoperative data was analyzed. The primary measurement was obtained using a validated patient reported outcome score (Pedi-IKDC), secondary outcome measures were defined as superficial or deep infection, saphenous nerve dysesthesias, ACL graft failure and return to the operating room. Statistical analysis of the two cohorts was performed. Results: Fifty-four patients were included in the study (27 in each group) with average age 15 years (range 10-19). Average follow-up for the MCL relaxation group was 22.4 months versus 58 months for the non-MCL relaxation group. The average Pedi-IKDC score was 93.3 for the MCL relaxation group and 91.4 for the non-MCL relaxation group (p=0.34). There was no difference in patient demographics, return to the operating room (p=0.49), saphenous nerve dysesthesia (p=0.49), superficial or deep infection (p=0.32). Conclusion: ACL reconstruction in children and adolescents with MCL relaxation for the management of medial meniscal tears appears to be a safe option. Equivocal patient reported outcome scores as compared to the control group were found with no increase in post-operative complications. In children with ACL tears, appropriate diagnosis and management of medial meniscal pathology is important to maintain secondary restraint to anterior tibial translation and prevent premature graft failure. Pediatric knees can have tight medial compartments, making access difficult, potentially leading to poor visualization and iatrogenic chondral damage. Percutaneous medial collateral ligament (MCL) relaxation has been described in the adult population to increase medial compartment working space without long term sequela. We report similar findings in an all pediatric cohort.

Return to sports following arthroscopic primary repair of the anterior cruciate ligament in the adult population

The Knee ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 906-914
Author(s):  
Harmen D. Vermeijden ◽  
Jelle P. van der List ◽  
Robert O'Brien ◽  
Gregory S. DiFelice
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Increased incidence of anterior cruciate ligament revision surgery in paediatric verses adult population

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1362-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Costa Astur ◽  
Charles Marcon Cachoeira ◽  
Tierri da Silva Vieira ◽  
Pedro Debieux ◽  
Camila Cohen Kaleka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Revision Surgery ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery in Italy: A 15-Year Nationwide Registry Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Umile Giuseppe Longo ◽  
Kanto Nagai ◽  
Giuseppe Salvatore ◽  
Eleonora Cella ◽  
Vincenzo Candela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
The North ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Slight Growth

There remains little information on the epidemiology of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R), therefore, we performed an epidemiological evaluation on the ACL-R procedures performed in Italy from 2001 to 2015 to highlight potential disparities in access to healthcare. The National Hospital Discharge records (SDO) maintained at the Italian Ministry of Health were analyzed from 2001 to 2015; 248,234 ACL-Rs were performed in Italy over the 15-year study period in the adult population (starting from 15 years old), and the incidence rate per year in 100,000 persons ranged from 21.70 to 33.60 over the study period. The overall male/female ratio was 4.54. The length of hospitalization ranged from four days in 2001 to two days in 2015. Italy is historically divided into north, center, and south regions, and more than half of ACL-R surgery was performed in the north (67.2%); 95.2% of ACL-Rs were underwent in public institutions. The predicted model projected a slight growth in the number of ACL-Rs in the next 10 years (2016–2025). The number of ACL-R procedures increased in the adult population from 2001 to 2015. The ACL-R procedures were concentrated in the north of Italy, suggesting that efforts on regionalization of ACL-Rs should turn toward improving quality in hospitals in the south of Italy.

Paediatric anterior cruciate ligament injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Omar Zakieh ◽  
Chang Park ◽  
Katy Hornby ◽  
Chinmay Gupte ◽  
Khaled M Sarraf
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Neuromuscular Training ◽  
Ligament Injuries ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

The number of paediatric anterior cruciate ligament injuries is rising at a greater rate than in the adult population, as a result of the increased participation of children and adolescents in sports. This review explores the key presentations, diagnostic and management plans, and prevention methods associated with paediatric anterior cruciate ligament injuries. This injury presents as an acute pop and effusion, with limitations in gait, and can be extremely debilitating. Clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging are used to diagnose the injury. The pivot shift and Lachman test remain the most valid exams when suspecting an anterior cruciate ligament tear. Management of the injury can be surgical or non-surgical depending on the severity of the tear and associated injuries. The surgical approach chosen is determined by the patient's Tanner classification, considering potential damage to the physes of the bone. Management plans should include rehabilitation consisting of strength, proprioception and neuromuscular training, to maximise the patient's recovery. Injury prevention programmes, consisting of strength training and neuromuscular training, should be followed by young athletes to reduce anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Compliance and earlier implementation coupled with an understanding of the biomechanics of anterior cruciate ligament injuries and verbal feedback maximise the benefit of neuromuscular training.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document