Dietary Determinants of Dental Caries Prevalence and Experience in Saudi Schoolchildren: Frequency versus Quantity

Background. Sugar-added diet has been associated with increased risk of developing dental caries. Objective. To investigate the dietary determinants of caries prevalence and experience based on the frequency versus the quantity of consumption among Saudi schoolchildren. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study that invited 12- to 15-year-old intermediate school students (N = 3000) in four cities in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Data collection comprised a pretested questionnaire and clinical examination. Caries was diagnosed based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and was recorded as a decayed, missing, filled tooth (DMFT). The questionnaire included questions regarding the consumption of different quantities and frequencies of multiple sugar-containing food items. Multiple logistic and linear regression models were used to assess the influence of sugar-containing food on the dental caries experience (DMFT) and prevalence of decayed teeth. SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyze the data at 5% significance level. Results. Of 3000 invited students, 2262 participated with a participation rate of 75.4%. Our study found that the frequency of soft drink consumption was significantly associated with increased caries prevalence (adjusted OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.07–1.65) and experience (adjusted B = 0.46, 95% CI 0.16–0.76). The frequency of consumption of fruit juice was statistically significantly associated with increased caries experience (adjusted B = 0.48, 95% CI 0.16–0.79). The interaction terms between the frequency and the quantity of consumption of energy drinks, soft drinks, and sweetened milk were statistically significantly related to caries experience and prevalence. Conclusion. Although the frequency of consumption of sugar-containing drinks was more associated with caries experience and prevalence, the interaction between frequency and quantity was highly related to the prevalence and experience of dental caries.

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Dental caries in young male adults: prevalence, severity and associated factors

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242005000400003 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 249-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Marcelo Augusto Amaral ◽

Luiza Nakama ◽

Carlos Alberto Conrado ◽

Tiemi Matsuo

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Family Income ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Disease Process ◽

World Health ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socioeconomic Variables

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries as well as the needs for dental treatment in 18-year-old males from Maringá, PR, Brazil. The association of dental caries experience with socioeconomic variables was also tested. A cross sectional study was conducted in a random sample of 241 conscripts of the Brazilian Army. The adopted diagnosis criteria were those proposed by the World Health Organization. A socioeconomic questionnaire was utilized to determine family income and the criterion of the Brazil Economic Classification of the National Association of Research Enterprises. Associations among caries prevalence, DMF-T index, treatment needs and socioeconomic variables were evaluated by means of the Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Caries prevalence was 82.6% and the mean DMF-T index was 4.6. Only a mean of 0.8 tooth per individual presented treatment needs. Significant statistical differences were found in caries prevalence and severity (DMF-T). The worst results were observed in the groups of lower income and purchasing power, indicating a need for the implementation of social policies that address these populations aiming at diminishing the existing differences in the health-disease process indicators. On the other hand, treatment needs were only associated to the Brazil Economic Classification Criterion variable (p < 0.05).

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Evaluating the risk factors that link obesity and dental caries in 11–17-year-old school going children in the United Arab Emirates

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/ejd.ejd_29_18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (02) ◽

pp. 217-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Foroogh Abdalla Khadri ◽

Vellore Kannan Gopinath ◽

Mark P. Hector ◽

Elizabeth S. Davenport

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Soft Drink ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Soft Drink Consumption ◽

Gingival Health ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective is to study the effect of obesity on dental caries among schoolchildren in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 803, 11–17-year-old schoolchildren. The study was in the form of a randomized cross-sectional manner. Method used was two questioners. The first assessed socioeconomic and general health and the second detailed their demographic, oral hygiene, and dietary habits. Dental examination included dental caries assessment using the World Health Organization 1997 criteria and gingival health valuation. Clinical examination consisted of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Data analysis was done by descriptive, univariate, and multiple regressions. Results: In this sample, 75% had dental caries and the mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) was 3.19 (standard deviation: 2.9). Obesity was seen in 15% of the adolescents and the mean BMI was 21. The link between DMFT and BMI, when evaluated using univariate analysis, showed a significant correlation (r = 0.097, P = 0.006), indicating that the rise in BMI by 10 points resulted in an increase in DMFT by 0.57. However, in the multivariate analysis, a significant relationship was observed only between father's education (P < 0.001), adolescent's age (P < 0.001), gender (P = 0.008), ethnicity (P = 0.001), and soft drink consumption with DMFT while BMI showed a significant association with age (P < 0.001), school fees (P = 0.005), obesity in family (P < 0.001), and soft drink consumption (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Obesity and dental caries were not significantly associated. The most important predictor for obesity and dental caries was soft drink consumption.

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Impact of Coffee/Green Tea/Soft Drink Consumption on the Risk of Hyperuricemia: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7299

Author(s):

Joong Seob Lee ◽

Tae Jun Kim ◽

Sung Kwang Hong ◽

Chanyang Min ◽

Dae Myoung Yoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Reference Group ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Soft Drink ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Soft Drink Consumption ◽

Increased Risk

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between hyperuricemia and the frequency of coffee, tea, and soft drink consumption, based on data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) (2004–2016). We used the KoGES health examinee data, obtained from urban residents aged ≥ 40 years. Information on the participants’ medical history, nutrition (total calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake), frequency of alcohol consumption, smoking status, household income, and frequency of coffee/green tea/soft drink intake was collected. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the data. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the participant’s age and sex. Among 173,209 participants, there were 11,750 and 156,002 individuals with hyperuricemia and non-hyperuricemia controls, respectively. In an adjusted model, frequent coffee and green tea consumption did not increase the risk of hyperuricemia, compared to the “no intake” reference group. However, an adjusted odds ratio of hyperuricemia was 1.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.35, p < 0.001) for participants who reported consuming soft drinks ≥ 3 times per day, compared to the respective “no drink” reference group. Even after adjusting for nutritional and sociodemographic factors, frequent soft drink intake was associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia. Meanwhile, neither coffee nor green tea intake was associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia.

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Experience and Prevalence of Dental Caries in 6 to 12-Year-Old School Children in an Agricultural Community: A Cross-Sectional Study

Children ◽

10.3390/children8020099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Juan José Villalobos-Rodelo ◽

Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez ◽

Rosalina Islas-Zarazúa ◽

Sonia Márquez-Rodríguez ◽

Mariana Mora-Acosta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

School Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Migrant Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Agricultural Worker ◽

Dmft Index

Objective: To describe the experience and prevalence of dental caries in schoolchildren aged 6–12 years belonging to agricultural manual worker households. Material and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in two groups of schoolchildren: One considered “children of agricultural worker migrant parents” (n = 157) and the other “children of agricultural worker non-migrant parents” (n = 164). Epidemiological indices for dental caries were calculated for primary (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) dentitions, and compared in terms of age, sex, and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (SOHI). Two binary logistic regression models for caries prevalence in primary and permanent dentitions were generated in Stata. Results: For primary dentition, we observed the following dmft index: Non-migrants = 1.73 ± 2.18 vs. migrants = 1.68 ± 2.14. Additionally, we recorded the following caries prevalence: Non-migrants = 59.1% vs. migrants = 51.3%. For permanent dentition, we observed the following DMFT index: Non-migrants = 0.32 ± 0.81 vs. migrants = 0.29 ± 0.95. Further, we recorded the following caries prevalence: Non-migrants = 17.6% vs. migrants = 12.8%. No differences were observed for either dentition (p > 0.05) in caries indices and their components or in caries prevalence. When both caries indices (dmft and DMFT) were combined, the non-migrant group had a higher level of caries experience than the migrant group (p < 0.05). No relationship (p > 0.05) with migrant status was observed in either multivariate models of caries prevalence. However, age did exhibit an association (p < 0.05) with caries. Only the plaque component of SOHI was associated (p < 0.05) with caries in permanent dentition. Conclusions: Although over half of school children from agricultural manual worker households had caries in either or both dentitions and a considerable proportion were untreated lesions, the prevalence levels were somewhat lower than other reports from Mexico in similar age groups. No statistically significant differences were found in caries experience or prevalence in either dentition between non-migrant and migrant groups.

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Determinants of dental caries in children in the Middle East and North Africa region: A systematic review based on literature published from 2000 to 2019

10.21203/rs.3.rs-154776/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amal Elamin ◽

Malin Garemo ◽

Anzelle Mulder

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Infant Feeding ◽

North Africa ◽

World Health ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Mena Region ◽

Oral Habits ◽

Socioeconomic Determinants ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background Dental caries risk factors have been expanded to not only emphasize biology and dietary and oral habits but also broader social determinants such as socioeconomic factors and the utilization of health services. The aim was to review sociobehavioural/cultural and socioeconomic determinants of dental caries in children residing in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Methods A search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline database and Google Scholar to identify studies published from 2000–2019 covering children using key search terms. In the initial stages, titles, abstracts and, if needed, full articles were screened for eligibility. In the final stage, all included articles were reassessed and read, and relevant data were extracted. Results Out of 600 initial articles, a total of 77 were included in this review, of which 74 were cross-sectional, 2 were longitudinal and one was a case-control study. The studies included a total of 94,491 participants in 14 countries across the MENA region. A majority used the World Health Organization scoring system to assess dental caries. The caries prevalence ranged between 17.2–88.8%, early childhood caries between 3–57% and decayed missing filled teeth (dmft) varied between 0.6–8.5 across the various age groups. Increased age, low maternal education, low overall socioeconomic status, decreased frequency of tooth brushing, low parental involvement, poor oral habits, infant feeding practices and sugar were among the most prevalent determinants for increased risk of caries in the reviewed studies. Conclusions Dental caries was found to be high among children in many of the studies published from MENA. The key determinants of dental caries were found to include factors related to child characteristics, family background, oral hygiene and infant feeding and eating habits. The high dental caries prevalence emphasises the need to address the prevailing modifiable sociobehavioural and socioeconomic determinants by translating them into effective oral health prevention policies and programmes.

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Dental caries and Dental Anomalies in children with cleft Lip and cleft Palate in Bengaluru city, India

World Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1455 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 304-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rahul Gaikwad ◽

Sachin C Sarode ◽

Seema Kamble ◽

Shivalinga S Hiremath ◽

Ashwini Biradar

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Cleft Palate ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Open Bite ◽

World Health ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Dental Anomalies ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Increased Risk

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to assess the association of dental caries and dental anomalies among 5- to 15-year-old children with cleft lip and cleft palate. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate and 500 children without cleft of the age group 5 to 15 years. The clinical examination was carried out using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) by Klein Plamer and Knutson, and dmft by Grubbel and 1997 World Health Organization (WHO) pro forma. Results The results showed a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of dental caries in children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate. The mean DMFT was found to be significantly higher in operated children than in the children who were not operated. Other dental abnormalities included an increased frequency of enamel hypoplasia (p < 0.001), hyperdontia (p < 0.014), anterior, unilateral and bilateral cross-bite (p < 0.001), and open bite (p < 0.001). Conclusion The results of this study show that children with cleft have higher prevalence of dental anomalies than the normal children. With increased occurrence of hypoplasia in children with cleft, reduced access for cleaning upper anterior teeth after surgical repair leads to poor oral hygiene status, leading to increased risk to dental caries. Clinical significance Given the high caries experience among the children with cleft lip and cleft palate, it is necessary to advocate a more rigorous approach to the prevention of dental disease in these high-risk children. They should therefore, be subjected to regular checkups, oral hygiene advice, diet advice, appropriate fluoride supplementation, and, when required, appropriate referral for secondary care. How to cite this article Kamble S, Hiremath SS, Puranik MP, Gaikwad R, Biradar A, Gadbail AR, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Patil S. Dental Caries and Dental Anomalies in Children with Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate in Bengaluru City, India. World J Dent 2017;8(4):304-308.

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Changes in Caries Prevalence and Oral Hygiene Skills Among Preschool-Aged Children in Lithuania Between 2000 and 2010

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina48070054 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (7) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Jaunė Razmienė ◽

Giedrius Vanagas ◽

Eglė Bendoraitienė ◽

Vilija Andriuškevičienė ◽

Eglė Slabšinskienė

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tooth Surfaces ◽

The Difference ◽

Health Organization

The aim of the study was to evaluate the factors associated with the prevalence and severity of dental caries as well oral hygiene habits among 4- to 6-year-old children in Kaunas (Lithuania) in 2000 and 2010. Material and Methods. A repeated cross-sectional study was carried out to reveal the changes in dental caries prevalence in 2000 and 2010. The study population comprised 4- to 6-year-old children living in Kaunas city and attending kindergartens. The study consisted of two parts: questionnaires on oral health behavior and clinical examination of children’s teeth by the World Health Organization methodology. Results. A total of 941 4–6-year-old children were examined in 2000 and 2010. The prevalence of dental caries increased from 85.4% in 2000 to 88.4% in 2010; however, the difference was not significant (P=0.28). A significant increase in the dmf-t index, describing the severity of dental caries, was observed (from 7.42 in 2000 to 12.03 in 2010, P<0.001). The percentage of 4- to 5-yearold girls and 5-year-old boys brushing their teeth regularly decreased in 2010. During the period of the study, a significant change in the accumulation of plaque on children’s tooth surfaces was documented (P=0.001). Conclusions. Comparing 2000 and 2010, no significant difference in the prevalence of dental caries among 4- to 6-year-old children in Kaunas was observed; however, the severity of dental caries differed significantly. A significant decrease in regular toothbrushing skills was documented for 4- and 5-year-old girls and 5-year-old boys. The Silness-Loe oral hygiene index was assessed as satisfactory.

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Abstract 6215: Childhood Obesity In Two Communities - Relation to Health Habits and Resources

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.118.suppl_18.s_1159-c ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽

Author(s):

Taylor Eagle ◽

Elizabeth A Jackson ◽

Susan Aaronson ◽

Catherine Fitzgerald ◽

Lindsey Mitchell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Middle School ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Video Games ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Soft Drink ◽

School Students ◽

Soft Drink Consumption ◽

School Based ◽

Increased Risk

Background. Middle school children residing in a community with fewer resources may have less opportunity to be physically active or consume a healthy diet which may lead to an increased risk for obesity, and poorer baseline cardiovascular health. Methods. We compared health status of middle school students (average age 12 years) in two Michigan communities; Ann Arbor (AA) and an adjacent town, Ypsilanti (YPSI) (median household income 77,000 and 28,610, respectively). Blood pressure (BP), cholesterol, blood glucose, body mass index (BMI), and self-reported diet and physical activity habits were collected at baseline in students (n=733) from 5 AA and 2 YPSI middle schools. Results. The percentage of children receiving free lunch was higher among the YPSI children compared to the AA children (60% vs. 26%, p =0.01). More YPSI children were in the 95 th percentile for weight compared to the AA children (22.2% vs. 12.6%) and on average had a greater BMI (21.2 ± 4.8 vs. 19.9 ± 4.1, p =0.004) and LDL-cholesterol (99.9 ± 27.5 vs. 91.7 ± 26.9, p =0.005). Compared to AA children, the YPSI children were less likely to consume one or more servings of vegetables/day (67.7% vs. 80.6%, p =0.004) while no difference was observed in fruit consumption. Non-diet soft drink consumption was higher among the YPSI children compared to those from AA (45.9% vs. 30.8%, p =0.002). YPSI children were less likely to report attending a school-based physical education class in the past week (41.4% vs. 9.9%, p<0.001) or to participate on a school-based sports team (65.4% vs. 38.3%, p<0.001). The majority of children in both communities reported watching one or more hours of TV/day; however YPSI children were more likely to watch six or more hours/day compared to AA children (12.8% vs. 4.0%, p<0.001). A similar pattern was observed for video games, with 11.3% of YPSI children reporting six or more hours/day of playing video games compared to 1.9% AA children (p<0.001). Conclusions. We observed a marked difference in diet, physical activity habits and cardiovascular parameters among children from two neighboring communities with varying resources. The local and national response to childhood obesity must focus on these community resources in order to improve childhood health.

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Dental caries and its association with increasing water fluoride concentration in district Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 4005

Author(s):

Nidhi Sharma ◽

Vartika Saxena ◽

Manisha Naithani

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Dental Fluorosis ◽

Fluoride Concentration ◽

World Health ◽

Therapeutic Window ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Fluoride Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Water Fluoride

Background: Evidence from scientific literature confirms both beneficial and detrimental effects of fluoride on human health with only a narrow range between intakes associated with these effects. The limits of this range have been controversial among researchers since the 1930s. Considering this, the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit of fluoride in India has been reduced from 1.5 to 1.0 mg/l in 1998. This study aimed to evaluate the association between increasing water fluoride levels and dental caries prevention on permanent teeth.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1400 children (aged 6–19 years). Caries experience and dental fluorosis were recorded using DMFT/deft and Dean's index respectively. Also, fluoride concentration in drinking water was analyzed. Around 14.4% of children had dental caries with maximum frequency among 9-10 years of age. A significant negative correlation between caries experience and water fluoride level was found (p<0.05), with the lowest DMFT scores at the fluoride level of 0.61–2 mg/l and the highest at 0.0–0.3 mg/l. Whereas, high prevalence of dental fluorosis was observed above 0.7 mg/l.Results: The study revealed that the presence of 0.3-0.7 mg/l fluoride in drinking water reduces dental caries, without an objectionable rise in dental fluorosis.Conclusions: It can be suggested that fluoride has anticaries property but due to a ‘narrow therapeutic window’ of 0.3-0.7 mg/l, in a country like India where endemic fluorosis is prevalent, its topical application should be encouraged which is almost equally effective with less systemic adverse effects.

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Caries Experience in Individuals with Cleft Lip and/or Palate in China

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/07-076.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 43-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Wan Chun Zhu ◽

Jin Xiao ◽

Yuan Liu ◽

Jun Wu ◽

JiYao Li

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Surgical Repair ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Control Group ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

West China ◽

Family Socioeconomic Status ◽

Increased Risk

Objective To determine the levels of dental caries in subjects with cleft lip and/or palate in China in comparison with controls. Design A total of 380 subjects with cleft lip and/or palate and 339 noncleft control subjects were examined for dental caries using the decayed-missing-filled-teeth (DMFT/dmft) and decayed-missing-filled-surfaces (DMFS/dmfs) index. A questionnaire was used to acquire subjects' living habits and family socioeconomic status. Setting West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University. Subjects Individuals between 3 and 25 years of age. Results Caries prevalence and scores for dmft/DMFT and dmfs/DMFS were significantly higher in subjects with cleft palates when compared with the noncleft control group ( p < .05), except 3- to 5-year-old children ( p > .05). However, in the 3- to 5-year-old group, children with cleft lip and/or palate had significantly more caries than children of the same age with only a cleft lip with or without alveolus ( p < .05). Children whose clefts had been surgically repaired had a lower dmft and dmfs than those whose clefts had not been surgically repaired ( p < .05). Conclusion Individuals with oral cleft are at an increased risk for dental caries. The types of cleft and the surgical repair are two important factors for dental caries.

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