scholarly journals Can We Build Artificial Stem Cell Compartments?

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Semino
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soluble Factors ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Matrix Components

Animals carry stem cells throughout their entire life, from embryogenesis to senescence. Their function during development and adulthood consists basically of forming and sustaining functional tissues while maintaining a small self-renewing population. They reside in a complex three-dimensional environment consisting of other nearby cells extracellular matrix components, endogenous or exogenous soluble factors, and physical, structural, or mechanical properties of the tissues they inhabit. Can we artificially recreate tissue development such that stem cells can both self-renew and be instructed to mature properly? The main factors required to regulate the maintenance and differentiation of some types of stem cells are known. In addition, new bioengineered synthetic materials that mimic extracellular matrix components can be used as initial scaffolding for building stem cell microenvironments.

scholarly journals A Strategy to Enhance Secretion of Extracellular Matrix Components by Stem Cells: Relevance to Tissue Engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navaneethakrishnan Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Yuan‐Tsan Tseng ◽  
Poornima Gajendrarao ◽  
Padmini Sarathchandra ◽  
Ann McCormack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Matrix Components

scholarly journals Spheroidal aggregate culture of rat liver cells: histotypic reorganization, biomatrix deposition, and maintenance of functional activities.

1985 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 914-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Landry ◽  
D Bernier ◽  
C Ouellet ◽  
R Goyette ◽  
N Marceau
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Matrix Components

Liver cells isolated from newborn rats and seeded on a non-adherent plastic substratum were found to spontaneously re-aggregate and to form, within a few days, spheroidal aggregates that eventually reached a plateaued diameter of 150-175 micron. Analyses on frozen sections from these spheroids by immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies to various cytoskeletal elements and extracellular matrix components revealed a sorting out and a histotypic reorganization of three major cell types. A first type consisted of cells that segregated out on the aggregate surface forming a monolayer cell lining; a second type was identified as hepatocytes that regrouped in small islands often defining a central lumen; and a third group of cells reorganized into bile duct-like structures. This intercellular organization in the aggregates was paralleled by the accumulation of extracellular matrix components (laminin, fibronectin, and collagen) and their deposition following a specific pattern around each cell population structure. Determinations of albumin secretion and tyrosine aminotransferase induction by dexamethasone and glucagon at various times after the initiation of the cultures revealed a maintenance of the hepatocyte-differentiated functions for at least up to 2 mo at the levels measured at 3-5 d. It is concluded that cells dispersed as single cells from newborn rat liver conserve in part the necessary information to reconstruct a proper three-dimensional cyto-architecture and that the microenvironment so generated most likely represents a basic requirement for the optimal functioning of these differentiated cells.

scholarly journals Presence of ROS in Inflammatory Environment of Peri-Implantitis Tissue: In Vitro and In Vivo Human Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Eitan Mijiritsky ◽  
Letizia Ferroni ◽  
Chiara Gardin ◽  
Oren Peleg ◽  
Alper Gultekin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Matrix Components

Analyses of composition, distribution of cellular and extracellular matrix components, and molecular analysis of mitochondria related genes of bone loss in the presence of inflammatory environment in humans was the aim of the present project. As a human model we chose peri-implantitis. Morphological analyses were performed by means classical histological, immunohistochemical, and SEM (scanning electron miscroscopy) test. Gene expression analysis was performed to evaluate epithelium maturation, collagen fiber production, and genes related to mitochondrial activity. It was found that a well-defined keratinocyte epithelium was present on the top of all specimens; a distinct basal lamina was present, as well as desmosomes and autophagic processes related to the maturation of keratinocytes. Under this epithelium, a full inflammatory cell infiltrate was present for about 60% of the represented by plasma cells. Collagen type I fibers were present mainly in the form of fragmented cord tissue without cells. A different distribution of blood vessels was also present from the apical to the most coronal portion of the specimens. High levels of genes related to oxidative stress were present, as well as the activation of genes related to the loss of ability of osteogenic commitment of Mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. Our study suggests that peri-implantitis lesions exhibit a well defined biological organization not only in terms of inflammatory cells but also on vessel and extracellular matrix components even if no difference in the epithelium is evident, and that the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) related to the inflammatory environment influences the correct commitment of Mesenchymal stem cells.

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