VASER Liposuction. How to Get Natural Results with Ultrasound Assisted Liposuction?

Ultrasound assisted liposuction technology is a selective technique to emulsify fatty tissue and improve the removal of fat. This technique can be used on many areas of the body such as: chin neck, back, buttocks, abdomen, legs, arms. Fatty areas, as well as, skin and cellulite can be molded in a process known as ultrasound cavitation. Results can produce significant skin contraction and smoothing of areas. Using this method reduces the need for surgical intervention and requires less energy to achieve similar results. This method is also good for treatment of fibrous scar tissue, producing less bruising and blood loss. The advantages of the VASER ultrasound prepared liposuction in comparison to the mechanical liposuction method are better with fat extraction, less blood loss, and smoother results. While the disadvantages of VASER ultrasound method are possible thermal injuries, the need for larger incisions for protective ports, increased incidence of seromas, slightly increased cost and longer preparation and operative times. However further presentation will show the benefits of this newer generation of liposuction method. Also, various probes for better fat extraction and specific treatment areas will be discussed.

Extraction of Seabuckthorn Seed Oil and Analysis of Its Fatty Acid Composition

Seabuckthorn seed oil was extracted by fat extraction method. The effects of quality of seabuckthorn seed, breaking time, soaking time and extraction solvent on the extraction rate were investigated by single factor experiment and response surface methodology. The fatty acids in seabuckthorn seed oil were determined. The research results show that the most suitable extraction conditions for using a fat extraction instrument are: seabuckthorn seed mass is 1.40 g, crushing time is 11 s, soaking time is 26 min, extraction time is 4 h, temperature is 70?, and the extraction solvent is petroleum ether. The extraction rate can reach 6.56%; the extracted seabuckthorn seed oil mainly contains three main fatty acids: linoleic acid, linolenic acid and oleic acid, these three fatty acids are also the main sn-2 fatty acids.

The comparison of crude fat analysis between separated soxhlet method and one extractor soxhlet method for several feed ingredients

Determination of crude fat content (ether extract) using a separate Soxhlet method requires an extraction time of 4 to 6 hours to achieve 5-6 circulation for 1 sample of material. Given the fact that the analysis and extraction time are not time efficient, therefore an alternative method is needed with good accuracy and faster testing time. One alternative is the single-extractor Soxhlet method. The aims of this study were to evaluate the comparison of crude fat extraction results in the separated Soxhlet method and the Soxhlet method in one extractor for several feed ingredients. For the fat testing, this study used two methods, namely the separate method and the Soxhlet method of testing single extractor. The experiments were done by a completely randomized design with 2 treatments and 3 replications. The data was analyzed using the Student T-test. The results showed that the separate Soxhlet method and the single extractor Soxhlet method had no significant difference to the crude fat content of the concentrate feed ingredients with T> 0.05. The use of single extractor Soxhlet showed significant result with T< 0.01 which lower ​​than the separate Soxhlet method in forage samples on the crude fat concentration. Given the outcomes, the use of single extractor Soxhlet is more efficient than the separate Soxhlet method in terms of analysis time of a large number of samples.

Fat acid extraction from Naviculla Salinicola and Chlorella Vulgaris with simple laboratory tools

Energy alternatives are starting to get attention due to the depletion of petroleum sources as the current fuel. One of them is biodiesel. Microalgae has the potential to produce fat that can be proceed into biodiesel. This study aims to find the shaking time and the suitable solvent with the extraction of microalgaes, namely Naviculla Salinicola and Chlorella Vulgaris fatty acids with various solvents, namely hexane, methanol and chloroform. Each microalgae can affect different cell walls that resulting in different extraction materials. The results showed that fatty acids Chlorella Vulgaris and Naviculla Salinicola were extracted the most with hexane. The fat content extracted from Chlorella Vulgaris with three solvents were 10.56% for hexane, 6.79% for methanol and 5.99% for chloroform. For the extraction of Naviculla salinicola with hexane solvent yielded 4.37% fat, while with choloroform was 2.99% and with methanol was 2.48%. The increase in processing time resulted in an increase in the equivalent of fat extraction in both types of microalgae with the highest one was obtained at the five-hour shaking time.

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Volatile Compounds Indicate Kernel and Oil Oxidation

Kernel oxidation susceptibility and pellicle darkening are among the biggest concerns regarding walnut quality. Monitoring oxidation is crucial to preserve quality from production to consumption. Chemical oxidation parameters (peroxide value and UV absorbances), fatty acid profile, tocopherols, phenols, and volatiles in ‘Chandler’ and ‘Howard’ kernels were studied at different time points during 28 weeks of storage to evaluate potential oxidation markers. During storage, peroxide value, UV absorbances, and volatiles concentration increased; oxidative stability, phenols, and tocopherols decreased, while fatty acid profile was unaffected. ‘Chandler’ had a lower peroxide value, K232, and K268; and higher kernel and oil oxidative stability compared to ‘Howard’. Phenols and tocopherols decreased 1.2-fold in ‘Chandler’ and 1.3-fold in ‘Howard’. Using multivariate analysis, samples were discriminated in three groups according with their oxidative levels. Increases of volatiles in oil and kernel were associated with higher oxidative levels. Pentanal, 2-methylpropanal, hexanal, (E)-2-pentenal, 3-octanone, octanal, (Z)-2-penten-1-ol, hexanol, (E)-2-octenal, 1-octen-3-ol, benzaldehyde, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, and hexanoic acid in kernels were adequate at distinguishing oxidation levels and as oxidative markers in walnuts. Kernel volatiles is a useful measurement for walnut oxidation during storage without any prior fat extraction.

Measuring body condition of lizards: a comparison between non-invasive dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, chemical fat extraction and calculated indices

Background Condition indices (CIs) are used in ecological studies as a way of measuring an individual animal’s health and fitness. Noninvasive CIs are estimations of a relative score of fat content or rely on a ratio of body mass compared to some measure of size, usually a linear dimension such as tarsus or snout-vent length. CIs are generally validated invasively by lethal fat extraction as in a seasonal sample of individuals in a population. Many alternatives to lethal fat extraction are costly or time consuming. As an alternative, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) allows for non-destructive analysis of body composition and enables multiple measurements during an animal’s life time. DXA has never been used for ecological studies in a small, free-ranging lizard before, therefore we calibrated this method against a chemical extraction of fat from a sample of 6 geckos (Israeli fan toed gecko Ptyodactylus guttatus) ranging in body mass between 4.2–11.5 g. We then used this calibrated DXA measurements to determine the best linear measurement calculated CI for this species. Results We found that fat mass measured with DXA was significantly correlated with the mass of chemically extracted fat for specimens more than 4.8 g (N = 5, R2 = 0.995, P < 0.001). Fat percentage regressed with body mass significantly predicted the DXA fat percentage (N = 29, R2adj. = 0.862, p < 0.001). Live wet mass was significantly correlated with predicted fat mass (N = 30, R2 = 0.984, P < 0.001) for specimens more than 4.8 g. Among the five calculated non-invasive CIs that we tested, the best was mass/SVL. Conclusions We recommend that in situations where DXA cannot be used, that the most accurate of the body condition estimators for this species is mass/SVL (snout-vent length) for both sexes.

Electrochemical activation as a fat rendering technology

Introduction. The existing methods of animal fat obtaining have certain disadvantages, hence fat extraction study highly is relevant. Electrochemically activated solutions are known to have a great potential for animal fat extraction. The present paper introduced a new advanced fat obtaining technology based on the principle of electrochemical activation. Study objects and methods. The research featured ostrich fat obtained by wet rendering in water and in an electrochemically activated solution (catholyte) using various processing methods and technological parameters. Standard methods helped define the physical and chemical parameters of the obtained fat samples. Results and discussion. The paper introduced a technological and hardware setup of an ostrich fat production line with the necessary equipment specifications. The research made it possible to define the optimal parameters for fat extraction: the salt concentration for the catholyte = 4 g/100 cm3, voltage = 40–42 V, pH = 11, and redox potential of the catholyte = between –600 and –700 mV. During the fat processing, cell membranes in the electrolyte were destroyed, which inactivated the enzyme system. The obtained combination of physical and chemical factors resulted in ostrich fat of high quality. Fat extraction in an electrochemically activated solution (catholyte) catalyzed the process and increased the fat yield, regardless of the processing temperature. The fat yield exceeded 58% at 55°C and catholyte pH of 11.0. At 95–100°C and pH of 9.5–10.6, it exceeded 95%. Conclusion. The new technology increased the fat yield, maintained its high quality, and reduced the processing cost. Therefore, the developed production line could be recommended for fat extraction of farm animals, depending on the intended use.