Abstract 875: Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by race/ ethnicity in the United States

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oxana V. Makarova-Rusher ◽  
Sean F. Altekruse ◽  
Timothy S. McNeel ◽  
Barry I. Graubard ◽  
Austin G. Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Characteristics of Hepatitis B virus induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian patients

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Mahmoud Fathy Barakat ◽  
Khalid Mahmoud AbdAlaziz ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Mahmoud El Tabbakh ◽  
Mohamed Kamal Alden Ali
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the United States, HCC is the ninth leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite advances in prevention techniques, screening, and new technologies in both diagnosis and treatment, incidence and mortality continue to rise. Cirrhosis remains the most important risk factor for the development of HCC regardless of etiology. Hepatitis B and C are independent risk factors for the development of cirrhosis. Alcohol consumption remains an important additional risk factor in the United States as alcohol abuse is five times higher than hepatitis C. Diagnosis is confirmed without pathologic confirmation. Screening includes both radiologic tests, such as ultrasound, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, and serological markers such as αfetoprotein at 6-month interval. Aim To compare characteristics and behavior of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic HCV patients and HVB patients Patients and Methods The current study was conducted on patients with de HCC presented at HCC clinic, Tropical medicine department Ain Shams University Hospitals between December 2017 and D ecember 2018, aged (18-70 years old) . Results eline characteristics of study population shown in Table 1 at enrolment, including gender, Education status, co-morbidity, underlying presence or absence of cirrhosis, Child-Pugh class of patients infected with viral hepatitis, and alpha-fetoprotein levels. Male proportion observed to be predominant in both HCV (62%) and HBV (75.4%) infected HCC population. Overall prevalence of HCV and HBV in patients having HCC was 65.95% and 34.04%, respectively. Presence of underlying liver cirrhosis was more significantly associated with HCV seropositives as compared to HBV seropositive patients (p0.05). Table 2 shows comparison of means between HCV and HBV seropositive patients with HCC. In univariate analysis, mean age difference (11.6 years), and total bilirubin levels (-1.91mg/dl) were the only statistically significant observations noted among HCV-HCC group (p = 0.05) Conclusion Hepatocellular carcinoma is mainly caused by Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B viruses, but latter showed predominance, comparatively worldwide and correlated HBV directly as a cause of HCC rather than HCV whose relation with HCC is still unclear (Shepard et al., 2006; Di Bisceglie, 2009). Because of the geographical differences and risk factors, the epidemiological burden of HCV and HBV has been observed different in different areas of the world. In developing countries due to high burden of HCV infection as compared to HBV such as in Taiwan (HCV 17.0%, HBV 13.8%) (Kao et al., 2011), Guam (HCV 19.6%, HBV 18%) (Haddock et al., 2013), and Pakistan (HCV 4.8%, HBV 2.5%) (Rehman et al., 1996; Raza et al., 2007; Qureshi et al., 2010; Butt et al., 2012;) will possibly

scholarly journals Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the northeast of the United States: results of a case–control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Shen ◽  
Harvey Risch ◽  
Lingeng Lu ◽  
Xiaomei Ma ◽  
Melinda L. Irwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Risk Factors for Early-Onset and Late-Onset Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Asian Immigrants With Hepatitis B in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1994-2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W Wan ◽  
Demetrios Tzimas ◽  
Joshua A Smith ◽  
Sunnie Kim ◽  
James Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Immigrants

scholarly journals State-level prevalence estimates of latent tuberculosis infection in the United States by medical risk factors, demographic characteristics and nativity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249012
Author(s):  
Ali Mirzazadeh ◽  
James G. Kahn ◽  
Maryam B. Haddad ◽  
Andrew N. Hill ◽  
Suzanne M. Marks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Medical Risk ◽  
Medical Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Case ◽  
Ltbi Prevalence ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Introduction Preventing tuberculosis (TB) disease requires treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) as well as prevention of person-to-person transmission. We estimated the LTBI prevalence for the entire United States and for each state by medical risk factors, age, and race/ethnicity, both in the total population and stratified by nativity. Methods We created a mathematical model using all incident TB disease cases during 2013–2017 reported to the National Tuberculosis Surveillance System that were classified using genotype-based methods or imputation as not attributed to recent TB transmission. Using the annual average number of TB cases among US-born and non-US-born persons by medical risk factor, age group, and race/ethnicity, we applied population-specific reactivation rates (and corresponding 95% confidence intervals [CI]) to back-calculate the estimated prevalence of untreated LTBI in each population for the United States and for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2015. Results We estimated that 2.7% (CI: 2.6%–2.8%) of the U.S. population, or 8.6 (CI: 8.3–8.8) million people, were living with LTBI in 2015. Estimated LTBI prevalence among US-born persons was 1.0% (CI: 1.0%–1.1%) and among non-US-born persons was 13.9% (CI: 13.5%–14.3%). Among US-born persons, the highest LTBI prevalence was in persons aged ≥65 years (2.1%) and in persons of non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity (3.1%). Among non-US-born persons, the highest LTBI prevalence was estimated in persons aged 45–64 years (16.3%) and persons of Asian and other racial/ethnic groups (19.1%). Conclusions Our estimations of the prevalence of LTBI by medical risk factors and demographic characteristics for each state could facilitate planning for testing and treatment interventions to eliminate TB in the United States. Our back-calculation method feasibly estimates untreated LTBI prevalence and can be updated using future TB disease case counts at the state or national level.

scholarly journals Determinants of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States: Differences in Risk Factor and Genetic Susceptibility by Race/Ethnicity

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Mehwish Rafique ◽  
Dana Kristjansson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the few cancers with an increasing incidence and mortality worldwide. This study aims to determine the contribution of known risk factors for HCC by race and ethnicity. Methods: Data on race, ethnicity, age, and gender were obtained from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Population attributable fractions (PAFs) of risk factors were estimated using non-invasive scoring measures of Hepatitis B and C virus infection, excessive alcohol use, smoking, diabetes and emerging metabolic risk factors [non-alcoholic steatohepatitis advanced cirrhosis (NASH) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-advanced fibrosis (NAFLD-fib)] over a 10-year period, 1999-2002 and 2009-2012. Genetic analysis was performed using DisGenet platform by attaining the top enriched genes strongly related to HCC. Furthermore, cytoscape network was used to form a gene-disease network association. Results: NASH-cirrhosis increased in the overall population and among all race and ethnic groups. Both liver fat accumulation and ALT levels vary among different populations; however, Hispanics have the highest prevalence of NAFLD and elevated ALT levels. Non-Hispanic (NH) blacks and Hispanics had a 3 to 4 times higher PAF for HCC than whites attributed due to chronic liver diseases, including NASH-cirrhosis and NAFLD-fib. Our genetic analysis demonstrated that PNPLA3 polymorphism is strongly associated with NAFLD-fib, which appears to represent susceptibility to liver disease among the Hispanic community. Conclusion: Hispanics and NH blacks are at a disproportionately higher risk for HCC in part due to the higher prevalence of liver disease comorbidities, including NASH-cirrhosis and NAFLD-fib. Compared to NH whites, Hispanics and NH blacks have a higher baseline risk for liver cancer due to non-metabolic factors, which may include a genetic susceptibility. Metabolic risk factors have increased and are now contributing to nearly half of HCC cases in the US.

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