In vivo Relationships of the Dextran-Degrading Oral Microbiota to Streptococcus mutans and Caries Experience

Abstract Introduction Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) exhibits extensive genotypic diversity, but the role of this variation is poorly understood. Objective To evaluate the genotypic diversity of S. mutans in preschoolers with and without early dental care and to associate it with dental caries experience. Material and method Twenty children, aged five year old, with history of dental care since they were one year old (G1) and 20 children without history of dental care (G2) were included. Their oral health status was assessed by the dmft index. S. mutans samples were isolated from the saliva and analysed by polymerase chain reaction. A total of 339 S. mutans isolates (173 from G1 and 166 from G2) were genotyped by random amplified polymorphic DNA with arbitrary primers OPA-02 and OPA-13. Result The results revealed 75 distinct genotypes of S. mutans in G1 and 73 in G2. Furthermore, G1 and G2 subjects harboured one to eight and one to seven distinct genotypes of S. mutans, respectively. A statistically significant association (P=0.021) and a moderate correlation (r= 0.503) were observed between dental caries experience and genotypic diversity of S. mutans in G1. Conclusion From the limitations of the study design, we just can hypothesize that actions of early dental care carried out by an educative-preventive program can contribute to a distinct oral microbiota.

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Assessment of the cariogenic potential of Streptococcus mutans strains and its relationship to in vivo caries experience

Oral Microbiology and Immunology ◽

10.1111/j.1399-302x.1992.tb00527.x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 142-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

L. M. D. Macpherson ◽

T. W. MacFarlane ◽

D. A. M. Geddes ◽

K. W. Stephen

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Caries Experience

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Murine Salivary Amylase Protects Against Streptococcus mutans-Induced Caries

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.699104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

David J. Culp ◽

Bently Robinson ◽

Melanie N. Cash

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Dental Enamel ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Salivary Amylase ◽

Plaque Ph ◽

Streptococcal Species ◽

The Impact

Saliva protects dental surfaces against cavities (i. e., dental caries), a highly prevalent infectious disease frequently associated with acidogenic Streptococcus mutans. Substantial in vitro evidence supports amylase, a major constituent of saliva, as either protective against caries or supporting caries. We therefore produced mice with targeted deletion of salivary amylase (Amy1) and determined the impact on caries in mice challenged with S. mutans and fed a diet rich in sucrose to promote caries. Total smooth surface and sulcal caries were 2.35-fold and 1.79-fold greater in knockout mice, respectively, plus caries severities were twofold or greater on sulcal and smooth surfaces. In in vitro experiments with samples of whole stimulated saliva, amylase expression did not affect the adherence of S. mutans to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and slightly increased its aggregation in solution (i.e., oral clearance). Conversely, S. mutans in biofilms formed in saliva with 1% glucose displayed no differences when cultured on polystyrene, but on hydroxyapatite was 40% less with amylase expression, suggesting that recognition by S. mutans of amylase bound to hydroxyapatite suppresses growth. However, this effect was overshadowed in vivo, as the recoveries of S. mutans from dental plaque were similar between both groups of mice, suggesting that amylase expression helps decrease plaque acids from S. mutans that dissolve dental enamel. With amylase deletion, commensal streptococcal species increased from ~75 to 90% of the total oral microbiota, suggesting that amylase may promote higher plaque pH by supporting colonization by base-producing oral commensals. Importantly, collective results indicate that amylase may serve as a biomarker of caries risk.

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Function-adaptive clustered nanoparticles reverse Streptococcus mutans dental biofilm and maintain microbiota balance

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-02372-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Ostadhossein ◽

Parikshit Moitra ◽

Esra Altun ◽

Debapriya Dutta ◽

Dinabandhu Sar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

16S Rrna Analysis ◽

Dental Biofilm ◽

Dental Plaques

AbstractDental plaques are biofilms that cause dental caries by demineralization with acidogenic bacteria. These bacteria reside inside a protective sheath which makes any curative treatment challenging. We propose an antibiotic-free strategy to disrupt the biofilm by engineered clustered carbon dot nanoparticles that function in the acidic environment of the biofilms. In vitro and ex vivo studies on the mature biofilms of Streptococcus mutans revealed >90% biofilm inhibition associated with the contact-mediated interaction of nanoparticles with the bacterial membrane, excessive reactive oxygen species generation, and DNA fragmentation. An in vivo examination showed that these nanoparticles could effectively suppress the growth of S. mutans. Importantly, 16S rRNA analysis of the dental microbiota showed that the diversity and richness of bacterial species did not substantially change with nanoparticle treatment. Overall, this study presents a safe and effective approach to decrease the dental biofilm formation without disrupting the ecological balance of the oral cavity.

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Calcium fluoride nanoparticles induced suppression of Streptococcus mutans biofilm: an in vitro and in vivo approach

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s00253-015-7154-4 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 1901-1914 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Shatavari Kulshrestha ◽

Shakir Khan ◽

Sadaf Hasan ◽

M. Ehtisham Khan ◽

Lama Misba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Calcium Fluoride ◽

Fluoride Nanoparticles

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Inhibitory Effects of MoAbs against a Surface Protein Antigen in Real-Time Adherence In vitro and Recolonization In vivo of Streptococcus mutans

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00962.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 54 (1-2) ◽

pp. 109-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

H. Senpuku ◽

K. Matin ◽

S. MD. Abdus ◽

I. Kurauchi ◽

S. Sakurai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Protein Antigen ◽

Inhibitory Effects

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Association of Feeding Methods and Streptococcus mutans Count with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-sectional Study

International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1420 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 119-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Manjunath P Puranik ◽

Deepa Bullappa ◽

KR Sowmya ◽

T Nagarathnamma

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mothers And Children ◽

Feeding Methods ◽

Childhood Caries

ABSTRACT Introduction Early childhood caries (ECC) is a virulent form of dental caries that can destroy the primary dentition of toddlers and preschool children. The aim was to determine the relationship of feeding methods and oral Streptococcus mutans count in 3- to 5-year-old children with ECC. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 3 to 5 years. Participating mothers were interviewed regarding child's demographic profile, educational level and socioeconomic status of parents, past medical and dental history of the mother and child, child's feeding habits, and dietary habits and oral hygiene practices of mother and child. Clinical examination for dental caries was done using the World Health Organization criteria (1997). Salivary samples of mother–child pair were collected to determine the pH, flow rate, and S. mutans count. Statistical tests, such as Student's t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation were applied. Results Out of 150 mother–child pair, statistically significant difference in the caries experience was found between mothers and children with high and low S. mutans count. Moderate but statistically significant negative correlation was found between mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth of mothers and mean decayed, extracted and filled teeth (deft) of children with high S. mutans count. Regarding deft, there was no statistically significant difference between children who were exclusively breast fed (7.85 ± 2.94), exclusively bottle-fed (8.67 ± 3.98), and both breast and bottle-fed (7.77 ± 2.91). Conclusion The mean caries experience of mothers and children was 2.66 ± 2.01 and 7.82 ± 2.94 respectively, with decayed component being maximum. Moderate and significant correlation (r = 0.5) was found between S. mutans of mothers and children in saliva. Significant negative correlation was found between mothers and children with high S. mutans count (r = –0.0284; p = 0.046). How to cite this article Bullappa D, Puranik MP, Sowmya KR, Nagarathnamma T. Association of Feeding Methods and Streptococcus mutans Count with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):119-125.

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Antibacterial Activity and Anti-Biofilm Effect of Chitosan against Strains of Streptococcus Mutans Isolated in Dental Plaque

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1177/039463200802100424 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 993-997 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

G. Pasquantonio ◽

C. Greco ◽

M. Prenna ◽

C. Ripa ◽

L.A. Vitali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Chitosan Solution ◽

Positive Control ◽

Phases Of Development ◽

Adhesion Phase ◽

Adult Volunteers

Streptococcus mutans is the major cause of dental plaque and is often associated with biofilm formation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the activity of a hydrosoluble derivative of chitosan against S. mutans biofilms in vitro and in vivo. Strains of S. mutans were isolated from the dental plaque of 84 patients enrolled in the study. The antibacterial activity of chitosan was determined by broth microdilutions. The effect of chitosan at different concentrations and exposure times on S. mutans biofilms at different phases of development was assessed by a clinical study using the classical “4-day plaque regrowth” experiment in adult volunteers. The MIC values of chitosan were between 0.5 and 2 g/L. Compared to distilled water, the chitosan solution significantly decreased the vitality of plaque microflora (p≤0.05). Chlorhexidine, used as a positive control, reduced vitality even further. The results showed that S. mutans in the adhesion phase (4 h) was completely inhibited by chitosan at any concentration (0.1, 0.2, 0.5XMIC) or exposure time investigated (1, 15, 30, 60 min), while S. mutans at successive stages of accumulation (12–24 h) was inhibited only by higher concentrations and longer exposure times. These data confirm the effective action of chitosan against S. mutans biofilms.

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