scholarly journals Regulation of Appetite, Satiation, and Body Weight by Enteroendocrine Cells. Part 2: Therapeutic Potential of Enteroendocrine Cells in the Treatment of Obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Posovszky ◽  
Martin Wabitsch
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Enteroendocrine Cells ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

scholarly journals Elaiophylin reduces body weight and lowers glucose levels in obese mice by activating AMPK

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoxuan Bao ◽  
Yongmei Meng ◽  
Haibo Zhang ◽  
Chen Yang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Obese Mouse ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

AbstractObesity is an epidemic affecting 13% of the global population and increasing the risk of many chronic diseases. However, only several drugs are licensed for pharmacological intervention for the treatment of obesity. As a master regulator of metabolism, the therapeutic potential of AMPK is widely recognized and aggressively pursued for the treatment of metabolic diseases. We found that elaiophylin (Ela) rapidly activates AMPK in a panel of cancer-cell lines, as well as primary hepatocytes and adipocytes. Meanwhile, Ela inhibits the mTORC1 complex, turning on catabolism and turning off anabolism together with AMPK. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that Ela does not activate AMPK directly, instead, it increases cellular AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP ratios, leading to AMPK phosphorylation in a LKB1-dependent manner. AMPK activation induced by Ela caused changes in diverse metabolic genes, thereby promoting glucose consumption and fatty acid oxidation. Importantly, Ela activates AMPK in mouse liver and adipose tissue. As a consequence, it reduces body weight and blood glucose levels and improves glucose and insulin tolerance in both ob/ob and high-fat diet-induced obese mouse models. Our study has identified a novel AMPK activator as a candidate drug for the treatment of obesity and its associated chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Targeting the Endocannabinoid CB1 Receptor to Treat Body Weight Disorders: A Preclinical and Clinical Review of the Therapeutic Potential of Past and Present CB1 Drugs

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Murphy ◽  
Bernard Le Foll
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cb1 Receptor ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Psychiatric Side Effects ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
The Impact

Obesity rates are increasing worldwide and there is a need for novel therapeutic treatment options. The endocannabinoid system has been linked to homeostatic processes, including metabolism, food intake, and the regulation of body weight. Rimonabant, an inverse agonist for the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, was effective at producing weight loss in obese subjects. However, due to adverse psychiatric side effects, rimonabant was removed from the market. More recently, we reported an inverse relationship between cannabis use and BMI, which has now been duplicated by several groups. As those results may appear contradictory, we review here preclinical and clinical studies that have studied the impact on body weight of various cannabinoid CB1 drugs. Notably, we will review the impact of CB1 inverse agonists, agonists, partial agonists, and neutral antagonists. Those findings clearly point out the cannabinoid CB1 as a potential effective target for the treatment of obesity. Recent preclinical studies suggest that ligands targeting the CB1 may retain the therapeutic potential of rimonabant without the negative side effect profile. Such approaches should be tested in clinical trials for validation.

scholarly journals Biological Properties and Prospects for the Application of Eugenol—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3671
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ulanowska ◽  
Beata Olas
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aromatic Compound ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Component ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Concentrations

Eugenol is a phenolic aromatic compound obtained mainly from clove oil. Due to its known antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it has long been used in various areas, such as cosmetology, medicine, and pharmacology. However, high concentrations can be toxic. A dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight is regarded as safe. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the activities and application of eugenol and its derivatives and recent research of these compounds. This review is based on information concerning eugenol characteristics and recent research from articles in PubMed. Eugenol remains of great interest to researchers, since its multidirectional action allows it to be a potential component of drugs and other products with therapeutic potential against a range of diseases.

Secretin as a satiation whisperer with the potential to turn into an obesity-curbing knight

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schnabl ◽  
Yongguo Li ◽  
Mueez U-Din ◽  
Martin Klingenspor
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract The obesity pandemic requires effective preventative and therapeutic intervention strategies. Successful and sustained obesity treatment is currently limited to bariatric surgery. Modulating the release of gut hormones is considered promising to mimic bariatric surgery with its beneficial effects on food intake, body weight and blood glucose levels. The gut peptide secretin was the first molecule to be termed a hormone; nevertheless, it only recently has been established as a legitimate anorexigenic peptide. In contrast to gut hormones that crosstalk with the brain either directly or by afferent neuronal projections, secretin mediates meal-associated brown fat thermogenesis to induce meal termination, thereby qualifying this physiological mechanism as an attractive, peripheral target for the treatment of obesity. In this perspective, it is of pivotal interest to deepen our yet superficial knowledge on the physiological roles of secretin as well as meal-associated thermogenesis in energy balance and body weight regulation. Of note, the emerging differences between meal-associated thermogenesis and cold-induced thermogenesis must be taken into account. In fact, there is no correlation between these two entities. In addition, the investigation of potential effects of secretin in hedonic-driven food intake, bariatric surgery as well as chronic treatment using suitable application strategies to overcome pharmacokinetic limitations will provide further insight into its potential to influence energy balance. The aim of this article is to review the facts on secretin’s metabolic effects, address prevailing gaps in our knowledge, and provide an overview on the opportunities and challenges of the therapeutic potential of secretin in body weight control.

One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass in the Treatment of Obesity: Effects on Body Weight and the Metabolome

2020 ◽  
pp. 777-790
Author(s):  
Adriana Mika ◽  
Tomasz Sledzinski ◽  
Monika Proczko-Stepaniak ◽  
Faidon Magkos
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

scholarly journals Intestinal microbiota, obesity and prebiotics

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BARCZYNSKA ◽  
K. BANDURSKA ◽  
K. SLIZEWSKA ◽  
M. LITWIN ◽  
M. SZALECKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Over the past few decades there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity in both children and adults. Obesity is a disease that has reached epidemic levels on a global scale. The development of obesity is associated with both environmental and genetic factors. Recent studies indicate that intestinal microorganisms play an important function in maintaining normal body weight. One of the objectives in the gut microbiota research is to determine the role it plays and can it be a reliable biomarker of disease risk, including the predisposition to obesity. This article discusses (1) the role of prebiotics and gut microbiota in maintaining a healthy body weight and (2) potential influence on the gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals How glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists work

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Rode Andreasen ◽  
Andreas Andersen ◽  
Filip Krag Knop ◽  
Tina Vilsbøll
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Reduce Body Weight ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Clinical Utilisation

Recent years, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have become central in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In addition to their glucose-lowering properties with low risk of hypoglycaemia, GLP-1RAs reduce body weight and show promising results in reducing cardiovascular risk and renal complications in high-risk individuals with T2D. These findings have changed guidelines on T2D management over the last years, and GLP-1RAs are now widely used in overweight patients with T2D as well as in patients with T2D and cardiovascular disease regardless of glycaemic control. The currently available GLP-1RAs have different pharmacokinetic profiles and differ in their ability to improve glycaemia, reduce body weight and in their cardio- and renal protective potentials. Understanding how these agents work, including insights into their pleiotropic effects on T2D pathophysiology, may improve their clinical utilisation and be useful for exploring other indications such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of approved GLP-1RAs, their clinical effects and mode of actions, and we offer insights into the potential of GLP-1RAs for other indications than T2D. Finally, we will discuss the emerging data and therapeutic potential of using GLP-1RAs in combinations with other receptor agonists.

scholarly journals Oxytocin Administration Alleviates Acute but Not Chronic Leptin Resistance of Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Labyb ◽  
Chloé Chrétien ◽  
Aurélie Caillon ◽  
Françoise Rohner-Jeanrenaud ◽  
Jordi Altirriba
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Whereas leptin administration only has a negligible effect on the treatment of obesity, it has been demonstrated that its action can be improved by co-administration of leptin and one of its sensitizers. Considering that oxytocin treatment decreases body weight in obese animals and humans, we investigated the effects of oxytocin and leptin cotreatment. First, lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were treated with oxytocin for 2 weeks and we measured the acute leptin response. Second, DIO mice were treated for 2 weeks with saline, oxytocin (50 μg/day), leptin (20 or 40 µg/day) or oxytocin plus leptin. Oxytocin pre-treatment restored a normal acute leptin response, decreasing food intake and body weight gain. Chronic continuous administration of oxytocin or leptin at 40 µg/day decreased body weight in the presence (leptin) or in the absence (oxytocin) of cumulative differences in food intake. Saline or leptin treatment at 20 µg/day had no impact on body weight. Oxytocin and leptin cotreatments had no additional effects compared with single treatments. These results point to the fact that chronic oxytocin treatment improves the acute, but not the chronic leptin response, suggesting that this treatment could be used to improve the short-term satiety effect of leptin.

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