scholarly journals Effects and Interactions of Prenatal Ethanol Exposure, a Post-Weaning High-Fat Diet and Gender on Adult Hypercholesterolemia Occurrence in Offspring Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjian Qi ◽  
Hanwen Luo ◽  
Shuwei Hu ◽  
Yimeng Wu ◽  
Jacques Magdalou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Background/Aims: Prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) could induce intrauterine programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis-associated neuroendocrine metabolism, resulting in intrauterine growth retardation and susceptibility to adult hypercholesterolemia in offspring. This study aimed to analyse the effects and interactions of PEE, a post-weaning high-fat diet (HFD) and gender on the occurrence of adult hypercholesterolemia in offspring rats. Methods: Wistar female rats were treated with ethanol (4 g/kg.d) at gestational days 11-20. The offspring were given a normal diet or HFD after weaning, and the blood cholesterol metabolism phenotype and expression of hepatic cholesterol metabolism related genes were detected in 24-week-old offspring. Furthermore, the interactions among PEE, HFD, and gender on hypercholesterolemia occurrence were analysed. Results: PEE increased the serum total cholesterol (TCH) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and decreased the serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level in adult offspring rats; the changes in female offspring were greater than those in males. At the same time, the mRNA expression levels of hepatic cholesterol metabolic enzymes (apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1))—were increased, while the mRNA expression levels of the scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) and LDL receptor (LDLR) were decreased. Furthermore, a three-way ANOVA showed there were interactions among PEE, post-weaning HFD and gender. For PEE offspring, a post-weaning HFD aggravated the elevated hepatic ApoB and CYP7A1 expression and reduced SR-B1 and LDLR expression; the changes in hepatic SR-B1 and CYP7A1 expression were greater in female HFD rats than in males. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a post-weaning HFD could aggravate offspring hypercholesterolemia caused by PEE and that this mechanism might be associated with hepatic cholesterol metabolic disorders that are aggravated by a post-weaning HFD; hepatic cholesterol metabolism was more sensitive to neuroendocrine metabolic alterations by PEE and a post-weaning HFD in the female offspring than in the male offspring.

scholarly journals Prenatal ethanol exposure induces an intrauterine programming of enhanced sensitivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in female offspring rats fed with post-weaning high-fat diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1238-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Lu ◽  
Yinxian Wen ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Chong Zhang ◽  
Weihua Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Ethanol Exposure ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Intrauterine Programming

“Intrauterine programming” involved in the intrauterine origin of prenatal ethanol exposure induced enhanced sensitivity of the HPA axis in female offspring rats fed with high-fat diet.

scholarly journals Dietary Betaine Addition Promotes Hepatic Cholesterol Synthesis, Bile Acid Conversion, and Export in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Sisi Li ◽  
Shuyi Xu ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Haichao Wang ◽  
Jie Feng
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat

It is widely reported how betaine addition regulates lipid metabolism but how betaine affects cholesterol metabolism is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of betaine in hepatic cholesterol metabolism of Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were randomly allocated to four groups and fed with a basal diet or a high-fat diet with or without 1% betaine. The experiment lasted 28 days. The results showed that dietary betaine supplementation reduced the feed intake of rats with final weight unchanged. Serum low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol was increased with the high-fat diet. The high-fat diet promoted cholesterol synthesis and excretion by enhancing the HMG-CoA reductase and ABCG5/G8, respectively, which lead to a balance of hepatic cholesterol. Rats in betaine groups showed a higher level of hepatic total cholesterol. Dietary betaine addition enhanced cholesterol synthesis as well as conversion of bile acid from cholesterol by increasing the levels of HMGCR and CYP7A1. The high-fat diet decreased the level of bile salt export pump, while dietary betaine addition inhibited this decrease and promoted bile acid efflux and increased total bile acid levels in the intestine. In summary, dietary betaine addition promoted hepatic cholesterol metabolism, including cholesterol synthesis, conversion of bile acids, and bile acid export.

scholarly journals Prenatal food restriction induces poor-quality articular cartilage in female rat offspring fed a post-weaning high-fat diet and its intra-uterine programming mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
pp. 1346-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Tan ◽  
Yunpeng Wu ◽  
Qubo Ni ◽  
Yu Deng ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
High Fat

AbstractEpidemiological data show that osteoarthritis (OA) is significantly associated with lower birth weight, and that OA may be a type of fetal-originated adult disease. The present study aimed to investigate the prenatal food-restriction (PFR) effect on the quality of articular cartilage in female offspring to explore the underlying mechanisms of fetal-originated OA. Maternal rats were fed a restricted diet from gestational day (GD) 11 to 20 to induce intra-uterine growth retardation. Female fetuses and female adult offspring fed a post-weaning high-fat diet were killed at GD20 and postnatal week 24, respectively. Serum and knee cartilage samples from fetuses and adult female offspring were collected and examined for cholesterol metabolism and histology. Fetal serum corticosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the PFR group were lower than those of the control, but the serum cholesterol level was not changed. The lower expression of IGF-1 in the PFR group lasted into adulthood. The expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, including type II collagen, aggrecan and cholesterol efflux genes including liver X receptor, were significantly induced, but the ATP-binding-cassette transporter A1 was unchanged. PFR could induce a reduction in ECM synthesis and impaired cholesterol efflux in female offspring, and eventually led to poor quality of articular cartilage and OA.

PL-006 Expression of molecular markers of hepatic cholesterol metabolism are altered by a short-term high-fat diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Ldl Particles

Objective Metabolic disorders are often associated with liver steatosis and increased plasma cholesterol levels. However, the link between excessive lipid accumulation and impairments in cholesterol metabolism remains uninvestigated in the liver. Hence, a short treatment with a high-fat diet (HFD) was previously shown to promote excessive lipid accumulation in liver prior to the development of metabolic disorders. The present study intended to characterize how increases in liver fat alter the expression of several key regulators of hepatic cholesterol metabolism in response to a short-term HFD. Methods Young Wistar rats were randomly submitted either to HFD (n = 8) or a regular chow diet (RCD; n = 8) for 14 days.Liver tissue and blood were sampled . Results Increases in triglycerides were highly significant (P< 0.01) in liver but marginal in plasma of HFD rats. In contrast, the HFD resulted in higher (P< 0.01) cholesterol levels in plasma but not in liver samples. Gene expression of key markers involved in cholesterol uptake (LDL particles) including low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) and protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) along with ATP-binding cassette, superfamily G, member 5 (ABCG5) involved in cholesterol exportation viabile ducts were found to be higher (P< 0.05) in response to the HFD. In contrast, expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), involved in cholesterol synthesis was down-regulated in liver Conclusions The data support the concept that excessive accumulation of lipids promptly alters the expression of key genes regulating cholesterol metabolism in liver. On a clinical point of view, this indicates that increases in plasma cholesterol occur after a short-term high fat diet.

Maternal high-fat diet induces follicular atresia but does not affect fertility in adult rabbit offspring

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Léveillé ◽  
Anne Tarrade ◽  
Charlotte Dupont ◽  
Thibaut Larcher ◽  
Michèle Dahirel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Adult Rabbit ◽  
Follicular Atresia ◽  
High Fat

Alterations to the metabolic environment in utero can have an impact on subsequent female reproductive performance. Here, we used a model of rabbits receiving a high-fat diet (H diet; 7.7% fat and 0.2% cholesterol) or a control diet (C diet; 1.8% fat, no cholesterol) from 10 weeks of age up to mating at 27 weeks and throughout gestation and lactation. At weaning at 5 weeks of age, F1 female offspring were placed on either C or H diet, resulting in a total of four groups C/C, C/H, H/C and H/H diet. Female offspring were mated between 18 and 22 weeks of age and euthanized at 28 days of gestation. A few days before mating and/or just before euthanasia, F1 female rabbits were fasted overnight, weighed, and blood sampled for steroids and biochemistry. Organs were weighed at euthanasia and the ovaries were collected. C/H and H/H F1 offspring had higher cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein plasma concentrations, together with a higher fat mass compared with C/C does, reflecting the effect of the postnatal diet; however, no effect of the antenatal diet was observed on most parameters. The number of primordial, primary and secondary follicles were not different between the groups, but a significantly higher number of atretic follicles was observed in the C/H (P<0.001) and in the H/C (P<0.001) compared with control C/C ovaries, demonstrating both an effect of prenatal and postnatal maternal nutrition. These data indicated that both maternal and postnatal high-fat diet may induce follicular apoptosis; however, in this model, the reproduction was not affected.

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