Maternal Mental Disorders before Delivery and the Risk of Dental Caries in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-249
Author(s):  
Nathalie Auger ◽  
Nancy Low ◽  
Gaeun Lee ◽  
Ernest Lo ◽  
Belinda Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Childhood Caries

Prevention of childhood caries is an ongoing public health challenge, but the possibility of an association with maternal mental disorders has received limited attention. We estimated the extent to which maternal mental disorders are associated with an increased risk of hospitalization due to dental caries. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 790,758 infants born in Quebec, Canada between 2006 and 2016, with follow-up extending to 2018. We identified women with mental disorders before or during pregnancy and computed the incidence of dental caries in their children. We estimated HR and 95% CI for the association of maternal mental disorders with the risk of dental caries, adjusted for personal characteristics. Infants of women with mental disorders before or during pregnancy had a higher incidence of dental caries compared to children of women with no mental disorder (56.1 vs. 27.2 per 10,000 person-years). Maternal stress and anxiety disorders (HR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.60–1.86), depression (HR = 1.81; 95% CI 1.60–2.03), schizophrenia and delusional disorders (HR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.29–2.22), and personality disorders (HR = 1.89; 95% CI 1.70–2.11) were associated with the risk of dental caries. The associations were present throughout childhood, including after 7 years (HR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.38–1.96). Maternal mental disorders were associated with caries of the enamel, dentin, and cementum and caries that reached the dental pulp. Maternal mental disorders before or during pregnancy, especially stress and anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and personality disorders, are associated with the risk of childhood caries. Women with a history of mental disorders may benefit from enhanced strategies for prevention of dental caries in their children.

scholarly journals Mental disorders and risk of suicide attempt in prisoners

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Favril
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mere Presence

Background: Mental disorders are overrepresented in prisoners, placing them at an increased risk of suicide. Advancing our understanding of how different mental disorders relate to distinct stages of the suicidal process—the transition from ideation to action—would provide valuable information for clinical risk assessment in this high-risk population. Methods: Data were drawn from a representative sample of 1212 adults (1093 men) incarcerated across 13 New Zealand prisons, accounting for 14% of the national prison population. Guided by an ideation-to-action framework, three mutually exclusive groups of participants were compared on the presence of mental disorders assessed by validated DSM-IV diagnostic criteria: prisoners without any suicidal history (controls; n = 778), prisoners who thought about suicide but never made a suicide attempt (ideators; n = 187), and prisoners who experienced suicidal ideation and acted on such thoughts (attempters; n = 247). Results: One-third (34.6%) of participants reported a lifetime history of suicidal ideation, of whom 55.6% attempted suicide (19.2% of all prisoners). Suicidal outcomes in the absence of mental disorders were rare. Whilst each disorder increased the odds of suicidal ideation (OR range 1.73–4.13) and suicide attempt (OR range 1.82–4.05) in the total sample (n = 1212), only a select subset of disorders was associated with suicide attempt among those with suicidal ideation (n = 434). Drug dependence (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.10-2.48), alcohol dependence (OR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.26-2.85), and posttraumatic stress disorder (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.37-3.17) distinguished attempters from ideators. Conclusion: Consistent with many epidemiological studies in the general population, our data suggest that most mental disorders are best conceptualized as risk factors for suicidal ideation rather than for suicide attempt. Once prisoners consider suicide, other biopsychosocial factors beyond the mere presence of mental disorders may account for the progression from thoughts to acts of suicide.

scholarly journals Associations of mental disorders and neurotropic parasitic diseases: a meta-analysis in developing and emerging countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Labanté Outcha Daré ◽  
Pierre-Emile Bruand ◽  
Daniel Gérard ◽  
Benoît Marin ◽  
Valérie Lameyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Although they are declining worldwide, neurotropic parasitic diseases are still common in developing and emerging countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence and pooled association measures of comorbidities between mental disorders (anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia) and neurotropic parasitic diseases (malaria, cysticercosis, toxoplasmosis, human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, and human toxocariasis) in developing and emerging countries. As the first meta-analysis on this topic, this study was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (N°CRD42017056521). The Medline, Embase, Lilacs, and Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology databases were used to search for articles without any restriction in language or date. We evaluated the quality of studies independently by two investigators using the Downs and Black assessment grid and pooled estimates using the random-effects method from CMA (Comprehensive Meta Analysis) Version 3.0. In total, 18 studies published between 1997 and 2016 met our inclusion criteria. We found that the prevalence of anxiety and depression in people suffering from Chagas disease and/or neurocysticercosis was 44.9% (95% CI, 34.4 – 55.9). In 16 pooled studies that included 1,782 people with mental disorders and 1,776 controls, toxoplasmosis and/or toxocariasis were associated with increased risk of schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorders (odds ratio = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.7 – 3.2). Finally, toxocariasis and/or toxoplasmosis were associated with an increased risk of the onset of schizophrenia (odds ratio = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.7 – 3.4). Our pooled estimates show that the associations between diseases studied are relatively high in developing and emerging countries. This meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that toxoplasmosis could be the cause of schizophrenia. These findings could prove useful to researchers who want to further explore and understand the associations studied. Keywords: Meta-analysis, association, co-morbidities, mental disorders, neurotropic parasitic diseases.

P.247 Psychological impact of COVID-19 confinement among people with history of mental disorders (bipolar, anxiety, depression) and general population in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. S141-S142
Author(s):  
L. García-Álvarez ◽  
L. De la Fuente Tomás ◽  
P. García-Portilla González ◽  
T. Bobes Bascarán ◽  
C. Martínez Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anxiety Depression

scholarly journals Comparison of psychological symptoms between infected and non-infected COVID-19 health care workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nami Mohammadian Khonsari ◽  
Gita Shafiee ◽  
Atefeh Zandifar ◽  
Sahar Mohammad Poornami ◽  
Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background Studies have shown that health care workers (HCWs), as front liners of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, are at high risk for psychological symptoms, but few studies have compared these symptoms in infected and non-infected HCWs. This study compares psychological symptoms among these two groups. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 938 HCWs from various medical fields working in the leading general hospitals of Alborz province, Iran, were selected using a multistage sampling method. The participants had contact with COVID-19 patients. Post-traumatic stress disorder-8 (PTSD-8) is a validated questionnaire that we used to evaluate PTSD symptoms along with its subscales, including intrusion, avoidance, and hypervigilance. Also, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 questionnaire was used to assess the severity of the aforementioned conditions in HCWs. Multivariate logistic regression was used to compare psychological symptoms in infected and non-infected HCWs. Results Among 938 included HCWs, 55 had a history of confirmed COVID-19 infection. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, intrusion, hypervigilance, and avoidance among infected HCWs were significantly higher in comparison to non-infected HCWs. In the multivariate logistic model, history of COVID-19 infection among HCWs was associated with a significantly increased risk of anxiety, depression, stress, intrusion, hyper-vigilance, and avoidance. Conclusion The present study showed that the HCWs with COVID-19 infection were at a high risk of displaying psychological symptoms. Therefore, it is also necessary to develop psychological support and interventions for HCWs, especially those who got infected with the virus.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors associated with mental health disorders among medical students

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto S. Navarro ◽  
María F. Macías ◽  
Eduardo Sánchez ◽  
José M. Zepeda ◽  
Felix Osuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Anxiety Depression

The mental health care of medical students is a complex process influenced by various innate or personal characteristics of the student, stressors related to medical training, social, economic, demographic and many other factors. Therefore, it is important to identify both the prevalence and the main risk factors that can trigger mental disorders in medical students, such as stress, burnout, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, suicide, among others. Specifically in these students, the prevalence of depression ranges between 2.9% and 38.2% respectively; likewise, exhaustion ("burnout") prevails in 28-45% of them. Most students do not seek the necessary support to solve such problems, which leads to serious consequences, such as the abuse of substances harmful to health, in addition to environments, situations or actions that lead to mental destabilization. The following paper is a review that emphasizes the prevalence and risk factors that can trigger these mental disorders, in order to make an early detection and timely intervention, such as attending psychiatric therapy and/or receiving support from the educational system itself.

scholarly journals Cues for different diagnostic patterns of interpersonal violence in a psychiatric sample: an observational study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Talevi ◽  
Alberto Collazzoni ◽  
Alessandro Rossi ◽  
Paolo Stratta ◽  
Monica Mazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Violence Perpetration ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background. Interpersonal violence has increased as a health concern, especially in psychiatry practice, over the last decades. Nevertheless, most patients with stable mental disorders do not present an increased risk of violence, and mental disorder is not a necessary or sufficient cause of violent behaviours. People with mental disorders endorse more often a number of risk factors for violence that could confound this association, such as young age and male gender. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age, gender, and diagnosis on reported levels of interpersonal violence in a sample of people with severe mental illness. Methods. The sample was composed of 160 inpatients: 73 with a psychosis within the schizophrenia spectrum, 53 with a mood disorder and 34 with a personality disorder. All patients enrolled in the study were assessed for experiences of victimization and perpetration of interpersonal violence using the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale interview. Demographic variables were also collected. Results. Both violence perpetration and victimization negatively correlated with age. Compared to males, females were exposed to higher degree of victimization in childhood and adulthood, whereas males were more involved in the perpetration of violence in childhood. Personality disorders were associated with higher levels of interpersonal violence, both perpetration and victimization; an interaction effect of gender and diagnosis was also observed for violence perpetration in adulthood. Distinct patterns of interpersonal violence did emerge for the diagnostic groups with mood disorder showing a victimization pattern, personality disorders a perpetration pattern and psychoses less defined patterns. Conclusions. The main finding is that psychotic disorders, mood disorders and personality disorders have different patterns of violent experiences interacting with age and gender. This study offers a better understanding of how gender and age could affect violent behaviours. Moreover, study findings may increase the comprehension of the reason why some mental disorders, compared to others, are more associated with the risk of victimization or perpetration of violence. These patterns could have pathophysiological or pathoplastic meaning addressing clinical and diagnostic trajectories and they could interact with other intervening risk factors.

scholarly journals Associations of mental disorders and neurotropic parasitic diseases: a meta-analysis in developing and emerging countries.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Labanté Outcha Daré ◽  
Pierre-Emile Bruand ◽  
Daniel Gérard ◽  
Benoît Marin ◽  
Valérie Lameyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background Although they are declining worlwide, neurotropic parasitic diseases are still common in developing and emerging countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence and pooled association measures of comorbidities between mental disorders (anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia) and neurotropic parasitic diseases (malaria, cysticercosis, toxoplasmosis, human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, and human toxocariasis) in developing and emerging countries.Methods As the first meta-analysis on this topic, this study was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (N°CRD42017056521). The Medline, Embase, Lilacs, and Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology databases were used to search for articles without any restriction in language or date. We evaluated the quality of studies independently by two investigators using the Downs and Black assessment grid and pooled estimates using the random-effects method from CMA (Comprehensive Meta Analysis) Version 3.0..Results In total, 18 studies studies published between 1997 and 2016 met our inclusion criteria. We found that the prevalence of anxiety and depression in people suffering from Chagas disease and/or neurocysticercosis was 44.9% (95% CI, 34.4 – 55.9). In 16 pooled studies that included 1,782 people with mental disorders and 1,776 controls, toxoplasmosis and/or toxocariasis were associated with increased risk of schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorders (odds ratio = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.7 – 3.2). Finally, toxocariasis and/or toxoplasmosis were associated with an increased risk of the onset of schizophrenia (odds ratio = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.7 – 3.4).Conclusion Our pooled estimates show that the associations between diseases studied are relatively high in developing and emerging countries. This meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that toxoplasmosis could be the cause of schizophrenia. These findings could prove useful to researchers who want to further explore and understand the associations studied.

scholarly journals Associations of mental disorders and neurotropic parasitic diseases: a meta-analysis in developing and emerging countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Labanté Outcha Daré ◽  
Pierre-Emile Bruand ◽  
Daniel Gérard ◽  
Benoît Marin ◽  
Valérie Lameyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Although they are declining worldwide, neurotropic parasitic diseases are still common in developing and emerging countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence and pooled association measures of comorbidities between mental disorders (anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia) and neurotropic parasitic diseases (malaria, cysticercosis, toxoplasmosis, human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, and human toxocariasis) in developing and emerging countries. As the first meta-analysis on this topic, this study was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (N°CRD42017056521). The Medline, Embase, Lilacs, and Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology databases were used to search for articles without any restriction in language or date. We evaluated the quality of studies independently by two investigators using the Downs and Black assessment grid and pooled estimates using the random-effects method from CMA (Comprehensive Meta Analysis) Version 3.0. In total, 18 studies published between 1997 and 2016 met our inclusion criteria. We found that the prevalence of anxiety and depression in people suffering from Chagas disease and/or neurocysticercosis was 44.9% (95% CI, 34.4 – 55.9). In 16 pooled studies that included 1,782 people with mental disorders and 1,776 controls, toxoplasmosis and/or toxocariasis were associated with increased risk of schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorders (odds ratio = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.7 – 3.2). Finally, toxocariasis and/or toxoplasmosis were associated with an increased risk of the onset of schizophrenia (odds ratio = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.7 – 3.4). Our pooled estimates show that the associations between diseases studied are relatively high in developing and emerging countries. This meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that toxoplasmosis could be the cause of schizophrenia. These findings could prove useful to researchers who want to further explore and understand the associations studied. Keywords: Meta-analysis, association, co-morbidities, mental disorders, neurotropic parasitic diseases.

scholarly journals Associations of mental disorders and neurotropic parasitic diseases: a meta-analysis in developing and emerging countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Labanté Outcha Daré ◽  
Pierre-Emile Bruand ◽  
Daniel Gérard ◽  
Benoît Marin ◽  
Valérie Lameyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Although they are declining worldwide, neurotropic parasitic diseases are still common in developing and emerging countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence and pooled association measures of comorbidities between mental disorders (anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia) and neurotropic parasitic diseases (malaria, cysticercosis, toxoplasmosis, human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, and human toxocariasis) in developing and emerging countries. As the first meta-analysis on this topic, this study was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (N°CRD42017056521). The Medline, Embase, Lilacs, and Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology databases were used to search for articles without any restriction in language or date. We evaluated the quality of studies independently by two investigators using the Downs and Black assessment grid and pooled estimates using the random-effects method from CMA (Comprehensive Meta Analysis) Version 3.0. In total, 18 studies published between 1997 and 2016 met our inclusion criteria. We found that the prevalence of anxiety and depression in people suffering from Chagas disease and/or neurocysticercosis was 44.9% (95% CI, 34.4 – 55.9). In 16 pooled studies that included 1,782 people with mental disorders and 1,776 controls, toxoplasmosis and/or toxocariasis were associated with increased risk of schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorders (odds ratio = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.7 – 3.2). Finally, toxocariasis and/or toxoplasmosis were associated with an increased risk of the onset of schizophrenia (odds ratio = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.7 – 3.4). Our pooled estimates show that the associations between diseases studied are relatively high in developing and emerging countries. This meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that toxoplasmosis could be the cause of schizophrenia. These findings could prove useful to researchers who want to further explore and understand the associations studied. Keywords: Meta-analysis, association, co-morbidities, mental disorders, neurotropic parasitic diseases.

scholarly journals Associations of mental disorders and neurotropic parasitic diseases: a meta-analysis in developing and emerging countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Labanté Outcha Daré ◽  
Pierre-Emile Bruand ◽  
Daniel Gérard ◽  
Benoît Marin ◽  
Valerie Lameyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background Although they are declining worldwide, neurotropic parasitic diseases are still common in developing and emerging countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence and pooled association measures of comorbidities between mental disorders (anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia) and neurotropic parasitic diseases (malaria, cysticercosis, toxoplasmosis, human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, and human toxocariasis) in developing and emerging countries. Methods As the first meta-analysis on this topic, this study was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (N°CRD42017056521). The Medline, Embase, Lilacs, and Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology databases were used to search for articles without any restriction in language or date. We evaluated the quality of studies independently by two investigators using the Downs and Black assessment grid and pooled estimates using the random-effects method from CMA (Comprehensive Meta Analysis) Version 3.0. Results In total, 18 studies published between 1997 and 2016 met our inclusion criteria. We found that the prevalence of anxiety and depression in people suffering from Chagas disease and/or neurocysticercosis was 44.9% (95% CI, 34.4–55.9). In 16 pooled studies that included 1782 people with mental disorders and 1776 controls, toxoplasmosis and/or toxocariasis were associated with increased risk of schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorders (odds ratio = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.7–3.2). Finally, toxocariasis and/or toxoplasmosis were associated with an increased risk of the onset of schizophrenia (odds ratio = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.7–3.4). Conclusion Our pooled estimates show that the associations between diseases studied are relatively high in developing and emerging countries. This meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that toxoplasmosis could be the cause of schizophrenia. These findings could prove useful to researchers who want to further explore and understand the associations studied.

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