scholarly journals Mental disorders and risk of suicide attempt in prisoners

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Favril
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mere Presence

Background: Mental disorders are overrepresented in prisoners, placing them at an increased risk of suicide. Advancing our understanding of how different mental disorders relate to distinct stages of the suicidal process—the transition from ideation to action—would provide valuable information for clinical risk assessment in this high-risk population. Methods: Data were drawn from a representative sample of 1212 adults (1093 men) incarcerated across 13 New Zealand prisons, accounting for 14% of the national prison population. Guided by an ideation-to-action framework, three mutually exclusive groups of participants were compared on the presence of mental disorders assessed by validated DSM-IV diagnostic criteria: prisoners without any suicidal history (controls; n = 778), prisoners who thought about suicide but never made a suicide attempt (ideators; n = 187), and prisoners who experienced suicidal ideation and acted on such thoughts (attempters; n = 247). Results: One-third (34.6%) of participants reported a lifetime history of suicidal ideation, of whom 55.6% attempted suicide (19.2% of all prisoners). Suicidal outcomes in the absence of mental disorders were rare. Whilst each disorder increased the odds of suicidal ideation (OR range 1.73–4.13) and suicide attempt (OR range 1.82–4.05) in the total sample (n = 1212), only a select subset of disorders was associated with suicide attempt among those with suicidal ideation (n = 434). Drug dependence (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.10-2.48), alcohol dependence (OR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.26-2.85), and posttraumatic stress disorder (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.37-3.17) distinguished attempters from ideators. Conclusion: Consistent with many epidemiological studies in the general population, our data suggest that most mental disorders are best conceptualized as risk factors for suicidal ideation rather than for suicide attempt. Once prisoners consider suicide, other biopsychosocial factors beyond the mere presence of mental disorders may account for the progression from thoughts to acts of suicide.

scholarly journals Associations of adverse childhood experiences and social support with self-injurious behaviour and suicidality in adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhui Wan ◽  
Ruoling Chen ◽  
Shuangshuang Ma ◽  
Danielle McFeeters ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Individual

BackgroundThere is little investigation on the interaction effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and social support on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in community adolescent populations, or gender differences in these effects.AimsTo examine the individual and interaction effects of ACEs and social support on NSSI, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in adolescents, and explore gender differences.MethodA school-based health survey was conducted in three provinces in China between 2013–2014. A total of 14 820 students aged 10–20 years completed standard questionnaires, to record details of ACEs, social support, NSSI, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.ResultsOf included participants, 89.4% reported one or more category of ACEs. The 12-month prevalence of NSSI, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt was 26.1%, 17.5% and 4.4%, respectively; all were significantly associated with increased ACEs and lower social support. The multiple adjusted odds ratio of NSSI in low versus high social support was 2.27 (95% CI 1.85–2.67) for girls and 1.81 (95% CI 1.53–2.14) for boys, and their ratio (Ratio of two odds ratios, ROR) was 1.25 (P = 0.037). Girls with high ACEs scores (5–6) and moderate or low social support also had a higher risk of suicide attempt than boys (RORs: 2.34, 1.84 and 2.02, respectively; all P < 0.05).ConclusionsACEs and low social support are associated with increased risk of NSSI and suicidality in Chinese adolescents. Strategies to improve social support, particularly among female adolescents with a high number of ACEs, should be an integral component of targeted mental health interventions.Declaration of interestNone.

Evaluating depression and suicidality in tetrabenazine users with Huntington disease

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. e202-e207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan L. Schultz ◽  
Annie Killoran ◽  
Peg C. Nopoulos ◽  
Chloe C. Chabal ◽  
David J. Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Huntington Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
History Of Depression ◽  
Total Functional Capacity

ObjectiveTo determine whether tetrabenazine (TBZ) use is associated with an increased incidence of depression and/or suicidal ideation.MethodsIn this retrospective cross-sectional study of the Enroll-HD database, we used multiple logistic regression analyses to determine whether TBZ use is associated with an increased incidence of depression and/or suicidal ideation. For both dependent variables (depression and suicidality), separate analyses were conducted on (1) all participants, (2) only participants with a history of depression, and (3) only participants with no history of depression. Adjustments were made for CAG repeat length, total motor score, total functional capacity, Symbol Digit Modalities Test score, sex, disease duration, history of depression (when applicable), antipsychotic use, and antidepressant use.ResultsCompared to participants who were not using TBZ (n = 3,548), TBZ users (n = 543) did not have an increased risk of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 0.78, p = 0.064). Participants taking TBZ actually had a relatively lower risk of suicidality (OR = 0.61, p = 0.043). Among only participants with a history of depression, those using TBZ had a lower incidence of depression (OR = 0.71, p = 0.016) and suicidal ideation (OR = 0.57, p = 0.028) compared to those not using TBZ. Finally, among only participants with no history of depression, TBZ use was not associated with a higher incidence of depression (OR = 1.59, p = 0.18) or suicidality (OR = 1.43, p = 0.66) compared to those who were not using TBZ.ConclusionsTBZ use was not associated with an increased incidence of depression or suicidality. These findings suggest that TBZ may be safe to use in patients with Huntington disease who have a history of depression.

Maternal Mental Disorders before Delivery and the Risk of Dental Caries in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-249
Author(s):  
Nathalie Auger ◽  
Nancy Low ◽  
Gaeun Lee ◽  
Ernest Lo ◽  
Belinda Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Childhood Caries

Prevention of childhood caries is an ongoing public health challenge, but the possibility of an association with maternal mental disorders has received limited attention. We estimated the extent to which maternal mental disorders are associated with an increased risk of hospitalization due to dental caries. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 790,758 infants born in Quebec, Canada between 2006 and 2016, with follow-up extending to 2018. We identified women with mental disorders before or during pregnancy and computed the incidence of dental caries in their children. We estimated HR and 95% CI for the association of maternal mental disorders with the risk of dental caries, adjusted for personal characteristics. Infants of women with mental disorders before or during pregnancy had a higher incidence of dental caries compared to children of women with no mental disorder (56.1 vs. 27.2 per 10,000 person-years). Maternal stress and anxiety disorders (HR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.60–1.86), depression (HR = 1.81; 95% CI 1.60–2.03), schizophrenia and delusional disorders (HR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.29–2.22), and personality disorders (HR = 1.89; 95% CI 1.70–2.11) were associated with the risk of dental caries. The associations were present throughout childhood, including after 7 years (HR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.38–1.96). Maternal mental disorders were associated with caries of the enamel, dentin, and cementum and caries that reached the dental pulp. Maternal mental disorders before or during pregnancy, especially stress and anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and personality disorders, are associated with the risk of childhood caries. Women with a history of mental disorders may benefit from enhanced strategies for prevention of dental caries in their children.

scholarly journals Predictors of Suicide Behavior Relapse in Pediatric Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Villar ◽  
Carmina Castellano-Tejedor ◽  
Mireia Verge ◽  
Bernardo Sánchez ◽  
Tomás Blasco-Blasco
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

AbstractIdentifying patients at increased risk of suicide remains a challenge today. It has been reported that 10% of patients committing a suicide attempt end up dying and that both the risk and the severity of clinical symptomatology increase with the number of attempts. Within the framework of selective and indicated prevention, it is essential to identify the group of patients with an increased risk of recurrence. The objective of this study is to identify factors predicting suicide attempt relapse to improve the decision making process in the therapeutic approach to suicidal behavior. The methodology employed was a longitudinal design aimed at identifying factors, in a binary logistic regression model (stepwise), predicting the repetition of suicidal behavior among a sample of 417 participants aged between 8 and 17 years old, at the six months follow-up. A statistically significant model χ2(3, N = 417) = 18.610; p < .001; Nagelkerke R2 = .096 including the following factors was obtained: current diagnosis of personality disorder/maladaptive personality OR = .806, p = .028, 95% CI [1.091, 4.595], personal history of self-injury OR = .728, p = .043, 95% CI [1.023, 4.192], and family history of psychopathological diagnosis OR = .925, p = .021, 95% CI [1.151, 5.530]. Considering these results, having a diagnosis of personality disorder or maladaptive personality traits, presence or history of self-harm and family history of psychopathology draws a predictive profile of autolytic attempt recurrence during the six months after the initial intervention at the emergency room.

scholarly journals Readmissions for Depression and Suicide Attempt following Stroke and Myocardial Infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Laura K. Stein ◽  
Alana Kornspun ◽  
John Erdman ◽  
Mandip S. Dhamoon
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Discharge Home ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
History Of Depression

Background and Purpose: Rates of depression after ischemic stroke (IS) and myocardial infarction (MI) are significantly higher than in the general population and associated with morbidity and mortality. There is a lack of nationally representative data comparing depression and suicide attempt (SA) after these distinct ischemic vascular events. Methods: The 2013 Nationwide Readmissions Database contains >14 million US admissions for all payers and the uninsured. Using International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification Codes, we identified index admission with IS (n = 434,495) or MI (n = 539,550) and readmission for depression or SA. We calculated weighted frequencies of readmission. We performed adjusted Cox regression to calculate hazard ratio (HR) for readmission for depression and SA up to 1 year following IS versus MI. Analyses were stratified by discharge home versus elsewhere. Results: Weighted depression readmission rates were higher at 30, 60, and 90 days in patients with IS versus MI (0.04%, 0.09%, 0.12% vs. 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, respectively). There was no significant difference in SA readmissions between groups. The adjusted HR for readmission due to depression was 1.49 for IS versus MI (95% CI 1.25–1.79, p < 0.0001). History of depression (HR 3.70 [3.07–4.46]), alcoholism (2.04 [1.34–3.09]), and smoking (1.38 [1.15–1.64]) were associated with increased risk of depression readmission. Age >70 years (0.46 [0.37–0.56]) and discharge home (0.69 [0.57–0.83]) were associated with reduced hazards of readmission due to depression. Conclusions: IS was associated with greater hazard of readmission due to depression compared to MI. Patients with a history of depression, smoking, and alcoholism were more likely to be readmitted with depression, while advanced age and discharge home were protective. It is unclear to what extent differences in type of ischemic tissue damage and disability contribute, and further investigation is warranted.

scholarly journals Suicidal behaviour in postnatal mothers in northwestern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e027449
Author(s):  
Habte Belete ◽  
Eyaya Misgan
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

AimTo assess the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviour (suicidal ideation, plan or suicide attempt) in postpartum mothers.MethodAn institutional cross-sectional study was employed from March to April 2017.SettingTwo primary health centres and one referral hospital in northwestern Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 1065 mothers aged ≥18 years during routine postnatal care were included and 988 of them completed the study. Those who were unable to communicate due to illness were not included.Outcome measureMothers who visit for routine postnatal care were assessed for suicidal behaviour using a suicidal screening tool. Logistic analysis was employed with adjusted OR (AOR) and 95% CI, and with p value less than 0.05 as the level of significance.ResultsThe prevalence of suicidal behaviour (suicidal ideation, plan or suicide attempt) was found at 14.0% (138/988) (95% CI 12.00 to 16.00) in postpartum mothers. Poor wealth of the mother (AOR=2.80, 95% CI 1.18 to 6.84), unplanned pregnancy of the current child (AOR=2.28, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.54), history of rape (AOR=2.26, 95% CI 1.42 to 3.61) and sickness of the new child (AOR=1.68, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.52) were significantly associated with suicidal behaviours.ConclusionSuicidal behaviour was found pretty high among postpartum mothers and was associated with poor wealth, unplanned pregnancy, history of rape and sickness of the new infant. It is recommended to screen mothers for possible suicidal behaviour during routine postnatal care.

Perception of Health, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide Attempt Among Adults in the Community

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 346-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee D. Goodwin ◽  
Andrej Marusic
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Perception Of Health ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Comorbid Mental Disorders

Background: There is a well-known association between perception of poor physical health and higher rates of physical and psychological morbidity. However, little is known about the possible link between perception of health and suicidality. Aims: The study examines the relationship between perception of poor health and suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among adults in the community. Methods: Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey (n = 5,877), a representative sample of individuals 15–54 years of age in the United States. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between perception of poor health and the likelihood of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Sociodemographic characteristics, comorbid mental disorders, and physical illnesses were adjusted for in the final model. Results: Perception of poor health was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of suicidal ideation (OR = 2.14 (1.36, 3.35) and suicide attempt (OR = 2.03 (1.06, 3.91)), which persisted after adjusting for differences in sociodemographic characteristics, mental disorders, and self-reported physical illnesses. Conclusions: Our findings provide initial evidence that perception of poor health is associated with a significantly increased likelihood of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among adults in the community.

Increased risk of attempted suicide in Australian veterans is associated with total and permanent incapacitation, unemployment and posttraumatic stress disorder severity

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn Kerr ◽  
Madeline Romaniuk ◽  
Sarah McLeay ◽  
Andrew Khoo ◽  
Michael T Dent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: Military veterans have higher rates of suicidality and completed suicides compared to the general population. Previous research has demonstrated suicidal behaviour is higher in US combat veterans who are younger, suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety and score lower on measures of health. However, research on predictors of suicide for Australian veterans is limited. The aim of this study was to identify significant demographic and psychological differences between veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder who had attempted suicide and those with posttraumatic stress disorder who had not, as well as determine predictors of suicide attempts within an Australian cohort. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 229 ex-service personnel diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder who had attended a Military Service Trauma Recovery Day Program as outpatients at Toowong Private Hospital from 2007 to 2014. Patients completed a battery of mental health self-report questionnaires assessing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol use, anger, depression, anxiety and quality of life. Demographic information and self-reported history of suicide attempts were also recorded. Results: Results indicated the average age was significantly lower, and the rates of posttraumatic stress disorder, anger, anxiety and depression symptoms were significantly higher in those veterans with history of a suicide attempt. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity, unemployment or total and permanent incapacity pension status significantly predicted suicide attempt history. Conclusion: Among a cohort of Australian veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder, psychopathology severity, unemployment and total and permanent incapacity status are significantly associated with suicidality. This study highlights the importance of early identification of posttraumatic stress disorder and psychopathology, therapeutic and social engagement, and prioritisation of tangible employment options or meaningful and goal-directed activities for veterans deemed unable to work.

scholarly journals Alcohol Abuse and Suicide Attempt in Iran: A Case-Crossover Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrooz Ghanbari ◽  
Seyed Kazem Malakouti ◽  
Marzieh Nojomi ◽  
Diego De Leo ◽  
Khalid Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Proximal Risk Factor ◽  
Crossover Method

<p>Alcohol use and its disorders are associated with increased risk of suicidal behaviors Research has shown that 6-8% of those who use alcohol have a history of suicide attempt. Given the prohibition of alcohol use legally, the increased alcohol consumption, and the lack of strong evidence in favor of its use associated with suicide in Iran, this study was conducted to determine the link between suicide attempt and alcohol abuse. The case-crossover method was used in this research. Out of 305 referrals to the emergency room due to a suicide attempt, 100 reported drinking alcohol up to six hours before their attempt. Paired Matching and Usual Frequency were employed to analyze the data with STATA 12.0. The probability of attempting suicide up to six hours after drinking alcohol appeared increased by 27 times (95% CI: 8.1-60.4). Separate analysis for each of these hours from the first to the sixth hour after alcohol use was also performed. Fifty percent of attempted suicides happened one hour after alcohol use. Relative risk for the first and second hour was 10% and 5% respectively. Alcohol use is a strong proximal risk factor for attempted suicide among Iranian subjects. Prevention of alcohol use should be considered in setting up of the national Suicide attempt prevention program.<strong></strong></p>

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