Cytogenetic and Molecular Characterization of Three Mimetic Species of the Genus Alagoasa Bechyné 1955 (Coleoptera: Alticinae) from the Neotropical Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-223
Author(s):  
Matheus Azambuja ◽  
Lucas A.M. Rosolen ◽  
Roberto F. Artoni ◽  
Mateus H. Santos ◽  
Mara C. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
Sex Determination System

Coleoptera is a mega-diverse order, but only about 1% of its species have been analyzed cytogenetically. In this order, the subfamily Alticinae presents many identification problems, mainly due to the occurrence of mimicry. The objective of this work was to cytogenetically characterize 3 very similar species of the genus Alagoasa (A. pantina, A.areata, and A.scissa). We used classical and molecular cytogenetic as well as molecular genetic techniques. All 3 species showed a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 22 (20+X+y), but differences in the morphology of the chromosomes. All had a meiotic formula of 2n = 10II+X+y and an X+y sex determination system with giant, fully asynaptic sex chromosomes, concordant characteristics observed in the subtribe Oedionychina. FISH demonstrated the presence of 18S and 5S rDNA clusters in 1 pair of autosomes, syntenic and colocalizing in the 3 analyzed species. However, in A. areata, heteromorphism between the cistrons was observed. The telomeric (TTAGG)n probe showed signals in all 3 species, with proximal signals in the X and dispersed signals in the y chromosome of A. areata, and 2 proximal signals in the X chromosome of A. scissa. Molecular analysis of the COI gene indicated that they are 3 distinct species, corroborating the observed cytogenetic characteristics.

scholarly journals Comparative cytogenetics of Astyanax (Teleostei: Characidae) from the upper Paraguay basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais K. S. S. Teixeira ◽  
Paulo C. Venere ◽  
Daniela C. Ferreira ◽  
Sandra Mariotto ◽  
Jonathan P. Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Mapping ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
Karyotype Morphology ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

ABSTRACT Astyanax is one of the most abundant and diverse taxa of fishes in the Neotropical region. In order to increase the amount of cytogenetic information for Astyanax as well as to exhibit data to subsidize future taxonomic studies, this work analyzed three species of Astyanax: two species are cryptic, and are here reported to live in syntopy (A. abramis and A. lacustris); the first karyotype description for A. pirapuan is also presented. Cytogenetic analyzes reveal a diploid number of 2n=50 chromosomes for three species, yet with differences in their karyotype morphology. The physical mapping of 18S rDNA showed up to thirteen sites in A. pirapuan and two in A. abramis and A. lacustris. The physical mapping of 5S rDNA has proven to be an effective marker for the characterization of species of Astyanax studied in this work.

Characterization of the structure of the prokaryotic complex of Antarctic permafrost by molecular genetic techniques

Microbiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Manucharova ◽  
E. V. Trosheva ◽  
E. M. Kol’tsova ◽  
E. V. Demkina ◽  
E. V. Karaevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Techniques

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of DM1 Patients by a New Diagnostic Certified Assay: Neuromuscular and Cardiac Assessments

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rea Valaperta ◽  
Valeria Sansone ◽  
Fortunata Lombardi ◽  
Chiara Verdelli ◽  
Alessio Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
High Reproducibility ◽  
Pathological Mechanism ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Very High ◽  
Unambiguous Interpretation

The expansion of the specific trinucleotide sequence, [CTG], is the molecular pathological mechanism responsible for the clinical manifestations of DM1. Many studies have described different molecular genetic techniques to detect DM1, but as yet there is no data on the analytical performances of techniques used so far in this disease. We therefore developed and validated a molecular method, “Myotonic Dystrophy SB kit,” to better characterize our DM1 population. 113 patients were examined: 20 DM1-positive, 11 DM1/DM2-negative, and13 DM1-negative/DM2-positive, who had a previous molecular diagnosis, while 69 were new cases. This assay correctly identified 113/113 patients, and all were confirmed by different homemade assays. Comparative analysis revealed that the sensitivity and the specificity of the new kit were very high (>99%). Same results were obtained using several extraction procedures and different concentrations of DNA. The distribution of pathologic alleles showed a prevalence of the “classical” form, while of the 96 nonexpanded alleles 19 different allelic types were observed. Cardiac and neuromuscular parameters were used to clinically characterize our patients and support the new genetic analysis. Our findings suggest that this assay appears to be a very robust and reliable molecular test, showing high reproducibility and giving an unambiguous interpretation of results.

scholarly journals Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of the Dioecious Cannabis sativa with an XY Chromosome Sex Determination System

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e85118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail G. Divashuk ◽  
Oleg S. Alexandrov ◽  
Olga V. Razumova ◽  
Ilya V. Kirov ◽  
Gennady I. Karlov
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
Cytogenetic Characterization ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Sex Determination System

scholarly journals Genetic Approaches to The Study of Oral Microflora: A Review

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis L. Macrina ◽  
Mark T. Dertzbaugh ◽  
Madelon C. Halula ◽  
E. Regis Krah ◽  
Kevin R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cloning ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
Gene Structure And Expression ◽  
Made In

As the study of oral microorganisms intensified almost 2 decades ago, the application of genetic techniques resulted in important contributions to the understanding of this clinically and ecologically important group of bacteria. The isolation and characterization of mutants of cariogenic streptococci helped to focus attention on traits that were important in colonization and virulence. Such classic genetic approaches gave way to molecular genetic techniques, including recombinant DNA methodology in the late 1970s. Gene cloning systems and methods to move DNA into cells have been developed for oral streptococci. Many streptococcal genes thought to be important in colonization and virulence have since been cloned and their nucleotide sequence determined. Mutant strains have been constructed using defective copies of cloned genes in order to create specific genetic lesions on the bacterial chromosome. By testing such mutants in animal models, a picture of the cellular and molecular basis of dental caries is beginning to emerge. These modem genetic methodologies also are being employed to develop novel and efficacious cell-free or whole cell vaccines against this infection. Genetic approaches and analyses are now being used to dissect microorganisms important in periodontal disease as well. Such systems should be able to exploit advances made in genetically manipulating related anaerobes, such as the intestinal Bacteroides. Gene cloning techniques in oral anaerobes, Actinomyces and Actinobacillus, are already beginning to pay dividends in helping understand gene structure and expression. Additional effort is needed to develop facile systems for genetic manipulation of these important groups of microorganisms.

Molecular and morphological characterization ofEchinococcusin cervids from North America

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. A. THOMPSON ◽  
A. C. BOXELL ◽  
B. J. RALSTON ◽  
C. C. CONSTANTINE ◽  
R. P. HOBBS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
The Status ◽  
Genetic Techniques

Many issues concerning the taxonomy ofEchinococcushave been resolved in recent years with the application of molecular tools. However, the status ofEchinococcusmaintained in transmission cycles involving cervid intermediate hosts remains to be determined. The recent characterization of the parasite from cervids in Finland has highlighted the paucity of data available, particularly that from North America. In this study, we have characterized a large number ofEchinococcusisolates from cervids from Western Canada on the basis of morphology and molecular genetic techniques. Our results support earlier studies suggesting thatEchinococcusof cervid origin is phenotypically and genetically distinct toEchinococcusmaintained in domestic host assemblages, and also confirms thatEchinococcusof cervid origin does not constitute a genetically homogeneous group. However, our data do not support the existence of 2 distinct genotypes (strains/subspecies) with separate geographical distributions. Our data appear to support the existence of only 1 species in cervids, but additional isolates from cervids and wolves in other endemic regions should be characterized before a final decision is made on the taxonomic status ofEchinococcusin cervids.

scholarly journals Characterization of the genotype and the phenotype of nontoxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae subsp. lausannense isolated in Russian residents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.Yu. Borisova ◽  
A.V. Chaplin ◽  
N.T. Gadua ◽  
A.S. Pimenova ◽  
I.N. Alexeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
Mlst Type ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
Narg Gene

In 2018, a few sequencing studies were published revealing the existence of two monophyletic clusters within the C. diphtheriae species, meaning that this species can be divided into two subspecies: C. diphtheriae subsp. diphtheriae and C. diphtheriae subsp. lausannense. The objective of our study was to describe the genotype and the phenotype of 2 nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae strains isolated in Russia in 2017–2018, which were classified by us as C. diphtheriae subsp. lausannense based on the aggregated data yielded by a variety of techniques, including microbiological and molecular genetic techniques, as well as a bioinformatic search for subspecies-specific genes in the publicly available genomes of C. diphtheriae. The isolated strains had morphological and biochemical characteristics of C. diphtheriae. The strains were assigned to the MLST type ST199 included in the clonal complex associated with subsp. lausannense. PCR revealed that both analyzed strains of C. diphtheriae subsp. lausannense carried the ptsI gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase and did not carry the narG gene encoding the synthesis of nitrate reductase subunits, whereas the strains of C. diphtheriae subsp. diphtheriae had the narG gene and did not have ptsI. We experimentally proved the ability of lausannense strains to ferment N-acetylglucosamine. Our findings expand the knowledge of the biological diversity of C. diphtheriae and indicate the need for estimating the spread of these microorganisms in Russia, as well as their pathogenic potential.

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