scholarly journals Microbiome and Cervical Cancer

Pathobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Cristina Paula Castanheira ◽  
Mayara Luciana Sallas ◽  
Rafaella Almeida Lima Nunes ◽  
Noely Paula Cristina Lorenzi ◽  
Lara Termini
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Cervical Disease ◽  
Female Genital

Persistent infection with some types of mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological factor for the development of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. Besides, several cofactors are known to play a role in cervical disease onset and progression either by favoring or by preventing HPV infection and persistence. The microbiome of a healthy female genital tract is characterized by the presence of 1 or few varieties of lactobacilli. However, high-throughput studies addressing the bacterial diversity and abundance in the female genital tract have shown that several factors, including hormonal levels, hygiene habits, and sexually transmitted diseases may disrupt the natural balance, favoring the outgrowth of some groups of bacteria, which in turn may favor some pathological states. Recently, the vaginal microbiome has emerged as a new variable that could greatly influence the natural history of HPV infections and their clinical impact. In this context, changes in the vaginal microbiome have been detected in women infected with HPV and women with HPV-associated lesions and cancer. However, the role of specific bacteria groups in the development/progression or prevention/regression of HPV-associated pathologies is not well understood. In this review we summarize the current knowledge concerning changes in vaginal microbiome and cervical disease. We discuss the potential functional interplay between specific bacterial groups and HPV infection outcomes.

Application of Immunohistochemistry to Gynecologic Pathology

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khush Mittal ◽  
Robert Soslow ◽  
W. G. McCluggage
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Review Form ◽  
Conclusive Diagnosis ◽  
Female Genital ◽  
Immunohistochemical Stains

Abstract Context.—A large variety of tumors and lesions arise in the female genital tract. Although the majority of these can be correctly recognized on routine hematoxylin-eosin– stained slides, occasional cases present a diagnostic challenge. Immunohistochemical stains are extremely useful in resolving many of these problematic cases. As the knowledge in this area is constantly expanding, it is useful to have this updated information in a review form for easy access. Objective.—To present our current knowledge of immunohistochemistry of the lesions of the female genital tract in a readily accessible form. Data Sources.—The review is based on previously published articles on this topic. Conclusions.—Immunohistochemical stains help in reaching a conclusive diagnosis in a variety of problematic lesions seen in gynecologic pathology. As in any other system, immunohistochemical findings need to be interpreted in light of the clinical history and morphologic findings.

DNA-ploidy and HPV infection in epithelial lesions of the lower female genital tract

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alejo ◽  
N. Margall ◽  
X. Matias-Guiu ◽  
E. Esteva ◽  
E. Lerma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Dna Ploidy ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Epithelial Lesions ◽  
Female Genital

scholarly journals Malignant Tumors of the Female Genital Tract – a Hospital Based Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
R Joshi ◽  
G Baral ◽  
K Malla
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Corpus Uteri ◽  
Female Genital

Aims: The incidence of cancer and the cancer related deaths are increasing worldwide. There is limited data regarding  gynecological cancers in Nepal. This study is conducted to analyze the trends of female genital tract malignancies in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital (PMWH) and compare it with the national/international data.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Pathology in PMWH.  All female diagnosed with the genital tract malignancies from July 2013 to July 2015 were included in the study.Results: Among 62 cases, cervical cancer was the commonest (71%) followed by ovarian cancer (14%), endometrial cancer (8%) and choriocarcinoma (3%). Majority of women belonged to 50-59 years for each type of tumors. Four-fifth of endometrial, half of the cervical and one-third of ovarian cancers were among grand-multipara. Sixty nine percent of women received treatment with 22 (9 cervical, 9 ovarian, 3 endometrial and one of corpus uteri)  surgical and 21 primary chemo/radiotherapy but 19 (31%) were lost for follow-up. Squamous type of cervical cancer was the commonest (93%).Conclusions: Cervical cancer was the commonest genital tract malignancy followed by ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and choriocarcinoma. For each type of tumors, 50-59 years was the common age group and grand multiparity was seen in half of the women with the cervical cancer. Squamous type of cervical cancer was the commonest variety.  

scholarly journals The Endometrial Microbiome and Its Impact on Human Conception

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Bruno Toson ◽  
Carlos Simon ◽  
Inmaculada Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Review Current ◽  
Female Genital

Changes in the female genital tract microbiome are consistently correlated to gynecological and obstetrical pathologies, and tract dysbiosis can impact reproductive outcomes during fertility treatment. Nonetheless, a consensus regarding the physiological microbiome core inside the uterine cavity has not been reached due to a myriad of study limitations, such as sample size and experimental design variations, and the influence of endometrial bacterial communities on human reproduction remains debated. Understanding the healthy endometrial microbiota and how changes in its composition affect fertility would potentially allow personalized treatment through microbiome management during assisted reproductive therapies, ultimately leading to improvement of clinical outcomes. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the uterine microbiota and how it relates to human conception.

scholarly journals Vaginal microbiome-hormonal contraceptive interactions associate with the mucosal proteome and HIV acquisition

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e1009097
Author(s):  
Laura Noël-Romas ◽  
Michelle Perner ◽  
Refilwe Molatlhegi ◽  
Christina Farr Zuend ◽  
Amanda Mabhula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Hiv Susceptibility ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Risk Of Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Microbiome Data ◽  
Female Genital

Alterations to the mucosal environment of the female genital tract, such as genital inflammation, have been associated with increased HIV acquisition in women. As the microbiome and hormonal contraceptives can affect vaginal mucosal immunity, we hypothesized these components may interact in the context of HIV susceptibility. Using previously published microbiome data from 685 women in the CAPRISA-004 trial, we compared relative risk of HIV acquisition in this cohort who were using injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN), and combined oral contraceptives (COC). In women who were Lactobacillus-dominant, HIV acquisition was 3-fold higher in women using DMPA relative to women using NET-EN or COC (OR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.24–11.24, P = 0.0305). This was not observed in non-Lactobacillus-dominant women (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.44–2.15, P = 0.895) (interaction P = 0.0686). Higher serum MPA levels associated with increased molecular pathways of inflammation in the vaginal mucosal fluid of Lactobacillus-dominant women, but no differences were seen in non-Lactobacillus dominant women. This study provides data suggesting an interaction between the microbiome, hormonal contraceptives, and HIV susceptibility.

A comparison of sperm and embryo transport in the female reproductive tract of marsupial and eutherian mammals

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Taggart
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Embryo Transport ◽  
Female Genital

A review on current knowledge of sperm and embryo transport in the female reproductive tract of marsupials. Some of the unique features of gamete structure-function and female genital tract morphology will be described and compared with data available on eutherian mammals.

Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) Consensus Review for Mullerian Adenosarcoma of the Female Genital Tract

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (Supp 3) ◽  
pp. S78-S82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Leonard Friedlander ◽  
Alan Covens ◽  
Rosalind M. Glasspool ◽  
Felix Hilpert ◽  
Gunnar Kristensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Stromal Sarcoma ◽  
Female Genital

Mullerian adenosarcomas of the female genital tract are rare malignancies, originally described in the uterus, the most common site of origin, but they may also arise in extrauterine locations. Uterine adenosarcomas make up 5% of uterine sarcomas and tend to occur in postmenopausal women. They are usually low-grade tumors and are characterized by a benign epithelial component with a malignant mesenchymal component, which is typically a low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma but can also be a high-grade sarcoma. Tumors that exhibit a high-grade sarcomatous overgrowth have a worse outcome. Adenosarcomas have been described as being midway along the spectrum between benign adenofibromas and carcinosarcomas. They generally have a good prognosis with the exception of deeply invasive tumors or those with high-grade sarcomatous overgrowth. Extrauterine adenosarcomas also have a higher risk for recurrence. In view of their rarity, there have not been any clinical trials in mullerian adenosarcomas and relatively little research. This article reviews the current knowledge and provides recommendation for the management of mullerian adenosarcomas.

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