scholarly journals The Endometrial Microbiome and Its Impact on Human Conception

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Bruno Toson ◽  
Carlos Simon ◽  
Inmaculada Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Review Current ◽  
Female Genital

Changes in the female genital tract microbiome are consistently correlated to gynecological and obstetrical pathologies, and tract dysbiosis can impact reproductive outcomes during fertility treatment. Nonetheless, a consensus regarding the physiological microbiome core inside the uterine cavity has not been reached due to a myriad of study limitations, such as sample size and experimental design variations, and the influence of endometrial bacterial communities on human reproduction remains debated. Understanding the healthy endometrial microbiota and how changes in its composition affect fertility would potentially allow personalized treatment through microbiome management during assisted reproductive therapies, ultimately leading to improvement of clinical outcomes. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the uterine microbiota and how it relates to human conception.

scholarly journals Vaginal, Cervical and Uterine pH in Women with Normal and Abnormal Vaginal Microbiota

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Malene Risager Lykke ◽  
Naja Becher ◽  
Thor Haahr ◽  
Ebbe Boedtkjer ◽  
Jørgen Skov Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Female Genital

Introduction: Healthy women of reproductive age have a vaginal pH around 4.5, whereas little is known about pH in the upper genital tract. A shift in the vaginal microbiota may result in an elevated pH in the upper genital tract. This might contribute to decreased fertility and increased risk of preterm birth. Therefore, we aimed to measure pH in different compartments of the female genital tract in both nonpregnant and pregnant women, stratifying into a normal and abnormal vaginal microbiota. Material and methods: In this descriptive study, we included 6 nonpregnant, 12 early-pregnant, and 8 term-pregnant women. A pH gradient was recorded with a flexible pH probe. An abnormal vaginal microbiota was diagnosed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique for Atopobium vaginae; Sneathia sanguinegens; Leptotrichia amnionii; bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 1, 2, 3, and TM7; and Prevotella spp. among others. Results: In all participants we found the pH gradient in the lower reproductive canal to be most acidic in the lower vagina and most alkaline in the upper uterine cavity. Women with an abnormal vaginal microbiota had an increased pH in the lower vagina compared to the other groups. Conclusions: There is a pronounced pH gradient within the female genital tract. This gradient is not disrupted in women with an abnormal vaginal microbiota.

scholarly journals Microbiome and Cervical Cancer

Pathobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Cristina Paula Castanheira ◽  
Mayara Luciana Sallas ◽  
Rafaella Almeida Lima Nunes ◽  
Noely Paula Cristina Lorenzi ◽  
Lara Termini
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Cervical Disease ◽  
Female Genital

Persistent infection with some types of mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological factor for the development of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. Besides, several cofactors are known to play a role in cervical disease onset and progression either by favoring or by preventing HPV infection and persistence. The microbiome of a healthy female genital tract is characterized by the presence of 1 or few varieties of lactobacilli. However, high-throughput studies addressing the bacterial diversity and abundance in the female genital tract have shown that several factors, including hormonal levels, hygiene habits, and sexually transmitted diseases may disrupt the natural balance, favoring the outgrowth of some groups of bacteria, which in turn may favor some pathological states. Recently, the vaginal microbiome has emerged as a new variable that could greatly influence the natural history of HPV infections and their clinical impact. In this context, changes in the vaginal microbiome have been detected in women infected with HPV and women with HPV-associated lesions and cancer. However, the role of specific bacteria groups in the development/progression or prevention/regression of HPV-associated pathologies is not well understood. In this review we summarize the current knowledge concerning changes in vaginal microbiome and cervical disease. We discuss the potential functional interplay between specific bacterial groups and HPV infection outcomes.

Application of Immunohistochemistry to Gynecologic Pathology

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khush Mittal ◽  
Robert Soslow ◽  
W. G. McCluggage
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Review Form ◽  
Conclusive Diagnosis ◽  
Female Genital ◽  
Immunohistochemical Stains

Abstract Context.—A large variety of tumors and lesions arise in the female genital tract. Although the majority of these can be correctly recognized on routine hematoxylin-eosin– stained slides, occasional cases present a diagnostic challenge. Immunohistochemical stains are extremely useful in resolving many of these problematic cases. As the knowledge in this area is constantly expanding, it is useful to have this updated information in a review form for easy access. Objective.—To present our current knowledge of immunohistochemistry of the lesions of the female genital tract in a readily accessible form. Data Sources.—The review is based on previously published articles on this topic. Conclusions.—Immunohistochemical stains help in reaching a conclusive diagnosis in a variety of problematic lesions seen in gynecologic pathology. As in any other system, immunohistochemical findings need to be interpreted in light of the clinical history and morphologic findings.

A comparison of sperm and embryo transport in the female reproductive tract of marsupial and eutherian mammals

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Taggart
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Embryo Transport ◽  
Female Genital

A review on current knowledge of sperm and embryo transport in the female reproductive tract of marsupials. Some of the unique features of gamete structure-function and female genital tract morphology will be described and compared with data available on eutherian mammals.

Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) Consensus Review for Mullerian Adenosarcoma of the Female Genital Tract

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (Supp 3) ◽  
pp. S78-S82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Leonard Friedlander ◽  
Alan Covens ◽  
Rosalind M. Glasspool ◽  
Felix Hilpert ◽  
Gunnar Kristensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Stromal Sarcoma ◽  
Female Genital

Mullerian adenosarcomas of the female genital tract are rare malignancies, originally described in the uterus, the most common site of origin, but they may also arise in extrauterine locations. Uterine adenosarcomas make up 5% of uterine sarcomas and tend to occur in postmenopausal women. They are usually low-grade tumors and are characterized by a benign epithelial component with a malignant mesenchymal component, which is typically a low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma but can also be a high-grade sarcoma. Tumors that exhibit a high-grade sarcomatous overgrowth have a worse outcome. Adenosarcomas have been described as being midway along the spectrum between benign adenofibromas and carcinosarcomas. They generally have a good prognosis with the exception of deeply invasive tumors or those with high-grade sarcomatous overgrowth. Extrauterine adenosarcomas also have a higher risk for recurrence. In view of their rarity, there have not been any clinical trials in mullerian adenosarcomas and relatively little research. This article reviews the current knowledge and provides recommendation for the management of mullerian adenosarcomas.

scholarly journals Hysterosalpingography (HSG), hysteroscopy and laparoscopic evaluation of female genital tract of patient attending tertiary infertility centre and correlation of various modalities

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1597
Author(s):  
G. D. Maiti ◽  
Prasad Lele
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Neonatal Resuscitation ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Infertile Couple ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Tubal Factor ◽  
Diagnostic Hysteroscopy ◽  
Female Genital

Background: Hysterosalpingogarphy (HSG) has traditionally been the first line of investigation anatomy and contour of uterine cavity along with fallopian tube and its patency. Because of limitations of HSG, video endoscopic evaluation of endometrial and peritoneal cavity by diagnostic hysteroscopy and laparoscopy can diagnose many subtle and obvious pathologies in evaluation of infertile couple. To know this difference author studied the efficacy of HSG along with diagnostic laparohysteroscopy.Methods: HSG, Diagnostic Hysteroscopy and Laparoscopy were performed on a group of 50 Patient of primary and secondary infertility. Findings of HSG, Hysteroscopy and Laparoscopy were computed, analyzed and corelated.Results: HSG showed a false positive rate of 25% for tubal factor and false negative 12% for uterine factors when compared with hysteroscopic and laparoscopic findings. The sensitivity of HSG was 75% and specificity was 88 % when compared with Hysteroscopic and Laparoscopic findings. Among various abnormality detected during the present study were, congenital anomaly 7(14%), Asherman syndrome 5 (10%), Tubal factor defect 6(12%), fibroid 3(6%) and Pelvi-inflammatory disease in 7(14%) of cases.Conclusions: This study showed UA-S/D ratio and UA-RI >2SD are significant predictors of perinatal deaths and immediate neonatal resuscitation in preeclampsia. Acute fetal distress in labour or neonatal nursery admission could not be predicted. Though HSG is a simple procedure for detecting abnormality of female genital tract, due to its low specificity and sensitivity hysterolaparoscopy should be complemented during infertility work up in all patient.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Characterization of Microbial Community in the Female Genital Tract of Reproductive-Aged Women in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningxia Sun ◽  
Haixia Ding ◽  
Hongjing Yu ◽  
Yixuan Ji ◽  
Xiuyue Xifang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Neurotrophin Signaling ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women ◽  
Infertile Patients ◽  
Female Genital

The microbiota in the human body play critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes. However, the diversity and dynamics of the female genital tract (FGT) microbiota have not been fully unveiled. In this study, we characterized the microbiome variations in reproductive-aged Chinese women, and we revealed that the cervicovaginal microbiota were dominated by Lactobacillus. Overall, the composition of microbiota in the uterine cavity was more diverse than that in the vagina and cervix. A positive correlation between Lactobacillus iners and Lactobacillus crispatus was observed in both the vagina and the cervix, suggesting that these two species might have a symbiotic relationship in the cervicovaginal microbiota. Moreover, we, for the first time, stratified the reproductive-aged Chinese women into subgroups, based on their microbiome profiles. Furthermore, we identified the bacteria whose abundance changed in the uterine cavity of infertile patients when compared with healthy controls, such as L. iners and L. crispatus. Functionally, the metabolism-related pathways, neurotrophin signaling pathway, and adipocytokine signaling pathway were predominantly dysregulated in the uterine cavity of infertile patients. In conclusion, we characterized a comprehensive microbial landscape in FGT, as well as their functional roles in female infertility of the Chinese population.

scholarly journals Streptococcus agalactiae causing pyometra in an elderly female with cervical cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 891-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Gupta ◽  
Anupam Das ◽  
Prakash S Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Elderly Female ◽  
Ascending Infection ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Female Genital

Streptococcus agalactiae is an important cause of invasive infections in neonates and is emerging as an important pathogen in elderly females. S. agalactiae is a commensal organism of the female genital tract; however, isolation from the uterine cavity suggests ascending infection of this organism caused by occlusion of the uterine cavity. We report a case of S. agalactiae causing pyometra in an elderly female with cervical cancer.

SPECIFIC SECRETORY PROTEIN OF THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. S404-S425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning M. Beier ◽  
Karin Beier-Hellwig
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Secretory Protein ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
Tract Secretion ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Female Genital

ABSTRACT Investigations on the biochemical composition of genital tract secretions during oestrus and early reproductive stages reveal a spectrum of different substrate and time specific patterns, particularly of secretory proteins. Results are presented on the biochemistry, immunological specificity, and endocrinological regulation of rabbit female genital tract secretion proteins. Special attention is drawn upon uteroglobin, which is one of the genital tract specific proteins presumably involved in preimplantational blastocyst development. Since analytical data on rabbit genital tract secretion proteins accumulate, there is consequently a necessity for an approach to comparable studies in the human uterus. Discelectrophoretical patterns and immunochemical test results are presented in this paper which encourage further studies on human genital tract specific proteins with regard to human reproduction, particularly with its contraceptive and fertility problems.

scholarly journals Bacterial Colonization of the Female Upper Genital Tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Peric ◽  
Jürgen Weiss ◽  
Nicolas Vulliemoz ◽  
David Baud ◽  
Milos Stojanov
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Female Genital

Bacteria colonize most of the human body, and the female genital tract is not an exception. While the existence of a vaginal microbiota has been well established, the upper genital tract has been considered a sterile environment, with a general assumption that bacterial presence is associated with adverse clinical manifestation. However, recent metagenomic studies identified specific patterns of microbiota colonizing the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and placenta. These results need confirmation and further investigations since the data are only scarce. Bacterial colonization of these sites appears different from the vaginal one, despite evidence that vaginal bacteria could ascend to the upper genital tract through the cervix. Are these bacteria only commensal or do they play a role in the physiology of the female upper genital tract? Which are the genera that may have a negative and a positive impact on the female reproductive function? The aim of this review is to critically present all available data on upper genital tract microbiota and discuss its role in human reproduction, ranging from the technical aspects of these types of analyses to the description of specific bacterial genera. Although still very limited, research focusing on genital colonization of bacteria other than the vaginal milieu might bring novel insights into physiopathology of human reproduction.

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