Responsiveness of subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, and muscle anatomical cross-sectional area of the thigh to longitudinal body weight loss and gain – Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI)

Obesity is a potent risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA) that is driven by mechanical and potentially endocrine mechanisms, and it affects women more frequently than men. The infrapatellar fat pat (IPFP) represents a potential link between obesity, intra-articular inflammation and structural pathology. Here we investigate whether the IPFP is responsive to body weight loss/gain in women and how its responsiveness to weight change compares to that of subcutaneous fat (SCF) of the thigh. All female participants of the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) with ≥10% weight loss/gain between baseline and a 2-year follow-up were included. Within-subject changes in IPFP volume and SCF cross-sectional areas (CSA) were determined from 3-T magnetic resonance imaging. Linear regression was used to assess the association between change in weight, IPFP volume, and SCF CSA. In the 38 participants with ≥10% weight loss over 2 years (age 59.3 ± 9.1 years, mean loss = 15.9%), there was a significant reduction in IPFP volume (-2.2%, p = 0.02) as well as in SCF CSA (-22%, p < 0.001). In the 34 participants with ≥10% gain (age 61.5 ± 8.7 years, mean gain = 15.9%), there was a significant increase in SCF CSA (+26%, p < 0.001) but not in IPFP volume (0.2%, p = 0.87). Weight change was significantly associated with SCF CSA change (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) but not with IPFP volume change (r = 0.11, p = 0.37). In this first longitudinal, observational study investigating the responsiveness of IPFP and SCF to weight change, IPFP morphology was found responsive to weight loss but not to weight gain. Overall, the responsiveness of the IPFP was substantially less than that of the SCF.

Download Full-text

Early life undernutrition in rats

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19820053 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 417-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

K. S. Bedi ◽

A. R. Birzgalis ◽

M. Mahon ◽

J. L. Smart ◽

A. C. Wareham

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Relative Frequency ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Fibre Types ◽

Male Rats ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Muscle Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Volume Proportion ◽

Fibre Number

1. Male rats were undernourished either during the geslational and suckling periods or for a period of time immediately following weaning. Some rats were killed at the end of the period of undernutrition; others were nutritionally rehabilitated for lengthy periods of time before examination. Two muscles, the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) were studied from each rat. Histochemically-stained transverse sections of these muscles were used to determine total number of fibres, the fibre cross-sectional areas and the relative frequency of the various fibre types.2. All rats killed immediately following undernutrition showed significant deficit sin body-weight, muscle weight and fibre cross-sectional area compared to age-matched controls.3. Animals undernourished during gestation and suckling and then fed normally for 5 months showed persistent and significant deficits in body-weight, muscle weight and total fibre number. There were also significant deficits in mean fibre cross-sectional area of each fibre type except for red fibres in the EDL. No difference in the volume proportion of connective tissue was found.4. Rats undernourished after weaning and then fed ad lib. for approximately 7 months had normal body-and muscle weights. Their muscles showed no significant differences in total fibre number, relative frequency of the various fibre types, fibre size or volume proportion of connective lissue.5. These results indicate that, although the effects on rat skeletal muscle of a period of undernutrition after weaning can be rectified, undernutrition before weaning causes lasting deficits.

Download Full-text

Could TDX-1 explain the changes observed in endocrine pancreas due to chronic cola drink consumption in rats? A global point of view

10.1101/2020.11.20.391060 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriel Cao ◽

Julián González ◽

Juan P. Ortiz Fragola ◽

Angélica Muller ◽

Mariano Tumarkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Islet Cells ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

The Other ◽

Cell Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Β Cells ◽

Β Cell ◽

Cross Sectional

AbstractIn previous studies, we reported evidence showing that chronic cola consumption in rats impairs pancreatic metabolism of insulin and glucagon and produces some alterations typically observed in the metabolic syndrome (i.e, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia) with an increase in oxidative stress. Of note, no apoptosis nor proliferation of islet cells could be demonstrated. In the present study, 36 male Wistar rats were divided in three groups to freely drink regular cola, light cola, or water (controls). We assessed the impact of the three different beverages in glucose tolerance, lipid levels, creatinine levels and immunohistochemical changes addressed for the expression of insulin, glucagon, PDX-1 and NGN3 in islet cells, to evaluate the possible participation of PDX-1 in the changes observed in α and β cells after 6 months of treatment. On the other hand, we assessed by stereological methods, the mean volume of islets (Vi) and three important variables, the fractional β-cell area, the cross-sectional area of alpha (A α-cell) and beta cells (A β-cell), and the number of β and α cell per body weight.Cola drinking caused impaired glucose tolerance as well as fasting hyperglycemia and increase of insulin immunolabeling. Immunohistochemical expression for PDX-1 was significantly high in regular cola consumption group compared to control. In this case, we observed cytoplasmatic and nuclear localization. Likewise, a mild but significant decrease of Vi was detected after 6 months of cola drink consumption compared with control group. Also, we observed a significant decrease of fractional β cell area compared with control rats. Accordingly, a reduced mean value of islet α and β cell number per body weight compared to control was detected. Interestingly, consumption of light cola increased the Vi compared to control. In line with this, a decreased cross-sectional area of β-cells was observed after chronic consumption of both, regular and light cola, compared to controls. On the other hand, NGN3 was negative in all three groups. Our results support for the first time, the idea that TDX-1 plays a key role in the dynamics of the pancreatic islets after chronic consumption of sweetened beverages. The loss of islets cells might be attributed to autophagy, favored by the local metabolic conditions.

Download Full-text

Body weight loss and associated factors among adults People living with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy in Shashemane referral Hospital, Oromia national regional state, Ethiopia: A facility based cross sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-19670/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dedefo Bati Bedassa ◽

Tsegaye Demissie Gamebo ◽

Dereje Yohannes Teferi

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Nutrition ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: HIV/AIDS and under nutrition commonly manifested as body weight loss are both highly prevalent in many parts of the world. Their effects are interrelated and act in a vicious cycle. Both HIV and under nutrition can independently cause progressive damage to the immune system and increased susceptibility to infection. Ethiopia is one of the countries affected by both epidemics, despite, study done on acute under nutrition among HIV/AIDS adults in particular were found inadequate. Thus the main aim of this study is to assess the magnitude of acute under nutrition (weight loss within 3 months) and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS adults on ART in Shashemane referral Hospital. Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study conducted in shashemane referral Hospital Oromia region, Ethiopia from August 3 to September 4.2016. Systematic random sampling technique employed and 402 study participants were included. Data was collected by interview patients using pre-tested structured questionnaire, review of patients register, weight and height measurements were taken. The data were entered into Epi Info version 3.5.1 and analyzed using version 20 SPSS statistical package and percentages of body weight loss were calculated. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with body weight loss of > 5% within three months. Strength of association determined using P< 0.05 and odd ratio (95% CI). Result: The magnitude body weight loss > 5% were 15.9% (95% CI; 12.4-19.7). Low CD4 level of less than 200mm3/ml (AOR=8.41,95% CI:3.46-20.44), inability to consume high protein diets like meat, egg & fish per week (AOR=2.97, 95% CI;1.39-6.35), low meal frequency of 2 or less per day (AOR=3.09,95% CI: 1.25-7.68) and low average income of 1000 birr per month (AOR=9.07,95% CI: 3.71-22.14) were significantly associated with Body weight loss of > 5% within 3 months with P<0.05. Conclusion: Body weight loss >5% within 3 months(acute under nutrition) is still a problem in people living with HIV/AIDS adults on ART, specifically among advanced immune compromised, low income, consumes less meal frequently per day and fewer or no consumption of animal product.

Download Full-text

The development of the testis, epididymis, and penis in the young Merino ram

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9560574 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 574 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

RH Watson ◽

CS Sapsford ◽

I McCance

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Relative Increase ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Seminiferous Tubules ◽

Lower Body ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Body Weight ◽

Histological Characteristics ◽

Rates Of Growth

Observations were made on 110 Merino rams aged between 1 and 64 weeks. They comprised four groups, the animals of which experienced different rates of growth. The weight of the testes a t any one age varied widely. It was closely related to body weight. This relation was similar in all groups. As body weight increased from 23 to 27 kg, the relative increase in the weight of the testes was much greater than that a t higher or lower body weight. The general histological characteristics of the testes were closely related to their weight, and, like it, to body weight. The tubules were present as solid or but slightly vacuolated cords in all animals which weighed less than 21 kg. Spermatozoa were not seen in the lumen of the tubules in any animal which weighed less than 27 kg, and they were present in all but three of those which weighed more than 28 kg. The relative cross-sectional area of the seminiferous tubules increased directly with the relative increase in the weight of the testes until the testes weighed at least 300 g. The weight of the epididymides was more closely related to the weight of the testes than to age or body weight. Its relation to the weight of the testes varied in the different groups. Irrespective of the age a t which the particular body weight was attained, little separation of the prepuce from the penis had occurred in animals which were lighter than 18 kg, and separation was more or less complete in most animals which were heavier than 27 kg.

Download Full-text

Effects of prolonged undernutrition on structure and function of the diaphragm

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1985.58.4.1354 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 1354-1359 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

S. G. Kelsen ◽

M. Ference ◽

S. Kapoor

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Isometric Force ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Diaphragm Muscle ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Muscle Structure ◽

The Cross

The present study examined the effect of prolonged undernutrition on diaphragmatic structure and force-generating ability. Studies were performed on 58 Syrian hamsters in which the feed was reduced by 33% for a 4-wk period. Sixty animals fed a similar diet ad libitum served as controls. Diaphragm muscle structure was assessed from its mass (wet and dry weight), thickness, fiber composition, and fiber size. Isometric force produced in vitro by isolated muscle strips in response to electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve was examined over a range of muscle lengths (length-tension relationship). In undernourished animals, body weight decreased 25 +/- 5%. Diaphragm wet and dry weight, muscle thickness, and the cross-sectional area of fast-glycolytic (FG) and fast-oxidative (FO) fibers were significantly less in undernourished than control animals and correlated with reductions in body weight. The cross-sectional area of slow-oxidative (SO) fibers was the same in the two groups. The percentage of FG fibers in undernourished animals was decreased slightly and the percentage of SO fibers increased. Maximum isometric tension was reduced in undernourished animals as compared with controls, but the position and shape of the length-tension relationship was the same in the two groups. Reductions in muscle force appeared to be explained by decreases in muscle mass, since tension corrected for cross-sectional area or tissue weight was the same in the two groups. Therefore muscle mechanical efficiency appeared to be unaffected by undernutrition. These data indicate that prolonged undernutrition causes deleterious changes in diaphragm muscle structure that impair its ability to generate force.

Download Full-text

Effects of weight loss in ewes in early pregnancy on muscles and meat quality of lambs

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859698006133 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 132 (1) ◽

pp. 103-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

D. I. KRAUSGRILL ◽

N. M. TULLOH ◽

W. R. SHORTHOSE ◽

K. SHARPE

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Control Group ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Muscle Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Crown Rump Length ◽

The Cross

Three successive experiments, of similar design, were carried out during 1986–88 at Mount Derrimut, Australia. Mature Merino ewes were mated to Poll Dorset rams and then allocated to either a control group (C) or a treatment group (R). Ewes from each treatment were slaughtered 60, 70, 100 or 140 days post-conception and the development of their foetuses was compared in terms of body size and muscle characteristics. In Expts 1 and 2, some ewes were allowed to lamb and the progeny in each group were slaughtered after reaching a body weight of 35 kg, for comparison of growth rates, muscle characteristics and meat quality.In each experiment, treatment extended from mating to day 70 of pregnancy and, during this period, both groups were housed. Ewes in group C were kept as one group and fed ad libitum and ewes in group R were individually penned and fed a restricted ration of the same diet as that given to group C in order to achieve a steady loss of body weight. In Expt 1, this loss was 8 kg but, in Expts 2 and 3, feed intake was controlled according to condition score and, during this period, group R ewes lost 25–35% of their body weight at mating. After day 70, all ewes were kept grazing and were offered supplementary feed at rates sufficient for a steady increase in ewe body weights.Foetuses in group R were lower in body weight (P<0·05), crown-rump length (P<0·05) and girth (P<0·01). However, birth weights and mean ages of the 35 kg lambs at slaughter did not differ significantly between treatments.There were no significant differences between treatments for the semitendinosus (ST) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles in total muscle weight, DNA content, protein content, nor in the ratios of muscle weight[ratio ]DNA and protein[ratio ]DNA. However, there were significant differences between experiments, which indicated that cell size in the ST and SM muscles was lower in Expt 2 than in Expt 1.In day 70 foetuses, the cross-sectional area of α fibres was greater (P<0·05) in group R than in group C but by day 140 the difference was no longer significant. At day 70, there was also a positive correlation (r=0·65, P<0·01) between the cross-sectional area of β fibres and the number of α fibres surrounding each of them. There were no significant differences between treatments at any age in the percentages of βR, αR and αW fibres.Meat from group R lambs was more tender than that from group C lambs as indicated by significantly lower means in the SM muscle for adhesion (P<0·01) and Warner–Bratzler Peak Force (WB PF) measurements (P<0·05).Although some effects of nutritional restriction were found, severe feed shortage in early pregnancy in sheep is unlikely to have significant effects on the production of prime lamb meat provided that adequate nutrition is available during late pregnancy and post-natal growth.

Download Full-text

Biometry by ultrasonography of the epaxial and pelvic musculature in equines trained with Pessoa's rein

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20130604 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (11) ◽

pp. 2045-2051

Author(s):

Kátia de Oliveira ◽

Ricardo Velludo Gomes de Soutello ◽

Ricardo da Fonseca ◽

Andréa Machado Lopes ◽

Paulo César da Silva Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Gluteus Medius ◽

Biceps Femoris ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Longissimus Dorsi ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Quarter Horse ◽

Before And After ◽

Muscular Function

This study aimed to evaluate the use of Pessoa's rein in training equine, as a support in exercise training, on biometry by ultrasonography of the epaxial (Longíssimus Dorsi, Gluteus Medius e Musculus Multifidus) and pelvic musculature (Biceps Femoris e Semitendinosus). Thereby, eight Quarter Horse mares was used, with eight years on average age, 400kg of body weight, trained with the Pessoa's rein twice a week, for two months. Variables were measured before and after training, consisting of assessment thickness (cm) of the Longíssimus Dorsi and cross-sectional area (cm2) of muscles, Gluteus Medius, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus and Musculus Multifidus. It observed a significant effect of training with Pessoa's rein, on the Biceps Femoris (P<0.01) and Musculus Multifidus (P<0.01), which the average cross-sectional area at the final evaluation were of 28.66cm2 and 14.29cm2, respectively. Thus it can be conclude that training with Pessoa's rein modifies muscular function, promoting hypertrophy Musculus Multifidus and Biceps Femoris of horses

Download Full-text

The effect of selection for altered body weight on the ultrastructural components of skeletal muscle fibres

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800001284 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 223-227

Author(s):

A. C. B. Hooper ◽

M. P. Hurley

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Biceps Brachii ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Microscopic Studies ◽

Selection For

ABSTRACTUltrastructural parameters of muscle growth were measured in lines of mice which had undergone 15 generations of selection for high and low body weight. Previous light microscopic studies of these lines had shown that selection for altered body weight evokes correlated responses in the weight of skeletal muscles as a result of changes in both the number and the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the fibres.The length of the myosin filaments and of the actin filaments (including the Z disc) did not differ significantly from the controls in the mm. sternomastoideus, biceps brachii and tibialis anterior of mature male mice from the two selection lines. The mean cross-sectional area of the myofibrils of the mm. sternomastoideus and biceps brachii were also unaltered by selection for high and low body weight. Changes in the area of the fibres were brought about by increases and decreases in the number of their constituent myofibrils and corresponding changes in the non-contractile elements.Selection for high and low body weight did not affect the dimensions of the contractile elements of the muscle fibres. The genetically determined alterations in the length and cross-sectional area of the fibres were due to changes in the number of their constituent sarcomeres and myofibrils. These changes are similar to those which occur during growth.

Download Full-text

Correction with thiocetam of lead nanoparticles influence on morpho-functional status of rat liver

Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences ◽

10.2478/cipms-2020-0027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 149-154

Author(s):

Sergii Omelchuk ◽

Vasyl Aleksiichuk ◽

Yuri Chaikovsky ◽

Liudmyla Sokurenko

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relative Liver Weight ◽

The Mean ◽

Pharmacological Correction ◽

The Cross

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of Thiocetam on morphological changes in the liver of rats and on biochemical changes in their blood after exposure to lead nanoparticles and compounds. The liver is an organ that performs a number of functions, such as the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, plasma components and the neutralization of toxins. It is involved in many metabolic processes in the body.In undertaking this, colloidal solutions of lead sulphide nanoparticles at dosages 10 nm and 30 nm were injected into two groups of rats, PbSnano1 and PbSnano2, respectively, while group Pb(NO3) received subcutaneously a solution of lead nitrate in ion form in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg (0.94 mg/kg lead, in lead equivalent). After 60 administrations (12 weeks) of the studied substances, the exposure was discontinued and the animals were observed for 18 weeks. Subsequently, half of each group received Thiocetam by injection (for 6 weeks at a dose of 250 mg/kg) while the other half did not. We then assessed the mean body weight, absolute and relative liver weight, blood biochemistry values (total protein, albumin, glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides levels in blood serum) and morphological changes in hepatocytes (morphological slides, nuclei cross-sectional area and cytoplasm cross-sectional area).The outcome of this work showed that the mean body weight of animals exposed to nanoparticles with Tiocetam did not differ from that of animals exposed to nanoparticles without pharmacological correction, but relative liver weight was statistically significantly higher than the corresponding values in rats without pharmacological correction. The morphological picture in all study group animals was characterized by the normalization of microvessel blood filling, structure of hepatic plates, disappearance of infiltration with lymphocytes and histiocytes. No dystrophic changes in hepatocytes were found. All this indicates the feasibility of preventive measures during exposure to lead nanoparticles, by administering Thiocetam.In both series of animals exposed to lead nanoparticles (PbSnano1 and PbSnano2), the cross-sectional area of the hepatocytes cytoplasm and the cross-sectional area of the hepatocytes nuclei were smaller than just after exposure, but in the series with Thiocetam adminstration, all the values did not differ from those in the control.

Download Full-text