Characteristics of Mineral Oil-based Nanofluids for Power Transformer Application

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Zakaria ◽  
M. H. Ahmad ◽  
Y. Z. Arief ◽  
N. A. Awang ◽  
N .A. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical Changes

Trends in the field of nanomaterial-based transformer oil show most of the conducted works have focused only on the transformer oil-based nanofluids but limited studies on the stability of transformer oil-based nanofluids. Since mineral oil-based nanofluids still can produce the sedimentation, thus the cold-atmospheric pressure plasma method is proposed to functionally modify the Silicon Dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) nanofiller in order to enhance the electrical properties of the mineral oil-based nanofluids. The AC breakdown strength oil samples before and after modification were measured. It was found that the plasma treated nanofluids have higher AC breakdown voltage compared to pure oil and untreated nanofluids. Also, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy has been used in this study to analyse the physical changes of oil samples. It is envisaged that the added silica nanofiller has significant effect on electrical properties of the transformer oil-based nanofluids which would enable to the development of an improved class of liquid dielectric for the application of power transformer.

scholarly journals Effects of Plasma Treated Alumina Nanoparticles on Breakdown Strength, Partial Discharge Resistance, and Thermophysical Properties of Mineral Oil-Based Nanofluids

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3610
Author(s):  
Norhafezaidi Mat Saman ◽  
Izzah Hazirah Zakaria ◽  
Mohd Hafizi Ahmad ◽  
Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Partial Discharge ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Alumina Nanoparticles ◽  
Discharge Characteristics ◽  
Nano Alumina

Mineral oil has been chosen as an insulating liquid in power transformers due to its superior characteristics, such as being an effective insulation medium and a great cooling agent. Meanwhile, the performance of mineral oil as an insulation liquid can be further enhanced by dispersing nanoparticles into the mineral oil, and this composition is called nanofluids. However, the incorporation of nanoparticles into the mineral oil conventionally causes the nanoparticles to agglomerate and settle as sediment in the base fluid, thereby limiting the improvement of the insulation properties. In addition, limited studies have been reported for the transformer oil as a base fluid using Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) as nanoparticles. Hence, this paper reported an experimental study to investigate the significant role of cold plasma treatment in modifying and treating the surface of nano-alumina to obtain a better interaction between the nano-alumina and the base fluid, consequently improving the insulation characteristics such as breakdown voltage, partial discharge characteristics, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of the nanofluids. The plasma treatment process was conducted on the surface of nano-alumina under atmospheric pressure plasma by using the dielectric barrier discharge concept. The breakdown strength and partial discharge characteristics of the nanofluids were measured according to IEC 60156 and IEC 60270 standards, respectively. In contrast, the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the nanofluids were determined using Brookfield DV-II + Pro Automated viscometer and Decagon KD2-Pro conductivity meter, respectively. The results indicate that the 0.1 wt% of plasma-treated alumina nanofluids has shown the most comprehensive improvements in electrical properties, dispersion stability, and thermal properties. Therefore, the plasma treatment has improved the nanoparticles dispersion and stability in nanofluids by providing stronger interactions between the mineral oil and the nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Influence of Aging Derivatives on Properties of Natural Ester Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2597-2600 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Furanic Compounds ◽  
Paper Insulation ◽  
Transmission And Distribution ◽  
Natural Ester

Transformers are the critical component in the power system, which is used for transmission and distribution purposes. Traditionally mineral oil has been used as the liquid insulation medium in the transformer. Owing to poor bio - degradability and availability, it has been widely studied to replace mineral oil with natural ester oil. During the service period of the transformer, oil insulation and paper insulation gets degraded due to aging. This aging results in the formation of furanic compounds in the oil insulation, which will affect the performance of oil insulation and thus the transformer life. In this proposed work, an effort is made to analyze the critical parameters before and after the inclusion of an aging derivative of 2–furfuraldehyde (2-FAL). 2-FAL has been added in the proportion of 20 ppm to investigate the oil’s properties such as breakdown voltage, viscosity, flash point, fire point, and peak absorbance of the UV spectrum. It is observed that there is a lesser impact on the properties with the addition of 20ppm of 2-FAL. Hence it is suggested that the various concentration of 2-FAL may be added to check the quality of oil for further applications.

Influence of electrical and thermal ageing on the mineral insulating oil performance for power transformer applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-231
Author(s):  
C Ranga ◽  
A Kumar ◽  
R Chandel
Keyword(s):  
Power Transformer ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Thermal Ageing ◽  
Test Cell ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Solid Dielectrics

In the present work, a new electrothermal combined stress test cell has been designed and fabricated to conduct accelerated electrothermal ageing. The fabricated test cell includes all possible real working conditions of the transformers. The effects of accelerated electrothermal ageing on the performance of power transformers with thermally upgraded Kraft (TUK), Nomex-910 and Nomex-410 solid dielectrics in conjunction with mineral oil have been investigated. The accelerated electrothermal ageing has been performed for a temperature range of 100°C to 220°C, along with 10 kV electrical stress. Subsequently, several electrical, thermal, mechanical and chemical properties of transformer oil and different paper dielectrics have been determined. It has been observed from the diagnostic test results that Nomex impregnated mineral oil samples have better electrothermal performance as well as oxidation stability when compared to the thermally upgraded Kraft oil samples. Therefore, Nomex insulating materials in conjunction with mineral oil are suggested as alternative solid dielectrics for power transformers in order to achieve better oxidation stability, improved thermal performance for long service runs and reduced operating and maintenance costs. It is envisioned that the present experimental study will be very beneficial to utility managers and end-users of power transformers.

scholarly journals Accumulation Behaviors of Different Particles and Effects on the Breakdown Properties of Mineral Oil under DC Voltage

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Dan ◽  
Jian Hao ◽  
Ruijin Liao ◽  
Lin Cheng ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Dc Voltage ◽  
Particle Properties ◽  
Particle Accumulation ◽  
Field Distortion

Particles in transformer oil are harmful to the operation of transformers, which can lead to the occurrence of partial discharge and even breakdown. More and more researchers are becoming interested in investigating the effects of particles on the performance of insulation oil. In this paper, a simulation method is provided to explore the motion mechanism and accumulation characteristics of different particles. This is utilized to explain the effects of particle properties on the breakdown strength of mineral oil. Experiments on particle accumulation under DC voltage as well as DC breakdown were carried out. The simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results. Having a DC electrical field with a sufficient accumulation time and initial concentration are advantageous for particle accumulation. Properties of impurities determine the bridge shape, conductivity characteristics, and variation law of DC breakdown voltages. Metal particles and mixed particles play more significant roles in the increase of current and electrical field distortion. It is noteworthy that cellulose particles along with metal particles cannot have superposition influences on changing conductivity characteristics and the electrical field distortion of mineral oil. The range of electrical field distortion is enlarged as the particle concentration increases. Changes in the electrical field distribution and an increase in conductivity collectively affect the DC breakdown strength of mineral oil.

Condition Monitoring of High Voltage Transformer using Dissolved Gas Analysis Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 1759-1770
Author(s):  
Dayyala Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Dissolved Gas ◽  
Voltage Transformer ◽  
Transformer Protection ◽  
Dissolved Gas Analysis

Power transformer plays a significant role in the entire power transmission network; thus, transformer protection requires more attention for fault free electric supply. when the mineral oil and insulation inside the transformer is subjected to high thermal and electrical stresses, gases are created by the decay of mineral oil and cellulose. Different gases create different faults, Identification of faults inside the power transformer before they occur reduces its failure rate during its service period. For Knowing the fault condition of power transformer, Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) is proven to be as accurate method based on combination of concentration of gases like CO, CO2, H2, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2 etc., Dissolved gas analysis is the most important test in determining the fault condition of a transformer and it is the first indicator of a problem and can identify deteriorating insulation and oil, overheating hot spots, partial discharge and arcing. For developing this DGA Techniques, the MATLAB GUIDE interface can be used for making easy interaction between the user and software developed. This software is designed using some conditional statements and logical functions to get the type of faults in transformers based on the concentration of gases in transformer oil. The faults in transformer using dissolved gases analysis are detected using methods such as key gas, Roger’s methods, IEC ratio, Doernenburg ratio, Duval triangle and the Combined DGA methods. In this paper, these four methods of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) are presented and explained briefly.

Thermal conductivity and electrical properties of hybrid SiO2-graphene naphthenic mineral oil nanofluid as potential transformer oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 015504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Hui Qing ◽  
W Rashmi ◽  
M Khalid ◽  
T C S M Gupta ◽  
M Nabipoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Transformer Oil

Investigation on Voltage Breakdown of Natural Ester Oils Based-On Zno Nanofluids

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wittawat Saenkhumwong ◽  
Amnart Suksri
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Zno Nanofluids ◽  
Voltage Breakdown ◽  
Natural Ester

Transformer is one of the major component, which is the most important device in power system. Their lifetime depends upon liquid insulation that help transfer the heat out of its winding inside of transformer. Transformer oil uses mineral oil that is the most commonly used has very slow process on decomposition and non-biodegrade. This paper presents the investigation on breakdown voltage of two types of natural ester oils, including palm oil and soy bean based-on ZnO nanofluids. Nanofluids that use nanoparticles modified by use of surfactant that are suspended by process of sonication. Different fraction of nanoparticles were investigated from 0.1% - 0.5% by weight. The breakdown voltage were measured according to ASTM D877. The voltage breakdown strength increased significantly when nanoparticles were added in oils. The obtained results will enable transformer industry to develop liquid insulation dielectric for use in transformer in the future.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Vegetative Oils under Accelerated Thermal Ageing against Their Dielectric Strength

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1588
Author(s):  
Siti Sufiah Abd Wahid ◽  
Mohd Fikri Hilmi Mohd Taib ◽  
Yanuar Z. Arief ◽  
Mohd Hafizi Ahmad ◽  
Noor Azlinda Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Transformer ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Thermal Ageing ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Low Dielectric ◽  
High Dielectric

Insulation is one of the most important parts in high voltage apparatus such as power transformer. Most power transformer use liquid insulation material, known as power transformer oil. Petroleum-based oil so called mineral oil has been used for many years as power transformer oil. This is due to its high dielectric field strength, low dielectric loses and good long-term performance. This research work has been carried out to investigate the effect of thermal accelerated ageing on electrical properties for several vegetative-based oils. The oil samples that have been used in this research work are soy bean-based oil (FR3) and commercial palm-based oil (PFAE). As comparison, Hyrax mineral oil has also been investigated. The results revealed that vegetative-based oils have as well as dielectric strength compared with mineral oil.  It was found that the dielectric strength for all oil samples decreased when undergo the thermal accelerated ageing process.

scholarly journals Pengujian Sifat Fisika dan Listrik Minyak Kelapa Sebagai Alternatif Isolasi Pada Trafo Daya

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-185
Author(s):  
Ni Made Seniari ◽  
Sumawarti Sumawarti ◽  
IK Wiryajati ◽  
Supriyatna Supriyatna ◽  
I.A.Sri Adnyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Renewable Materials

Transformer oil insulation material is the result of processes from petroleum, the material that is not able to be renewed, increasingly scarce, expensive, an imported commodity, and the need is increasing. So it is necessary to strive for alternative transformer oil that comes from renewable materials, based on domestic production, increases the added value of a commodity and environmentally friendly. The alternative transformer oil in this case is coconut oil. For this reason, it is necessary to test the feasibility of coconut oil as an alternative to transformer oil which includes testing of physical, chemical and electrical properties. The test results are compared with the standard transformer oil according to the IEC. The test results, the flashpoint and dielectric strength are feasible as an alternative to transformer oil, the density, volume expansion coefficient and viscosity of coconut oil are not suitable for use as an alternative to power transformer insulation oil. The percentage in terms of physical properties is 25%, with 4 tests of 10 existing physical properties. The feasibility of electrical properties is 50% with 1 test of 2 existing electrical properties.

scholarly journals Study on Breakdown Voltage for Vegetable Oils With Additive TiO2

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bin Yahya ◽  
Raja Muhammad Khidir Raja Chik
Keyword(s):  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Distribution Transformers ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Before And After

High voltage power transformers commonly used petroleum-based mineral oil for cooling and insulation purposes. Researchers are looking for suitable vegetable oils as alternatives to mineral oil to be used as transformer oil. The alternative vegetable oils are biodegradable, non-toxic and environmentally friendly. They may require some processing and modification to improve some of their properties to ascertain their safe use in power and distribution transformers as well as in high voltage equipment. This paper presents a study on the AC breakdown voltages of Palm Oil (PO) and Coconut Oil (CO) with presence of an additive. PO and CO are chosen as they are locally produced oils in Malaysia and easily obtained. The type of additive used in this study is Titanium dioxide TiO<sub>2</sub>. TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles was added into PO and CO at volume concentration of 0.1% to 0.5%. The effect of different gap distance of electrode 1.5mm, 2.5mm and 3.5mm was studied. The temperature of oil is controlled at 30<sup>o</sup>C. This paper provides a comparative assessment of breakdown properties through experimental investigation of PO and CO before and after the additive is added according to ASTM D1816 standard. From the experimental result, the PO have slightly higher breakdown voltage compared to CO. From all oil sample data recorded, it can be concluded that the breakdown voltage had increased to the increase in gap distance of electrode under presence of TiO<sub>2</sub>.

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