Producer Mobility Support Schemes for Named Data Networking: A Survey

Mobile devices connectivity and data traffic growth requires scalable and efficient means of data distribution over the Internet. Thus, influenced the needs for upgrading or replacing the current Internet architecture to cater the situation as Named Data Networking (NDN) was proposed. NDN is clean-slate Internet architecture, proposed to replace IP with hierarchical named content that utilizes route aggregation to improve scalability and support mobility. Although, NDN provides supports for content consumer mobility with the help of catching capabilities, however, content producer faces many problems similar to mobility in IP architecture, such as, long handoff delay, unnecessary Interest packet losses and high bandwidth utilization. Hence, many concepts and schemes were proposed to address these problems. This paper reviewed and conceptually analyzed the schemes based on their fundamental design that broadly categorized into indirection-based approach, mapping-based approach, locator-based approach and control/data plane-based approach. In the review analysis, mapping-based approach schemes provide optimal path for packets delivery, high handoff delay Indirection-based and locator-based approach schemes provide normal handoff delay, but introduces tiangular routing path. The control/data plane-based approach schemes provide sub-optimal routing path and high handoff delay. The paper provided both strength and weakness of each scheme for further research.

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OPMSS: Optimal Producer Mobility Support Solution for Named Data Networking

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11094064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 4064

Author(s):

Muktar Hussaini ◽

Muhammad Ali Naeem ◽

Byung-Seo Kim

Keyword(s):

Optimal Routing ◽

Data Path ◽

Named Data Networking ◽

Packet Losses ◽

Average Delay ◽

Internet Architecture ◽

Mobility Support ◽

Signaling Overhead ◽

Handoff Latency ◽

Data Networking

Named data networking (NDN) is designed as a clean-slate Internet architecture to replace the current IP Internet architecture. The named data networking was proposed to offer vast advantages, especially with the advent of new content distributions in IoT, 5G and vehicular networking. However, the architecture is still facing challenges for managing content producer mobility. Despite the efforts of many researchers that curtailed the high handoff latency and signaling overhead, there are still some prominent challenges, such as non-optimal routing path, long delay for data delivery and unnecessary interest packet losses. This paper proposed a solution to minimize unnecessary interest packet losses, delay and provide data path optimization when the mobile producer relocates by using mobility update, broadcasting and best route strategies. The proposed solution is implemented, evaluated and benchmarked with an existing Kite solution. The performance analysis result revealed that our proposed Optimal Producer Mobility Support Solution (OPMSS) minimizes the number of unnecessary interest packets lost on average by 30%, and an average delay of 25% to 30%, with almost equal and acceptable signaling overhead costs. Furthermore, it provides a better data packet delivery route than the Kite solution.

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A NEURAL NETWORK BASED TRAFFIC-AWARE FORWARDING STRATEGY IN NAMED DATA NETWORKING

IIUM Engineering Journal ◽

10.31436/iiumej.v17i2.617 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 59-69

Author(s):

Parisa Bazmi ◽

Manijeh Keshtgary

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Load Balancing ◽

Shortest Path ◽

Optimal Path ◽

Named Data Networking ◽

Internet Architecture ◽

Multiple Paths ◽

Forwarding Strategy ◽

Packet Drop ◽

Data Networking

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a new Internet architecture which has been proposed to eliminate TCP/IP Internet architecture restrictions. This architecture is abstracting away the notion of host and working based on naming datagrams. However, one of the major challenges of NDN is supporting QoS-aware forwarding strategy so as to forward Interest packets intelligently over multiple paths based on the current network condition. In this paper, Neural Network (NN) Based Traffic-aware Forwarding strategy (NNTF) is introduced in order to determine an optimal path for Interest forwarding. NN is embedded in NDN routers to select next hop dynamically based on the path overload probability achieved from the NN. This solution is characterized by load balancing and QoS-awareness via monitoring the available path and forwarding data on the traffic-aware shortest path. The performance of NNTF is evaluated using ndnSIM which shows the efficiency of this scheme in terms of network QoS improvementof17.5% and 72% reduction in network delay and packet drop respectively.

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OFFLOADING LTE DATA TRAFFIC WITH NAMED-DATA NETWORKING INTEGRATION

Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.15625/2525-2518/54/3a/11970 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (3A) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Ong Mau Dung

Keyword(s):

Mobile Network ◽

Mobile Internet ◽

Internet Technology ◽

Single Server ◽

Data Traffic ◽

Named Data Networking ◽

Huge Number ◽

Caching Scheme ◽

Real Trace ◽

Data Networking

Nowadays, mobile Internet becomes increasingly popular and the number of mobile users is growing exponentially. With a traditional clients-server connection, servers are usually in overload state by a huge number of users accessing the service at the same time. Moreover, in a century of “green” Internet technology, it should be more effective in content distribution for a huge number of users. Named-Data Networking (NDN) had been proposed as the promising solution for above problem, which is a content name-oriented approach to disseminate content to edge gateways/routers. In NDN, popular contents are cached at routers for a certain time, and the previously queried one can be reused for multiple times to save bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a solution for Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile network based on the concept of NDN. By OPNET Modeler simulation, we carry out the evaluation in realistic mobile network with a huge number of mobility LTE mobile stations access to a single server, where content names and content sizes are obtained from real trace of Internet traffic. The obtained results show that Evolved Packet Core (EPC) caching scheme can helps to further increases the quality of service as well as offloads server traffic significantly.

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Time constructs: Design ideology and a future internet

Time & Society ◽

10.1177/0961463x20985316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 126-149

Author(s):

Britt S Paris

Keyword(s):

Technological Development ◽

Future Internet ◽

Named Data Networking ◽

Internet Architecture ◽

Future Internet Architecture ◽

Political Values ◽

Politics Of Technology ◽

The Social ◽

The Future ◽

Data Networking

This article engages the politics of technology as it examines how a discourse of time is framed by engineers and project principals in the course of the development of three future internet architecture projects: named data networking, eXpressive Internet Architecture, and Mobility First. This framing reveals categories of a discourse of time that include articulations of efficiency, speed, time as a technical resource, and notions of the future manifest in each project. The discursive categories fit into a time constructs model that exposes how these projects were built with regard to concepts of speed and how different notions of time are expressed as a design ideology intertwined with other ideologies. This time constructs framework represents a tool that can be used to expose the social and political values of technological development that are often hidden or are difficult to communicate in cross-disciplinary contexts.

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OFFLOADING LTE DATA TRAFFIC WITH NAMED-DATA NETWORKING INTEGRATION

Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.15625/2525-2518/54/3a/11955 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (3A) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Ong Mau Dung

Keyword(s):

Mobile Network ◽

Mobile Internet ◽

Internet Technology ◽

Single Server ◽

Data Traffic ◽

Named Data Networking ◽

Huge Number ◽

Caching Scheme ◽

Real Trace ◽

Data Networking

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A New Efficient Cache Replacement Strategy for Named Data Networking

International journal of Computer Networks & Communications ◽

10.5121/ijcnc.2021.13502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 19-35

Author(s):

Saad Al-Ahmadi

Keyword(s):

Future Internet ◽

Data Availability ◽

Cache Replacement ◽

Data Traffic ◽

Named Data Networking ◽

Future Internet Architecture ◽

Replacement Strategy ◽

Content Retrieval ◽

Network Load ◽

Data Networking

The Information-Centric Network (ICN) is a future internet architecture with efficient content retrieval and distribution. Named Data Networking (NDN) is one of the proposed architectures for ICN. NDN’s innetwork caching improves data availability, reduce retrieval delays, network load, alleviate producer load, and limit data traffic. Despite the existence of several caching decision algorithms, the fetching and distribution of contents with minimum resource utilization remains a great challenge. In this paper, we introduce a new cache replacement strategy called Enhanced Time and Frequency Cache Replacement strategy (ETFCR) where both cache hit frequency and cache retrieval time are used to select evicted data chunks. ETFCR adds time cycles between the last two requests to adjust data chunk’s popularity and cache hits. We conducted extensive simulations using the ccnSim simulator to evaluate the performance of ETFCR and compare it to that of some well-known cache replacement strategies. Simulations results show that ETFCR outperforms the other cache replacement strategies in terms of cache hit ratio, and lower content retrieval delay.

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Cluster-Based Device Mobility Management in Named Data Networking for Vehicular Networks

Mobile Information Systems ◽

10.1155/2018/1710591 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Moneeb Gohar ◽

Naveed Khan ◽

Awais Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Najam-Ul-Islam ◽

Shahzad Sarwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mobility Management ◽

Vehicular Networks ◽

Cluster Head ◽

Emerging Technology ◽

Named Data Networking ◽

Internet Architecture ◽

Management Scheme ◽

Hourglass Model ◽

Access Router ◽

Data Networking

Named data networking (NDN) is an emerging technology. It was designed to eliminate the dependency of IP addresses in the hourglass model. Mobility is a key concern of the modern Internet architecture, even though the NDN architecture has solved the consumer mobility. That is, the consumer can rerequest the desired data contents, while the producer mobility remains as an issue in the NDN architecture. This paper focuses on the issue of producer mobility and proposes the cluster-based device mobility management scheme, which uses the cluster heads to solve the producer mobility issue in NDN. In the proposed scheme, a cluster head has all information of its attached devices. A cluster head updates the routes, when a device moves to the new access router by sending all the attachment information. The proposed scheme is evaluated and compared with the existing scheme by using the ndnSIM simulation. From the results, we see that the proposed scheme can decrease the numbers of interest packets in the network, compared with the existing scheme.

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Compound Popular Content Caching Strategy in Named Data Networking

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics8070771 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 771 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Naeem ◽

Nor ◽

Hassan ◽

Kim

Keyword(s):

Data Dissemination ◽

Stretch Ratio ◽

Data Traffic ◽

Named Data Networking ◽

Caching Strategy ◽

Content Caching ◽

Content Diversity ◽

Cache Hit Ratio ◽

Caching Mechanism ◽

Data Networking

The aim of named data networking (NDN) is to develop an efficient data dissemination approach by implementing a cache module within the network. Caching is one of the most prominent modules of NDN that significantly enhances the Internet architecture. NDN-cache can reduce the expected flood of global data traffic by providing cache storage at intermediate nodes for transmitted contents, making data broadcasting in efficient way. It also reduces the content delivery time by caching popular content close to consumers. In this study, a new content caching mechanism named the compound popular content caching strategy (CPCCS) is proposed for efficient content dissemination and its performance is measured in terms of cache hit ratio, content diversity, and stretch. The CPCCS is extensively and comparatively studied with other NDN-based caching strategies, such as max-gain in-network caching (MAGIC), WAVE popularity-based caching strategy, hop-based probabilistic caching (HPC), LeafPopDown, most popular cache (MPC), cache capacity aware caching (CCAC), and ProbCache through simulations. The results shows that the CPCCS performs better in terms of the cache hit ratio, content diversity ratio, and stretch ratio than all other strategies.

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Analytical modelling solution of producer mobility support scheme for named data networking

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) ◽

10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp3850-3861 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 3850

Author(s):

Muktar Hussaini ◽

Shahrudin Awang Nor ◽

Amran Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Data Path ◽

Named Data Networking ◽

Control Data ◽

Mobility Support ◽

Overhead Cost ◽

Signaling Cost ◽

Handoff Latency ◽

Data Plane ◽

And Control ◽

Content Producer

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a clean-slate future Internet architecture proposed to support content mobility. However, content producer mobility is not supported fundamentally and faces many challenges such as, high handoff latency, signaling overhead cost and unnecessary Interest packet losses. Hence, many approaches indirection-based approach, mapping-based approach, locator-based approach and control/data plane-based approach were proposed to address these problems. Mapping-based and control/data plane-based approach deployed servers for name resolution serveces to provide optimal data path after handoff, but introduces high handoff latency and signalling overhead cost. Indirection-based and locator-based approach schemes provide normal handoff delay, but introduces sub-optimal or tiangular routing path. Therefore, there is needs to provide substantial producer mobility support that minimizes the handoff latency, signaling cost and improve data packets delivery via optimal path once a content producer relocates to new location. This paper proposed a scheme that provides optimal data path using mobility Interest packets and broadcasting strategy. Analytical investigation result shows that our proposed scheme outperforms existing approaches in terms of handoff latency, signaling cost and path optimization.

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Named Data Networking for Efficient IoT-based Disaster Management in a Smart Campus

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12083088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 3088 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zain Ali ◽

Munam Ali Shah ◽

Ahmad Almogren ◽

Ikram Ud Din ◽

Carsten Maple ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Disaster Management ◽

Timed Automata ◽

Human Life ◽

Named Data Networking ◽

Mobile Nodes ◽

Bandwidth Utilization ◽

Time Model ◽

Alert Message ◽

Data Networking

Disasters are uncertain occasions that can impose a drastic impact on human life and building infrastructures. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a vital role in coping with such situations by enabling and integrating multiple technological resources to develop Disaster Management Systems (DMSs). In this context, a majority of the existing DMSs use networking architectures based upon the Internet Protocol (IP) focusing on location-dependent communications. However, IP-based communications face the limitations of inefficient bandwidth utilization, high processing, data security, and excessive memory intake. To address these issues, Named Data Networking (NDN) has emerged as a promising communication paradigm, which is based on the Information-Centric Networking (ICN) architecture. An NDN is among the self-organizing communication networks that reduces the complexity of networking systems in addition to provide content security. Given this, many NDN-based DMSs have been proposed. The problem with the existing NDN-based DMS is that they use a PULL-based mechanism that ultimately results in higher delay and more energy consumption. In order to cater for time-critical scenarios, emergence-driven network engineering communication and computation models are required. In this paper, a novel DMS is proposed, i.e., Named Data Networking Disaster Management (NDN-DM), where a producer forwards a fire alert message to neighbouring consumers. This makes the nodes converge according to the disaster situation in a more efficient and secure way. Furthermore, we consider a fire scenario in a university campus and mobile nodes in the campus collaborate with each other to manage the fire situation. The proposed framework has been mathematically modeled and formally proved using timed automata-based transition systems and a real-time model checker, respectively. Additionally, the evaluation of the proposed NDM-DM has been performed using NS2. The results prove that the proposed scheme has reduced the end-to-end delay up from 2 % to 10 % and minimized up to 20 % energy consumption, as energy improved from 3 % to 20 % compared with a state-of-the-art NDN-based DMS.

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