scholarly journals Rectifier for RF energy harvesting using stub matching

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
I. Adam ◽  
M.N. M. Yasin ◽  
M.E. A. Aziz ◽  
Sulaiman M.I.
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Complex Impedance ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Rf Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Rectenna Design ◽  
Multiplier Circuit

One of challenge in rectenna design is the impedance matching of the antenna to the rectifier load. Rectifier exhibits complex impedance while antennas are normally designed to match either 50 Ω or 75 Ω loads. For the optimum power transfer between antenna and the rectifier circuit, both impedances should be matched. This paper presents the design and development of the 7-stages Dickson multiplier in energy harvesting. The objective of this paper is to analyze the performance of the designed multiplier together with matching circuit. An improvement of 60% output voltage is achieved by feeding -30dBm of low input power at the multiplier circuit.

A Dual Frequency RF-DC Rectifier Circuit with a Low Input Power for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mokhlès Mnif ◽  
Hassene Mnif ◽  
Mourad Loulou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Threshold Voltage ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Design System ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Rectifier Circuit ◽  
Radio Frequency Energy

The energy-harvesting radio frequency (RF) can be an attractive alternative energy capable of replacing all or some of the board batteries. The RF waves are present in several high frequencies ([Formula: see text] GHz) and at low power (a few [Formula: see text]W). An energy-harvesting circuit designed must provide 1[Formula: see text]V voltage at minimum that is able to operate an actuator or a sensor. The RF-DC rectifier is the main component of an energy-harvesting circuit. This paper presents a new design RF-DC rectifier circuit using the MOSFET transistors, the capacitors and the inductors. Our proposed circuit is a combination of an Inductor–Capacitor–Inductor–Capacitor (LCLC) serie-parallel resonant tank (SPRT) and rectifier cascade using the Dynamic threshold Voltage Cancellation (DVC) and the technique of the Internal threshold Voltage Cancellation (IVC). Our proposed circuit operates in dual frequencies [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GHz and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GHz with a low input power [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dbm) and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dbm), respectively. This circuit gives a Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) of 56.9% and an output voltage [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V for the frequency 2.543[Formula: see text]GHz and a PCE of 62.6% and an output voltage [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V for the frequency 4[Formula: see text]GHz. The pre-layout simulations were performed using the Advanced Design System (ADS) and the technology used is CMOS 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m from TSMC. The simulations were performed on the proposed circuit composed by three stages.

A Multiband RF Energy Harvesting System for Efficient Power Conversion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
Uttam K. Chakravarty
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Mathematical Programming Problem ◽  
Rf Energy Harvesting ◽  
Voltage Multiplier ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Rf Energy ◽  
Multiplier Circuit

Abstract This paper presents a radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (RFEH) system with a multiband antenna configuration that can simultaneously harvest energy from the sub-6 GHz and 5G millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) frequency bands. The performance of the RFEH system is studied from −25 dBm to 5 dBm input power levels underlying the maximization of the overall efficiency and possible optimization strategies. The maximum achievable power conversion efficiency (PCE) is formulated as a mathematical programming problem and solved by optimizing the design factors including antenna geometry, operational frequencies, rectifier topologies, and rectifier parameters. An array of broadband high gain patch antennas with reconfigurable rectifiers, an impedance matching network, and a voltage-multiplier circuit are employed in the system to maximize the PCE. The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and reflection coefficient (S11) of the antenna are estimated and optimized by numerical method. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performances of the rectenna and the voltage-multiplier circuit. Results for radiation pattern, wave absorption, input impedance, voltage, and power across the load resistance as a function of frequency are obtained for the optimized configuration. The overall efficiency of the optimized RFEH system is measured at various power inputs and load resistances.

Rectennas for Microwave-Based Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)

2019 ◽  
pp. 162-182
Author(s):  
Mukesh Kumar Khandelwal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Wireless Power Transfer ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Measurement Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rectenna Design ◽  
Power And Energy ◽  
Wireless Energy Harvesting

Electromagnetics has an important role in power and energy industry. In this chapter, the concept of rectenna is reviewed. The history of rectenna for wireless energy harvesting and transmission is discussed. Finally, examples are employed to illustrate some rectenna design and measurement issues such as rectenna impedance matching and its conversion efficiency. It is also shown that rectennas can harvest wireless energy efficiently under certain conditions and have the potential to become a power supplier for some special applications.

scholarly journals Effect of Parallel Capacitor in Matching Network of RF Energy Harvesting Circuit

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Pankaj Agrawal ◽  
Bharat Mishra ◽  
Akhilesh Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Matching Network ◽  
Rf Energy Harvesting ◽  
Rf Energy

This paper is an outcome of a wide research on RF energy harvesting techniques presented so far along with the development and implementation of the new idea of using a matching network with and without including parallel capacitance. While working with variable signal power in RF energy harvesting there is always a problem with nonlinear behavior of rectifying diode in harvesting circuit, to overcome the same a variety of matching networks are proposed in this manuscript with the variable RF power along with the variable load. Simulation results shows that output has been achieved upto 1.8Volts with maximum power conversion efficiency up to 79% at -10 dBm input power. Experimental results represented DC output of 1.62 volts at a frequency of 900 MHz with -10 dBm input power. Optimization technique is used to select parameters value which maximizes output voltage and efficiency. Variation of load resistance and input power plays a major role in output voltage and conversion efficiency. Comparison of the same is also presented in this particular research paper.

scholarly journals A Dual-Band Wide-Input-Range Adaptive CMOS RF–DC Converter for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7483
Author(s):  
Bo-Ram Heo ◽  
Ickjin Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Rf Energy Harvesting ◽  
Input Range ◽  
Rf Energy ◽  
Cmos Rf ◽  
Multi Band

In this paper, a dual-band wide-input-range adaptive radio frequency-to-direct current (RF–DC) converter operating in the 0.9 GHz and 2.4 GHz bands is proposed for ambient RF energy harvesting. The proposed dual-band RF–DC converter adopts a dual-band impedance-matching network to harvest RF energy from multiple frequency bands. To solve the problem consisting in the great degradation of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a multi-band rectifier according to the RF input power range because the available RF input power range is different according to the frequency band, the proposed dual-band RF rectifier adopts an adaptive configuration that changes the operation mode so that the number of stages is optimized. Since the optimum peak PCE can be obtained according to the RF input power, the PCE can be increased over a wide RF input power range of multiple bands. When dual-band RF input powers of 0.9 GHz and 2.4 GHz were applied, a peak PCE of 67.1% at an input power of −12 dBm and a peak PCE of 62.9% at an input power of −19 dBm were achieved. The input sensitivity to obtain an output voltage of 1 V was −17 dBm, and the RF input power range with a PCE greater than 20% was 21 dB. The proposed design achieved the highest peak PCE and the widest RF input power range compared with previously reported CMOS multi-band rectifiers.

scholarly journals RF Energy Harvesting using Cross-couple Rectifier and DTMOS on SOTB with Phase Effect of Paired RF Inputs

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-178
Author(s):  
Thuy-Linh Nguyen ◽  
Shiho Takahashi ◽  
Van-Trung Nguyen ◽  
Yasuo Sato ◽  
Koichiro Ishibashi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Rf Energy Harvesting ◽  
Input Signals ◽  
Rf Energy ◽  
Rf Signal

In this paper, the design and evaluations of a cross-couple rectifier (CCR) with floating sub-circuit using Dynamic Threshold MOSFET (DTMOS) for RF energy harvesting is presented. The circuit is fabricated using 65nm Silicon on Thin Buried Box (SOTB) CMOS technology. The measurement result shows that circuit exceeds 1000 mV DC output at -14 dBm input power and obtains 48 % power conversion efficiency (PCE) at a level of -10 dBm input power. The proposed circuit generated 0.9 μW DC output power at a level of -21 dBm input power which equivalent to 10.6 % PCE when harvesting the 950 MHz LTE signal in the ambient environment. The study also indicates the effect of phase difference between the two RF input signals on the DC output voltage in CMOS CCR. The DC output voltage depends on the phase of the two RF input signals and reaches a maximum when the phase difference between the two RF signals is π. Experimental results demonstrate that the output voltage changes from 950 mV to -100 mV when the phase difference varies from π to 0 at an RF input power of -10 dBm. When the rectifier receives an RF signal from the environment at an input power of -21 dBm, the DC output voltage changes from 300 mV to -50 mV when the phase changes from π to 0.

A 50 mV Fully-Integrated Self-Startup Circuit for Thermal Energy Harvesting

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1750196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanzhao Ma ◽  
Yinghui Zou ◽  
Shengbing Zhang ◽  
Xiaoya Fan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Charge Pump ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Input Capacitance ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Lc Oscillator ◽  
Thermal Energy Harvesting

A fully-integrated self-startup circuit with ultra-low voltage for thermal energy harvesting is presented in this paper. The converter is composed of an enhanced swing LC oscillator and a charge pump with decreased equivalent input capacitance. The LC oscillator has ultra-low input voltage and high output voltage swing, and the charge pump has a fast charging speed and small equivalent input capacitance. This circuit is designed with 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m standard CMOS process. The simulation results show that the output voltage is in the range of 0.14[Formula: see text]V and 2.97[Formula: see text]V when the input voltage is changed from 50[Formula: see text]mV to 150[Formula: see text]mV. The output voltage could reach 2.87[Formula: see text]V at the input voltage of 150[Formula: see text]mV and the load of 1[Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text]. The maximum efficiency is in the range of 10.0% and 14.8% when the input voltage is changed from 0.2[Formula: see text]V to 0.4[Formula: see text]V. The circuit is suitable for thermoelectric energy harvesting to start with ultra-low input voltage.

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