Future smart grid communication-deployment of IoT: opportunities and challenges

India’s electrical power system grid also known as the power grid is serving us from a very long time. In this duration, there were no major developments or changes reported in the power grid system. Electrical power consumer demand is increasing drastically and the present grid system is not able to fulfil these emerging requirements. To fulfil the requirements of future power load, we need a modified system which has to be reliable, secure, intelligent and efficient. By converting the power grid into the smart grid will be a promising solution for adopting the above properties. Communication Infrastructure is a major part of the smart grid. The end-user can reduce their expenditure on electricity demand by using smart home appliance, to keep away from the rush hours and also make use of the renewable energy instead from utility, is a great example of deployment of internet of things (IoT) in grid communication. In this paper, we have provided a survey of different communication technology, applications, benefits and challenges in communication infrastructure, spatially IoT.

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A Comprehensive Study of Advancement of Electrical Power Grid and Middleware based Smart Grid Communication Platform

International Journal of Advancements in Technology ◽

10.4172/0976-4860.1000156 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 07 (02) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hassan Ali ◽

Abdullah Al Mamun

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Power Grid ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Communication Platform ◽

Smart Grid Communication ◽

Comprehensive Study

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Smart Grid A New Paradigm to Power Grid & Marketing Opportunity in Developing Countries

International Research Journal of Management Science ◽

10.3126/irjms.v1i0.28500 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Author(s):

Sanjaya Gajurel

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Cyber Security ◽

Power Grid ◽

Electrical Power ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Electrical Power System ◽

Market Growth ◽

Utility Company ◽

Alternative Sources ◽

Distribution Generation

The smart grid has been using more and more power electronic devices as an improvement to the current electrical power system along with plug-and-play integration of alternating sources of power. It has adopted the latest wired/wireless technologies incorporated into electric devices for timely information flow, control and on-demand interaction with customers. So, smart grid is reliable, efficient, and user as well as environment friendly. The grid keeps on getting smarter with better availability of new materials, storage systems, and alternative sources of energy. Though, this paper encompasses all sectors of smart grid, not limited to, smart transmission line, smart distribution generation, smart storage, smart communication, cyber security, and environment friendliness, it has demonstrated the wireless prototype of remote interaction between the consumers and the utility company. In countries like Nepal where power grid infrastructure is limited mostly to cities and energy supply is far below its demand, there is a great potential for energy market growth having minimal barriers to renewables.

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IoT-Based Implementation of Field Area Network Using Smart Grid Communication Infrastructure

Smart Cities ◽

10.3390/smartcities1010011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 176-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lipi Chhaya ◽

Paawan Sharma ◽

Adesh Kumar ◽

Govind Bhagwatikar

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Power Grid ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Area Network ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Communication Infrastructure ◽

Data Rates ◽

And Control ◽

Smart Grid Communication ◽

Field Area

A power grid is a network that carries electrical energy from power plants to customer premises. One existing power grid is going through a massive and revolutionary transformation process. It is envisioned to achieve the true meaning of technology as “technology for all.” Smart grid technology is an inventive and futuristic approach for improvement in existing power grids. Amalgamation of existing electrical infrastructure with information and communication network is an inevitable requirement of smart grid deployment and operation. The key characteristics of smart grid technology are full duplex communication, advanced metering infrastructure, integration of renewable and alternative energy resources, distribution automation and absolute monitoring, and control of the entire power grid. Smart grid communication infrastructure consists of heterogeneous and hierarchical communication networks. Various layers of smart grid deployment involve diverse sets of wired and wireless communication standards. Application of smart grids can be realized in the facets of energy utilization. Smart grid communication architecture can be used to explore intelligent agriculture applications for the proficient nurturing of various crops. The utilization, monitoring, and control of various renewable energy resources are the most prominent features of smart grid infrastructure for agriculture applications. This paper describes an implementation of an IoT-based wireless energy management system and the monitoring of weather parameters using a smart grid communication infrastructure. A graphical user interface and dedicated website was developed for real-time execution of the developed prototype. The prototype described in this paper covers a pervasive communication infrastructure for field area networks. The design was validated by testing the developed prototype. For practical implementation of the monitoring of the field area network, multiple sensors units were placed for data collection for better accuracy and the avoidance of estimation error. The developed design uses one sensor and tested it for IoT applications. The prototype was validated for local and wide area networks. Most of the present literature depicts a design of various systems using protocols such as IEEE 802.15.1 and IEEE 802.15.4, which either provide restricted access in terms of area or have lower data rates. The protocols used in developed system such as IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.3 provide ubiquitous coverage as well as high data rates. These are well-established and proven protocols for Internet applications and data communication but less explored for smart grid applications. The work depicted in this paper provides a solution for all three smart grid hierarchical networks such as home/field area networks, neighborhood area networks, and wide area networks using prototype development and testing. It lays a foundation for actual network design and implementation. The designed system can be extended for multiple sensor nodes for practical implementation in field area networks for better accuracy and in the case of node failure.

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Secured Power Line Communication based network for advanced metering in Smart Grid

10.51415/10321/3053 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Zephaniah Philani Khumalo

Keyword(s):

Access Control ◽

Smart Grid ◽

Private Information ◽

Power Grid ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Power Line ◽

Error Rates ◽

Power Line Communication ◽

Grid System ◽

The Future

A Smart Grid (SG) generally refers to a modernized power grid system that incorporates Infor mation and Communications Technologies (ICT) so that a two way communication between the grid system (utility) and power users ensures power supply efficiency and optimization to the users. In a way, an SG is an evolved version of legacy power grid systems that manages electricity de mand in a sustainable, reliable and economic manner, built on advanced infrastructure and tuned to facilitate the integration of all involved. The provisioning of duplex communication between the utility and itsusers (customers) allows key devicessuch as SMs to interact directly with the utility 's control center (CC). SGs are destined for provisioning a cleaner environmental sustainable and renewable energy for the future. Its successes mostly rely on advanced ICT design and architecture. It is imperative that it meets the future data transmission and design performance requirements in terms ofrobustness, reliability, and at the same time ensuring end-to-end data exchanges with min imal latencies and losses. The incorporation oflCT, however, results in security and access control challenges, as a result complex network arrangement may be exploited by hackers among other things, access private information and sensitive data, hence the necessity to address vulnerabilities of such systems. Typ ical consequences or repercussions of security and access control threats include energy theft by way of altering of SM data. At present, it is cost effective to implement the ICT related infrastruc ture on the currently unused power line spectrum (i.e. above 50Hz) hence in this work, Power Line Communication (PLC) is elected for provisioning this platform. As such, PLC implementation shall imply the digital communication in power lines concurrently with electrical power transmission and ensuring uninterruption of either of the services, as well as guaranteed efficiency. We address approaches to increasing the data rate of transmission and re duction of bit error rates. That will enhance the performance of PLC and redevelopment ofreliable JCT without additional cost to the existing infrastructure of electrical grids. We also address secu rity and access control by implementing Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) protocol to secure SG related data in our proposed security and access control framework. Results show that the sys tem has low computational requirements, minimal latency and as well ensures confidentiality and integrity. The simulation is run on a combined MATLAB/ OPNET platform.

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DSM for Energy Optimization and Communications Within Smart Grid CPSs

10.4018/978-1-6684-3666-0.ch024 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 506-528

Author(s):

Sa'ed Abed ◽

Areej Abdelaal ◽

Amjad Gawanmeh

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Smart Grid ◽

Energy Demand ◽

New Technologies ◽

Power Grid ◽

Energy Optimization ◽

Cyber Physical Systems ◽

Optimization Techniques ◽

Grid System ◽

Potential Solution

Energy demand has increased significantly in the recent years due to the emerging of new technologies and industries, in particular in the developing countries. This increase requires much more developed power grid system than the existing traditional ones. Smart grid (SG) offers a potential solution to this problem. Being one of the most needed and complex cyber-physical systems (CPS), SG has been addressed exhaustively by researchers, from different views and aspects. However, energy optimization yet needs much more studying and examination. Therefore, this chapter presents a comprehensive investigation and analysis of the state-of-the-art developments in SG as a CPS with emphasis on energy optimization techniques and challenges. It also surveys the main challenges facing the SG considering CPS factors and the remarkable accomplishments and techniques in addressing these challenges. In addition, the document contrasts between different techniques according to their efficiency, usage, and feasibility. Moreover, this work explores the most effective applications of the SG as a CPS.

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A Review of the Smart Grid Concept for Electrical Power System

10.4018/978-1-6684-3666-0.ch061 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1361-1385

Author(s):

Amam Hossain Bagdadee ◽

Li Zhang

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

Electric Power ◽

Smart Grids ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Future Generation ◽

Electric Power Systems ◽

Basic Information ◽

Electrical Power System

The review this article conducts is an extensive analysis of the concept of a smart grid framework with the most sophisticated smart grid innovation and some basic information about smart grid soundness. Smart grids as a new scheme for energy and a future generation framework encourages the expansion of information and progress. The smart grid framework concord will potentially take years. In this article, the focus is on developing smart networks within the framework of electric power systems.

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Implementation of Flooding Free Routing in Smart Grid

Smart Grid as a Solution for Renewable and Efficient Energy - Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-0072-8.ch013 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 298-322

Author(s):

Saad Afzal

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Electric Power ◽

Network Topology ◽

Power Grid ◽

Grid System ◽

Reliability Management ◽

Electric Power Grid ◽

Control Centre ◽

Management Capabilities ◽

Destination Point

Smart Grid is a communication and automatic control capabilities in electric power grid system for improving efficiency, reliability, management, capabilities and security of electric power grid. Routing is important in Smart Grid to send data from one point to another point. Routing in Smart Grid is necessary to search /identify destination point/node for communication and to computer the best available route in the network topology among which the data to be sent during communication. Smart Grid can be a combination of fixed nodes (home appliances, smart meter, control centre, etc.) but the nature of communication between fixed nodes is dynamic due to the switch on/off or the fluctuation in electricity flow. Therefore the fixed nodes can also be disappeared from the network topology in Smart Grid. Existing routing protocols for Smart Grid are based on flooding mechanism. We would like to examine the feasibility of flooding free routing in Smart Grid. Then we will propose a flooding-free routing for Smart.

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Availability Improvements through Data Slicing in PLC Smart Grid Networks

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20247256 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (24) ◽

pp. 7256

Author(s):

Paul Negirla ◽

Romina Druță ◽

Ioan Silea

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Power Grid ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Large Data ◽

Optical Probe ◽

Current Approach ◽

Smart Meters ◽

Electrical Grid ◽

Network Availability

An electrical power grid, is an interconnected network for delivering electricity from producers to consumers. Electrical grids vary in size from covering a single building through national grids (which cover whole countries) to transnational grids (which can cross continents). As the rollout of smart meters continues worldwide, there are use-cases where common solutions fail and the network availability of certain meters is very low due to poor communication conditions. This paper proposes a data slicing model for large data files which have to travel securely and reliably throughout the Smart Grid. The manuscript addresses improvements for PRIME PLC network availability by using correct data slicing at the application level along a tuned transmission rate in accordance with the noise levels of the power grid. Successful communications, even at low rates, mean that no manual interaction from energy supplier operators is needed reducing the maintenance costs for both the energy companies as well as for the end user. Experiments on a low power electrical grid setup have been performed in order to evaluate availability improvements through the proposed method as well as the feasibility of remote firmware upgrades. The results have shown that the current approach has similar upgrade time results with a manual firmware upgrade performed through an optical probe. Moreover, the results show that the presented remote firmware upgrade method is reliable and practical.

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