scholarly journals Total power deficiency estimation of isolated power system network using full-state observer method

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1249
Author(s):  
M. Saifuzam Jamri ◽  
Muhammad Nizam Kamarudin ◽  
Mohd Luqman Mohd Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Network ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Distributed Generator ◽  
Luenberger Observer ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Full State ◽  
Actual Signal ◽  
Power Deficit ◽  
Demand Changes

<span>An isolated electrical network with an independent local distributed generator is very sensitive towards the contingencies between load demand and supply. Although the network system has less complexity in term of structure, its stability condition is crucial due to its stand-alone operating condition. The total power deficit in the network gives the important information related to the dynamical frequency responses which may directly affect the system’s stability level. In this paper, the approach to estimate the total power deficiency for the isolated electrical network was presented by utilized the Luenberger observer method. Although the power deficit is not the state variable in the network mathematical model, the solution of estimation problem was feasible by introducing the new variable using additional dummy system. The simulation was carried out by using MATLAB/Simulink environment and the designed estimator was verified using multifarious load demand changes. The results show that the estimated signal was successfully tracked the expected actual signal with minimum error.</span>

scholarly journals CO2 emission reduction and energy management for an integrated smart grid — Case of study: Rwandan electrical network

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Fabien Mukundufite ◽  
Jean Marie Vianney Bikorimana ◽  
Etienne Ntagwirumugara ◽  
Alex Kyaruzi
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Operation Cost

Many scholars have been focusing on the energy management by Integrating a smart grid into a conventional electrical grid. They have showed that to meet a certain power demand of the consumers, using energy management, the electric utility can turn on some generators, which may have the least operation cost, while the generators with high operation cost are left to supply extra load demand in specific peak periods. Henceforth, the operation cost of its generation units is minimized. The issue remains at a level of relating the energy management to CO2 emission. The present paper briefly discusses the Rwandan electrical network that still integrates the use of diesel generators. It estimates the amount of CO2 emission that can be avoided once a PV system is integrated into the electrical network. The paper as well proposes an algorithm for energy management with consideration of CO2 emission.

Improvement of the Electrical Network Stability by Using a Renewable Distributed Generator

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-103
Author(s):  
Youssef Krim ◽  
Saber Krim ◽  
Mohamed Faouzi Mimouni
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Distributed Generator ◽  
Wind Generator ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Allowable Range ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Bus Voltage

In this chapter, a control strategy for a Renewable Distribution Generator (RDG) operates in grid-connected and standalone mode is suggested. This RDG is made up of a wind generator associated with a Super-Capacitors (SC) considered as a storage system. The study investigates a control scheme for RDG integrated into power electrical system to maintain the voltage and the frequency of the grid in an allowable range and to ensure the continuity of power supply in case of grid faults. The proposed control strategy has three parts: a vector control of the wind generator to extract the maximum power; the control of the DC bus voltage by inserting the SC; and a droop control loop proposed to ensure the grid stability. The simulation results demonstrate the reliability of the control system.

scholarly journals Consensus Based Economic Dispatch including System Power Losses

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.8) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
K. Naga Tejaswini ◽  
G. Kesava Rao
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Economic Dispatch ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Heuristic Methods ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
System Power

Economic dispatch (ED) is an important class of optimization problem in Power System Operation. As both conventional and heuristic methods to solve EDP are centrally controlled, which may leads to some performance limitations, a Consensus based distributed algorithm is proposed in this paper to solve Economic Dispatch with inclusion of losses. Earlier, some papers dealt with the consensus based methods to solve Economic dispatch, but here in this paper the losses are included and the variation of losses at each iteration are also used to update the mismatch, which has some major prominence in the present day Power system environment. In this paper, the mismatch between load demand and total power generation is collectively learnt by the each generator, unlike the centralized approach, through the strongly connected communication network. MATLAB results in IEEE 6-bus system validate the potency and efficacy of the proposed technique

Reliability Improvement of Distribution System by Optimal Sitting and Sizing of Disperse Generation

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 1740006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Singh Bhadoria ◽  
Nidhi Singh Pal ◽  
Vivek Shrivastava ◽  
Shiva Pujan Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Loss Minimization ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Distributed Generator ◽  
Efficiency Of Algorithms

Recent studies have publicized that renewable energy resources are the only answer to trim down energy crisis and also able to diminish green house gases. Thats why disperse generation is very significant for sustainable development in power sector. This paper presents an analytical algorithm to find optimal location and a best suitable size of distributed generator (DG) to minimize system losses. Authors also prove that scatter generation is used not only to reduce the gap between demand and supply of power with minimum amount losses, but it can also improve the reliability of distribution system. The results obtained from a case study of 34 bus radial distribution system have proved the efficiency of algorithms for loss minimization and competency of DG to enhance the reliability indices of the conventional distribution system.

scholarly journals Planning and Research of Distribution Feeder Automation with Decentralized Power Supply

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Yen-Chih Huang ◽  
Wen-Ching Chang ◽  
Hsuan Hsu ◽  
Cheng-Chien Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Loss Reduction ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Feeder Automation ◽  
Distributed Generator ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Power Loss Reduction

The high penetration of distributed generation in distributed energy systems causes the variation of power loss and makes the power grid become more complicated, so this paper takes various types of optimal algorithms into account and simulates the feeder reconfiguration on the IEEE-33 system as well as the Taiwan power system. The simulation verifies linear population size reduction of successful history-based adaptive differential evolution (L-SHADE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) fitness in different systems and provides the recommended location of distributed energy. The proposed method keeps the voltage bound of 0.95 to 1.03 p.u. of Taiwan regulation. In the IEEE-33 system, we achieved a 52.57% power loss reduction after feeder reconfiguration, and a 70.55% power loss reduction after the distributed generator was implemented and feeder reconfiguration. Under the variation of load demand and power generation of the Taiwan power system, we establish the system models by forecasting one-day load demand. Then, we propose a one-day feeder switch operation strategy by considering the switches’ operation frequency with the reduction of 83.3% manual operation and recommend feeder automation to achieve feeder power loss reduction, voltage profile improvement and get regional power grid resilient configuration.

scholarly journals Improved Evaluation of The Wind Power Potential of a Large Offshore Wind Farm Using Four Analytical Wake Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Mohammed Amine Hassoine ◽  
Fouad Lahlou ◽  
Adnane Addaim ◽  
Abdessalam Ait Madi
Keyword(s):  
Wind Direction ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Wake Effect ◽  
Power Deficit ◽  
Total Power Output

The objective of this paper is to investigate the ability of analytical wake models to estimate the wake effects between wind turbines (WTs). The interaction of multiple wakes reduces the total power output produced by a large offshore wind farm (LOFWF). This power loss is due to the effect of turbine spacing (WTS), if the WTs are too close, the power loss is very significant. Therefore, the optimization of turbine positions within the offshore wind farm requires an understanding of the interaction of wakes inside the wind farm. To better understand the wake effect, the Horns Rev 1 offshore wind farm has been studied with four wake models, Jensen, Larsen, Ishihara, and Frandsen. A comparative study of the wake models has been performed in several situations and configurations, single and multiple wakes are taken into consideration. Results from the Horns Rev1 offshore wind farm case have  been evaluated and compared to observational data, and also  with the previous studies. The power output of a row of WTs is sensitive to the wind direction. For example, if a row of ten turbines is aligned with the 270° wind direction, the full wake condition of WTs is reached and the power deficit limit predicted by Jensen model exceeds 70%. When a wind direction changes only of  10° (260° and 280°), the deficit limit reduces to 30%. The obtained results show that a significant power deficit occurs when the turbines are arranged in an aligned manner. The findings also showed that all four models gave acceptable predictions of the total power output. The comparison between the calculated and reported power output of Horns Revs 1 showed that the differences ranged from - 8.27 MW (12.49%) to 15.27 MW (23.06%) for the Larsen and Frandsen models, respectively.

Concurrent dual-band envelope tracking GaN PA design and its 2D shaping function characterization

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cidronali ◽  
Niccolò Giovannelli ◽  
Massimiliano Mercanti ◽  
Stefano Maddio ◽  
Gianfranco Manes
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Envelope Tracking ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Actual Signal ◽  
Function Characterization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

This paper presents the design of a high-power dual-band power amplifier (PA) for envelope tracking (ET) operation and its characterization in concurrent dual-band ET operation modes. The design approach relies on the specific actual signal probability distribution and the prototype was conceived for the WCDMA 3GPP DL signals. The paper discusses the impact of the ET-shaping function influence on the linearity versus mean efficiency trade-off, for both single and concurrent dual-band cases. The technique was applied to a concurrent 870 and 2140 MHz ET-PA designed around a GaN HEMT device. The ET friendly design method led to performance very close to those observed at each single band. Over a bandwidth of 100 MHz and for PAR = 6.5 dB, the measured results reported a mean DE better than 71 and 54%, with a peak power higher than 55 and 54 dBm, at the two frequency bands, respectively. When evaluated in concurrent dual-band mode with two WDCMA signals at 6.5 dB PAR each, the ET-PA exhibited an estimated average total power of 49.5 dBm with 57.1% average drain efficiency.

scholarly journals An Economical Energy Management Strategy for Viable Microgrid Modes

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Abid ◽  
Turki Ali Alghamdi ◽  
Abdul Haseeb ◽  
Zahid Wadud ◽  
Abrar Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Flower Pollination Algorithm ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Distributed Generator ◽  
Management Algorithm ◽  
Load Demand

In the last couple of decades, numerous energy management strategies have been devised to mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas emission, hence introducing the concept of microgrids. In a microgrid, distributed energy generators are used. Microgrid enables a point which ameliorates in exchanging power with the main grid during different times of day. Based on the system constraints, in this work, we aim to efficiently minimize the operating cost of the microgrid and shave the power consumption peaks. For this purpose, we introduce an improved binary bat (iBBat) algorithm which helps to schedule the load demand of smart homes and energy generation from distributed generator of microgrid to the load demand and supply. The proposed energy management algorithm is applied to both grid-connected and islanded modes of the microgrid. The constraints imposed on the algorithm ensure that the load of electricity consumer does not escalate during peak hours. The simulation results are compared with BBat and binary flower pollination algorithm, which validate that the iBBat reflects substantial reduction in operating cost of microgrid. Moreover, results also show a phenomenal reduction in the peak-to-average ratio of load demand from main the main grid.

scholarly journals AN ASSESSMENT OF POWER-USE PROFILE IN DESKTOP COMPUTERS

2014 ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
V. O FACHE ◽  
B. E UDOH
Keyword(s):  
Computer System ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Desktop Computer ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Desktop Computers

Knowing the actual power requirement of each individual component in a desktop computer is useful when sizing a power supply or when upgrading the PC. In this paper the power demand by various components within six different computer systems was investigated. Measurements of the actual current drawn from each voltage rail when idle and when in use were made and the data examined. The results obtained showed that the total power drawn at idle and on CPU load test was mainly due to the load demand on the +12V rails and this varied significantly between the computer systems; meanwhile +5V and +3.3V lines drew very little power and the total power consumed did not vary significantly between systems on idle state. The assessment revealed that it is highly unlikely that a modern computer system will ever overload either the +5V or +3.3V rails of an ATX12V 2.x compliant power supply; the +12 rails on the other hand, are very heavily used especially under load. Thus, it is very likely that the ratings for the +12V rails is more important than the total wattage rating when it comes choosing a power supply unit for a computer system.

Heat transfer analysis of three phase transformer considering unpredictable load demand changes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Afandi ◽  
Aripriharta ◽  
Yuni Rahmawati ◽  
Marji ◽  
Tri Kuncoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Demand Changes
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