scholarly journals Increased cardiovascular risk markers in obesity are associated with body adiposity: Role of leptin

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (06) ◽  
pp. 991-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Gómez-Ambrosi ◽  
Javier Salvador ◽  
Camilo Silva ◽  
Carlos Pastor ◽  
Fernando Rotellar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Von Willebrand

SummaryEpidemiological studies have shown that obesity is associated with increased blood concentrations of proinflammatory factors and markers of endothelial dysfunction such as fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), and von Willebrand factor (vWF). We analyzed the association of these markers with percentage of body fat (BF), and the influence of leptin in a cross-sectional study of 1,089 subjects (366 men) aged 44 (34–53) [median (interquartile range)] years, who were classified as obese or non-obese according to BF estimated by whole-body air displacement plethysmography. Obesity was defined as BF ≥ 25% in men and ≥ 35% in women. Compared with non-obese subjects (mean ± SD), obese patients had higher concentrations of fibrinogen (312± 78 vs. 342 ± 81 mg/dl, P < 0.001), CRP (0.41 ± 0.75 vs. 0.75± 1. 04 mg/l, P = 0.014), vWF (107 ± 29 vs. 123 ± 55%, P < 0.001), and leptin (10.4 ± 6.5 vs. 37.5 ± 26. 1 ng/ml, P < 0.0001). A positive correlation was observed between BF and fibrinogen (r = 0.266; P < 0.0001), logCRP (r = 0.409; P < 0.0001), and vWF (r = 206; P < 0.0001). Leptin was correlated with fibrinogen (r = 0.219, P < 0.0001), logCRP (r = 0.339, P < 0.0001), and vWF (r = 0.124, P = 0.002), but the statistical significance was lost after including BF in adjusted-correlation and multivariate analysis, suggesting that they are not regulated by leptin per se. In conclusion, the obesity-associated increase in the circulating concentrations of fibrinogen, CRP, and vWF is highly associated to BF and apparently not determined by leptin.

scholarly journals Factors associated with uremic pruritus

10.3823/2448 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariele Gobo-Oliveira ◽  
Vitoria G Pigari ◽  
Matheus S.P. Ogata ◽  
Hélio A. Miot ◽  
Daniela Ponce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Flux ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Uremic Pruritus ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: The etiopathogenesis of uremic pruritus (UP) is multifactorial aspect, and it is thus necessary to elucidate its associated factors to develop efficient therapeutics approaches. This study aimed to verify the prevalence of UP and its associated factors. Methods and Findings: Prospective and cross-sectional study with patients undergoing hemodialysis at a university public hospital. The data were obtained between April 2014 and April 2015. The statistical analysis was carried out using multivariate regression models, and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. A total of 164 patients were included, and pruritus was reported in 64 (39%). In the multivariate analysis, a higher creatinine level was risk factor for pruritus (β=1.09, 95% CI 1.00-1.19; p=0.048), as was a lower level of hemoglobin (β=0.85, 95% CI 0.73-0.99; p=0.043). Dyslipidemia (β=1.52, 95% CI 0.12-2.91; p=0.03), obesity (β=2.40, 95% CI 1.03-3.78; p=0.001), higher levels of C-reactive protein (β=0.26, 95% CI 0.19-0.34; p<0.001) and black race (β=1.49, 95% CI -2.57 and 0.42; p<0.006) were associated with a greater intensity of pruritus. The use of a high-flux dialyzer was associated with a lower intensity of pruritus (β=-1.69, 95% CI -3.05-0.34; p=0.01). Conclusion: Uremic pruritus has a high prevalence in hemodialysis patients, and the data suggest that the higher the creatinine and the lower the hemoglobin levels are, the greater the risk of developing pruritus is. Dyslipidemia, obesity, and higher levels of C-reactive protein were associated with a greater intensity of pruritus, whereas the use of a high-flux dialyzer was associated with lower pruritus intensity.

scholarly journals An anthropometry-based equation of fat mass percentage as a valid discriminator of obesity

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lilia V Castro-Porras ◽  
Mario E Rojas-Russell ◽  
Javier Villanueva-Sánchez ◽  
Malaquías López-Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Life Measurement ◽  
The Difference

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a new predictive equation for fat mass percentage (%FM) based on anthropometric measurements and to assess its ability to discriminate between obese and non-obese individuals.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingMexican adults.ParticipantsAdults (n 275; 181 women) aged 20–63 years with BMI between 17·4 and 42·4 kg/m2.ResultsThirty-seven per cent of our sample was obese using %FM measured by air-displacement plethysmography (BOD POD®; Life Measurement Instruments). The fat mass was computed from the difference between weight and fat-free mass (FFM). FFM was estimated using an equation obtained previously in the study from weight, height and sex of the individuals. The %FM estimated from the obtained FFM showed a sensitivity of 90·3 (95 % CI 86·8, 93·8) % and a specificity of 58·0 (95 % CI 52·1, 63·8) % in the diagnosis of obesity. Ninety-three per cent of participants with obesity and 65 % of participants without obesity were correctly classified.ConclusionsThe anthropometry-based equation obtained in the present study could be used as a screening tool in clinical and epidemiological studies not only to estimate the %FM, but also to discriminate the obese condition in populations with similar characteristics to the participant sample.

The Influence of Clinical Experience and Photographic Presentation on Age Assessment of Women

Gerontology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Rubek Nielsen ◽  
Allan Linneberg ◽  
Kaare Christensen ◽  
Julie Lyng Forman ◽  
Peter Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Assessment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Perceived Age ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Regression Towards The Mean

Background: Epidemiological studies have reported that a higher perceived age is associated with poor health and higher mortality. However, the method used for the assessment of perceived age differs between studies with regard to age, gender, the number and occupation of assessors as well as the presentation of participants. Objective: It is not known whether the clinical experience of the assessor or photographic presentation have an influence on the assessment of perceived age, which the present study aimed to investigate. Methods: In a cross-sectional study of 460 women aged 25-93 years, 10 consultants and 10 residents were asked to estimate the age of each participant using three different photographic presentations: facial photograph, whole-body photograph, and combined facial and whole-body photographs. Data were analyzed by means of summary statistics and linear mixed models. Results: The inter-class correlation coefficient within each assessor group and photographic presentation varied from 0.66 to 0.75. Limits of agreement were in a broad range but were similar in the two assessor groups. The best inter-assessor agreement was obtained from photographs of both the face and the whole body. Intra- and inter-assessor agreements between photographic presentations were similar among both assessor groups. The accuracy in age assessment was significantly influenced by the photographic presentation but not by the clinical experience of the assessor. The difference in the mean perceived age of a participant of average age was estimated as +0.40 years (95% CI: -1.80; 2.59) for consultants versus residents, -2.05 years (95% CI: -2.90; -1.19) for facial photographs versus both facial and whole-body photographs, and -1.44 years (95% CI: -2.30; -0.58) for whole-body photographs versus both facial and whole-body photographs. A regression towards the mean age was seen. Conclusion: The assessment of perceived age was influenced by the photographic presentation but not by the clinical experience of the assessor.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC INFLAMMATORY PROTEINS IN THE BLOOD AND URINE OF PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT PYELONEPHRITIS

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
L. Korol ◽  
N. Stepanova ◽  
L. Migal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Level ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Group I ◽  
Inflammatory Proteins

The aim of our study was to investigate the content of specific inflammatory proteins (C-reactive protein, fibronectin, cystatin C) in the blood and urine ofpatients with pyelonephritis, depending on the frequency of recurrences. Patients and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out and included 64 female patients with uncomplicated pyelonephritis, over 18 years (mean 32.3 ± 9 years). We determined C-reactive protein (CRP), fibronectin (FN), and cystatin C CysC) in the blood and urine of patients using test kits «Dialab» (Austria) by immunoturbidimetric method. After the examination patients were divided into II groups: I (n = 34) – women with recurrent pyelonephritis and II (n = 30) – patients with sporadic pyelonephritis (up to 2 times per year). Results. The patients of group I showed the highest level of blood concentrations of CysC (p = 0.02) and a decrease of FN (p = 0.01). We found an inverse correlation between the number of recurrences of pyelonephritis per year and the blood level of FN (r = -0.42, p = 0.007). In addition, we determined a strong direct correlation between the urinary FN and blood level of CysC (r = 0.6, p <0.0001). Conclusions. Decrease of FN and growth of CysC in the blood ofpatients with recurrent pyelonephritis is the result offrequent inflammatory activity. Determination of specific inflammatory proteins in the blood and urine ofpatients with pyelonephritis can be used as alternative markers for diagnosis and monitoring of disease

scholarly journals CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD)

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Adil Manzoor ◽  
Rashid Abasher
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is pretty common among the patients withCKD some studies suggesting it to be starting from CKD 3 when the egfr start falling from60 ml/min. The cause can be due to different reasons including race, obesity, nutrition, lackof exposure to sun, and not the least, decrease in 1,alpha hydroxylase once the gfr starts tofall significantly. Objectives: The hypothesis was that lower Vitamin D level will be associatedwith increased inflammatory burden and decreased immunological response. Study Design:This was a cross-sectional study looking at the relationship between Vitamin D level andinflammatory markers in CKD 4 Pts when egfr started falling from 30 ml/min. Study Design andDuration: The study was started in March 2016 and finished in May 2016 among consecutive100 CKD 4 patients coming to the clinic who were identified to be eligible for the study. Materialsand Methods: We looked at the relationship between Vitamin D level and markers of mineralbone disorder, similarly we also looked at the relationship between erythropoietin dosage,hemoglobin and Vitamin D levels. Erythropoietin dose, hemoglobin, transferrin saturation,were used to study the link between Vitamin D and markers of anemia. Hepatitis B surfaceantigen antibodies were measured to study the response between Vitamin D level and immuneresponse to Hep B vaccine. Results: Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in diabeticscompared to non-diabetics (P = 0.02) and lower in females compared to males (P = 0.009).No statistical significance was observed between Vitamin D levels and immune response tohepatitis B vaccine (P = 0.89), phosphate level (P= 0.1), calcium levels (P = 0.79), parathyroidhormone (PTH) levels (P = 0.57), C-reactive protein (P =0.19), serum albumin (P = 0.17),hemoglobin level (P = 0.18,) and erythropoietin requirement (P = 0.87).Conclusions VitaminD deficiency is highly prevalent in advanced CKD in Saudi Arabia. A RCT is recommendedregarding response to vitamin D supplementation.

scholarly journals Inflammation is Associated with Vascular Remodeling - Repairing Balances in Hypertensive Obese Subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Lies Gantini ◽  
Syakib Bakri ◽  
Andi Wijaya ◽  
Anwar Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

BACKGROUND: Hypertension and obesity are proinflammatory conditions. Vascular remodeling is one of the pathomechanisms reflecting increased cardiovascular (CV) risks and represented as ratio of MMP-9 and sVEGFR-2 concentration. There is no association confirmed between inflammation and remodeling yet. This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between inflammation and vascular remodeling-repairing balances in hypertensive obese subjects.METHODS: This was a cross–sectional study recruited 34 hypertensive obese subjects and 10 hypertensive non obese subjects. They had no antihypertensive medications, neither diabetics nor renal disease and nor acute inflammation detected. Inflammation was assessed as increased hsCRP concentration. Vascular remodeling and repairing were consecutively represented by ratio of MMP-9 and sVEGFR-2.RESULTS: Concentration of hsCRP and MMP-9 were significantly higher in hypertensive obese group than non obese group (2.094±1.90 vs. 0.714±0.40 mg/L; p=0.029; 363.43±143.64 vs. 261.15±61.13 ng/mL, p=0.035, respectively), nonetheless no significant differences of sVEGFR-2 concentration (9.77±2.30 vs. 9.76±1.38 pg/mL, p=0.980) found in both groups. Ratio of MMP-9/sVEGFR-2 was significantly higher in hypertensive obese group than those in non-obese group (38.67±16 vs. 27.22±10, p=0.038). Likewise, they had more subjects with ratio of MMP-9/sVEGFR-2 ≥31.53. This figure is considered as cut-off point of vascular remodeling versus repairing.CONCLUSION: In hypertensive obese subjects, inflammation was activated and vascular remodeling more dominant than repairing process. Inflammation was associated with increased remodeling-repairing balances.KEYWORDS: Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), soluble Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (sVEGFR-2), high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP).

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasites among food handlers in Medebay Zana District, North West Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kebrom Regassa ◽  
Kiros Tedla ◽  
Gessessew Bugssa ◽  
Gebretsadkan Gebrekirstos ◽  
Hailay Gebreyesus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Handler ◽  
P Value ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West

Abstract Introduction Several epidemiological studies suggest that the prevalence of intestinal parasites is high, especially in developing countries, and are amongst the major public healthchallenges facing Sub-Saharan Africa.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and its associated factors among food handlers in Woreda Medebay Zana, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 401 food handler individuals selected by systematic random sampling.Binary and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the possible association between the independent variable and outcome variables. Statistical significance was declared at p- value <0.05 with 95% confidence interval. Result The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 33.2% within this sample.The dominant parasite were Entamoeba coli 50(37.4%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 24(18%), Entamoeba hartmanni 18(13.5), Giardia lamblia 17(12.8%), Schistosoma mansoni 8(6%), Hymenolepis nana 7(5.3%), Enterviousvermicularies 6(4.5%) and Taenia species 3(2.5%). Conclusion This study revealed a high prevalence of intestinal parasites among food handlers for a range of intestinal parasites. The significant predictors weresource of water, washing hands before food preparation, washing hands with soap and water after visiting toilet, shower installation, washing body regularly, and eating raw vegetables.

scholarly journals Is exposure to ionising radiation associated with childhood cardiac arrhythmia in the Russian territories contaminated by the Chernobyl fallout? A cross-sectional population-based study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e019031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Rene Jourdain ◽  
Geraldine Landon ◽  
Enora Clero ◽  
Vladimir Doroshchenko ◽  
Aleksandr Silenok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrhythmia ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chernobyl Fallout ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crude Prevalence

ObjectiveTo investigate childhood cardiac arrhythmia and chronic exposure to caesium-137 (137Cs) resulting from the Chernobyl accident.DesignProspective cross-sectional study using exposed/unexposed design conducted in the Bryansk region from May 2009 to May 2013 on children selected on the basis of137Cs soil deposition: control territories ([137Cs]<37 kBq per square metre, where children were considered as unexposed) and contaminated territories ([137Cs]>555 kBq per square metre, where children were considered as exposed).SettingRussian territories affected by the Chernobyl fallout (Bryansk region).ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study included 18 152 children aged 2–18 years and living in the Bryansk region (Russia).Main outcome measuresAll children received three medical examinations (ECG, echocardiography and137Cs whole-body activity measurement) and some of them were given with a 24-hour Holter monitoring and blood tests.ResultsCardiac arrhythmia was diagnosed in 1172 children living in contaminated territories and 1354 children living in control territories. The crude prevalence estimated to 13.3% in contaminated territories was significantly lower than in control territories with 15.2% over the period 2009–2013 (P<0.001). Considering137Cs whole-body burden as exposure, cardiac arrhythmia was found in 449 contaminated children and 2077 uncontaminated children, corresponding to an estimated crude prevalence of 14.5% and 14.2%, respectively, which does not differ significantly (P=0.74). Also, we investigated the association between territory, exposure to137Cs and cardiac arrhythmia: the adjusted OR was not significant (0.90 with 95% CI 0.81 to 1.00; P=0.06) for the territory. For137Cs whole-body burden, the ORs close to 1 did not reach statistical significance (P for trend=0.97).ConclusionThis study does not observe an association between cardiac arrhythmia and137Cs deposition levels in the Bryansk region exposed to Chernobyl fallout. The suspected increase of cardiac arrhythmia in children exposed to Chernobyl fallout is not confirmed.

Obesity Is Associated with Greater Valgus Knee Alignment in Pubertal Children, and Higher Body Mass Index Is Associated with Greater Variability in Knee Alignment in Girls

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Bout-Tabaku ◽  
Justine Shults ◽  
Babette S. Zemel ◽  
Mary B. Leonard ◽  
Robert I. Berkowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Valgus Knee ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Knee Alignment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Obese Subjects

Objective.In adults, osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with obesity and knee alignment. Whether knee alignment differences develop during childhood and are associated with obesity is unknown. We assessed the distribution of knee alignment in children and adolescents, and determined how knee alignment differs between obese and nonobese children.Methods.This cross-sectional study examined knee alignment in 155 healthy weight and 165 obese subjects. Knee alignment [metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle (MDA) and anterior tibiofemoral angle (ATFA)] and fat mass were measured using whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). National reference data were used to generate age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) Z-scores. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify independent factors associated with ATFA and MDA.Results.The mean MDA and ATFA were similar between obese and nonobese subjects. In stratified analyses, females had greater variability in MDA and ATFA values (p < 0.001 and p = 0.04, respectively) at higher BMI Z-scores. Compared with healthy weight controls, obese subjects had less valgus of the MDA prior to the onset of puberty (+ 2.0°, p = 0.001), but had greater valgus at later pubertal stages (−1.9°, p = 0.01).Conclusion.We found significantly greater variability in knee alignment among females at higher BMI Z-scores, and greater valgus alignment in obese adolescents in late puberty. The major limitation is the use of DEXA for assessment of alignment, which needs validation against longstanding radiographs. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether childhood obesity is a risk factor for progressive malalignment that may predispose to pain and risk of early osteoarthritis.

Clinical Utility of the Ankle-Brachial Index and Toe Brachial Index in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutasem Ababneh ◽  
Mousab Y. Al Ayed ◽  
Asirvatham A. Robert ◽  
Mohamed A. Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Toe Brachial Index

Background: This cross sectional study investigated the clinical use of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and toe brachial index (TBI) in 91 type 2 diabetic foot ulcer patients who visited the diabetic foot clinic, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia during July 2017 and January 2018. Materials and Methods: The ABI and TBI facilitated the detection of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and the patients’ medical records were used to collect the clinical and demographic variables. The variables of duration (p = 0.047) and treatment (p = 0.046) of the ABI showed significant differences. Age (p = 0.034) and duration (p = 0.001) were the factors related to the diagnosis of TBI by the “χ2” test. Results: From the TBI, 26.4% of the patients were found to have PAD, while the ABI showed that 21.8% of patients had the condition. However, no statistical significance was noted. From the regression analysis, the variable duration of diabetes (≥ 20 years of age) was recognized as an independent risk factor for TBI. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is recommended both the ABI and TBI to be used as screening tests for PAD in diabetic foot ulcer patients.

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