JAM-C maintains VEGR2 expression to promote retinal pigment epithelium cell survival under oxidative stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (04) ◽  
pp. 750-757
Author(s):  
Xin Jia ◽  
Chen Zhao ◽  
Qishan Chen ◽  
Yuxiang Du ◽  
Lijuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Rpe Cells

SummaryJunctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C) has been shown to play critical roles during development and in immune responses. However, its role in adult eyes under oxidative stress remains poorly understood. Here, we report that JAM-C is abundantly expressed in adult mouse retinae and choroids in vivo and in cultured retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor cells in vitro. Importantly, both JAM-C expression and its membrane localisation are downregulated by H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Under H2O2-induced oxidative stress, JAM-C is critically required for the survival of human RPE cells. Indeed, loss of JAM-C by siRNA knockdown decreased RPE cell survival. Mechanistically, we show that JAM-C is required to maintain VEGFR2 expression in RPE cells, and VEGFR2 plays an important role in keeping the RPE cells viable since overexpression of VEGFR2 partially restored impaired RPE survival caused by JAM-C knockdown and increased RPE survival. We further show that JAM-C regulates VEGFR2 expression and, in turn, modulates p38 phosphorylation. Together, our data demonstrate that JAM-C plays an important role in maintaining VEGR2 expression to promote RPE cell survival under oxidative stress. Given the vital importance of RPE in the eye, approaches that can modulate JAM-C expression may have therapeutic values in treating diseases with impaired RPE survival.

The cytoskeletal elements of human retinal pigment epithelium: in vitro and in vivo

1988 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-312
Author(s):  
N.M. McKechnie ◽  
M. Boulton ◽  
H.L. Robey ◽  
F.J. Savage ◽  
I. Grierson
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Cytokeratin 18 ◽  
Rpe Cells ◽  
Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements

The cytoskeletal elements of normal (in situ) and cultured human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were studied by a variety of immunocytochemical techniques. Primary antibodies to vimentin and cytokeratins were used. Positive immunoreactivity for vimentin was obtained with in situ and cultured material. The pattern of reactivity obtained with antisera and monoclonals to cytokeratins was more complex. Cytokeratin immunoreactivity could be demonstrated in situ and in cultured cells. The pattern of cytokeratin expression was similar to that of simple or glandular epithelia. A monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes cytokeratin 18 identified a population of cultured RPE cells that had particularly well-defined filamentous networks within their cytoplasm. Freshly isolated RPE was cytokeratin 18 negative by immunofluorescence, but upon culture cytokeratin 18 positive cells were identifiable. Cytokeratin 18 positive cells were identified in all RPE cultures (other than early primaries), regardless of passage number, age or sex of the donor. In post-confluent cultures cytokeratin 18 cells were identified growing over cytokeratin 18 negative cells, suggesting an association of cytokeratin 18 immunoreactivity with cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence studies of retinal scar tissue from two individuals revealed the presence of numerous cytokeratin 18 positive cells. These findings indicate that RPE cells can be identified by their cytokeratin immunoreactivity and that the overt expression of cytokeratin 18 may be associated with proliferation of human RPE both in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals A ROCK Inhibitor Promotes Graft Survival during Transplantation of iPS-Cell-Derived Retinal Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3237
Author(s):  
Masaaki Ishida ◽  
Sunao Sugita ◽  
Kenichi Makabe ◽  
Shota Fujii ◽  
Yoko Futatsugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Rpe Cells ◽  
Rpe Transplantation

Currently, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) transplantation includes sheet and single-cell transplantation, the latter of which includes cell death and may be highly immunogenic, and there are some issues to be improved in single-cell transplantation. Y-27632 is an inhibitor of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), the downstream kinase of Rho. We herein investigated the effect of Y-27632 in vitro on retinal pigment epithelium derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS-RPE cells), and also its effects in vivo on the transplantation of iPS-RPE cell suspensions. As a result, the addition of Y-27632 in vitro showed suppression of apoptosis, promotion of cell adhesion, and higher proliferation and pigmentation of iPS-RPE cells. Y-27632 also increased the viability of the transplant without showing obvious retinal toxicity in human iPS-RPE transplantation into monkey subretinal space in vivo. Therefore, it is possible that ROCK inhibitors can improve the engraftment of iPS-RPE cell suspensions after transplantation.

scholarly journals In Vitro Gene Delivery in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells by Plasmid DNA-Wrapped Gold Nanoparticles

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trigueros ◽  
Domènech ◽  
Toulis ◽  
Marfany
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell ◽  
Inherited Retinal Dystrophies ◽  
Gold Nps

Many rare diseases course with affectation of neurosensory organs. Among them, the neuroepithelial retina is very vulnerable due to constant light/oxidative stress, but it is also the most accessible and amenable to gene manipulation. Currently, gene addition therapies targeting retinal tissue (either photoreceptors or the retinal pigment epithelium), as a therapy for inherited retinal dystrophies, use adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based approaches. However, efficiency and safety of therapeutic strategies are relevant issues that are not always resolved in virus-based gene delivery and alternative methodologies should be explored. Based on our experience, we are currently assessing the novel physical properties at the nanoscale of inorganic gold nanoparticles for delivering genes to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as a safe and efficient alternative approach. In this work, we present our preliminary results using DNA-wrapped gold nanoparticles (DNA-gold NPs) for successful in vitro gene delivery on human retinal pigment epithelium cell cultures, as a proof-of-principle to assess its feasibility for retina in vivo gene delivery. Our results show faster expression of a reporter gene in cells transfected with DNA-gold NPs compared to DNA-liposome complexes. Furthermore, we show that the DNA-gold NPs follow different uptake, internalization and intracellular vesicle trafficking routes compared to pristine NPs.

scholarly journals Overexpression of CERKL Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelium Mitochondria from Oxidative Stress Effects

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2018
Author(s):  
Rocío García-Arroyo ◽  
Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro ◽  
Francesc Villarroya ◽  
Gemma Marfany ◽  
Serena Mirra
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Mitochondrial Network ◽  
Causative Gene ◽  
Rpe Cells

The precise function of CERKL, a Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) causative gene, is not yet fully understood. There is evidence that CERKL is involved in the regulation of autophagy, stress granules, and mitochondrial metabolism, and it is considered a gene that is resilient against oxidative stress in the retina. Mutations in most RP genes affect photoreceptors, but retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells may be also altered. Here, we aimed to analyze the effect of CERKL overexpression and depletion in vivo and in vitro, focusing on the state of the mitochondrial network under oxidative stress conditions. Our work indicates that the depletion of CERKL increases the vulnerability of RPE mitochondria, which show a shorter size and altered shape, particularly upon sodium arsenite treatment. CERKL-depleted cells have dysfunctional mitochondrial respiration particularly upon oxidative stress conditions. The overexpression of two human CERKL isoforms (558 aa and 419 aa), which display different protein domains, shows that a pool of CERKL localizes at mitochondria in RPE cells and that CERKL protects the mitochondrial network—both in size and shape—against oxidative stress. Our results support CERKL being a resilient gene that regulates the mitochondrial network in RPE as in retinal neurons and suggest that RPE cell alteration contributes to particular phenotypic traits in patients carrying CERKL mutations.

scholarly journals Grape Seed Proanthocyanindin Extract Moderated Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cellular Senescence Through NAMPT/SIRT1/NLRP3 Pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wu ◽  
Sanyou Dai ◽  
Yang Long ◽  
Hongzhuo Liu ◽  
Weiwei Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Rpe Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Homeostasis

Abstract Background: Cellular senescence of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell was an important cause of degenerative retinal disorders, however, the potential effects of grape seed proanthocyanindin extract (GSPE) through regulating NAMPT/SIRT1/NLRP3 pathway remained unclear.Methods: The effects of GSPE on the cellular senescence biomarkers as well as NAMPT and NAD+ contents were detected in both in-vivo and in-vitro RPE cell models. The protection of GSPE treatment on the mitochondrial homeostasis and barrier function of RPE cells were detected with mtDNA lesions, JC-1 staining, ZO1 expression, trans-epithelial cell resistance (TEER) as well as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) expressions. The GSPE treatment with NAMPT inhibitor, Fk866, and SIRT1 inhibitor, EX-527, was used in the potential NAMPT/SIRT1/NLRP3 mechanism detection.Results: GSPE significantly improve the NAMPT and NAD+ content in aging mice and thus alleviated the RPE cellular senescence. In advanced in-vitro studies, GSPE could be an activator of NAMPT and thus relieved H2O2 induced NAD+ depression. In advanced analyses, it was reported that GSPE could alleviate mitochondrial homeostasis, barrier function and SASP of aging RPE cells. Thus, detection the SASP in in-vitro aging model provided us knowledge in the understanding of the anti-aging role of GSPE and following detailed pathological mechanism analyses demonstrated that GSPE demonstrated the protective effects in aging RPE cells through NAMPT/SIRT1/NLRP3 pathway.Conclusions: These findings indicate that GSPE alleviated cellular senescence both in-vivo and in-vitro through NAMPT/SIRT1/NLRP3 pathway. This study highlighted the importance both the potential GSPE in degenerative retinopathy as well as the crosstalk of NAD+ metabolism, SIRT1 function and NLRP3 activation.

scholarly journals Fucoxanthin Pretreatment Ameliorates Visible Light-Induced Phagocytosis Disruption of RPE Cells under a Lipid-Rich Environment via the Nrf2 Pathway

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Yunjun Liu ◽  
Zixin Guo ◽  
Shengnan Wang ◽  
Yixiang Liu ◽  
Ying Wei
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Rpe Cells ◽  
Retinal Injury ◽  
Nrf2 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Ameliorative Effect

Fucoxanthin, a special xanthophyll derived from marine algae, has increasingly attracted attention due to its diverse biological functions. However, reports on its ocular benefits are still limited. In this work, the ameliorative effect of fucoxanthin on visible light and lipid peroxidation-induced phagocytosis disruption in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells was investigated in vitro. Marked oxidative stress, inflammation, and phagocytosis disruption were evident in differentiated RPE cells following their exposure to visible light under a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich environment. Following pretreatment with fucoxanthin, however, the activated nuclear factor erythroid-derived-2-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway was observed and, furthermore, when the fucoxanthin -pretreated RPE cells were irradiated with visible light, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and inflammation were obviously suppressed, while phagocytosis was significantly improved. However, following the addition of Nrf2 inhibitor ML385, the fucoxanthin exhibited no ameliorative effects on the oxidative stress, inflammation, and phagocytosis disruption in the RPE cells, thus indicating that the ameliorative effect of fucoxanthin on the phagocytosis of RPE cells is closely related to the Nrf2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, these results suggest that fucoxanthin supplementation might be beneficial to the prevention of visible light-induced retinal injury.

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