scholarly journals Smoking cessation during pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Josiane Luzia Dias-Damé ◽  
Ana Cristina Lindsay ◽  
Juraci Almeida Cesar
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic

OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of smoking cessation during pregnancy and to identify factors associated with its occurrence. METHODS: The present survey included all puerperal women living in the municipality of Rio Grande, RS, whose birth occurred between January 1 and December 31, 2013. A single standardized questionnaire was applied, in the hospital, within 48 hours of delivery. Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking cessation among the 598 parturients studied was 24.9% (95%CI 21.5–28.6). After adjusting for confounding factors, mothers aged 13 to 19 years (PR = 1.76; 95%CI 1.13–2.74), who had higher family income (PR = 1.83; 95%CI, 1.23–2.72), higher educational level (PR = 2.79; 95%CI 1.27–6.15), higher number of prenatal appointments (PR = 1.84; 95%CI 1.11–3.05), and who did not smoke in the previous pregnancy (PR = 2.93; 95% CI, 1.95–4.41) presented a higher prevalence ratio of smoking cessation. CONCLUSIONS: Although pregnancy is a window of opportunity for smoking cessation, the rate of cessation was low. The prevalence of cessation was higher among mothers with lower risk of complications, suggesting the need for interventions prioritizing pregnant women of lower socioeconomic levels.

Non-performance of urinalysis among pregnant women in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
Juraci A. Cesar ◽  
Luana P. Marmitt ◽  
Alessandra C. Dziekaniak ◽  
Sabrina S. Leite ◽  
Otávio A. Leão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Urine Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
Effect Measure ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Prenatal Visits

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure the prevalence, evaluate the trend and identify the factors associated with the non-performance of qualitative urine test (QUT) among pregnant women living in the extreme south of Brazil between 2007 and 2016. Design/methodology/approach All births occurred in the local maternity wards from January 1 to December 31 of 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2016. Mothers were interviewed within 48h after delivery. The outcome was the non-performance of QUT during pregnancy. χ2 test was used to compare proportions and Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment for the multivariate analysis. The effect measure used was the prevalence ratio. Findings Of the 10,331 new mothers identified, 10,004 (96.8 percent) performed at least one prenatal visit. The prevalence of non-performance of QUT was 3.3 percent (95% CI 2.9–3.7 percent), ranging from 1.5 percent in 2007 to 5.3 percent in 2016 (p<0.001). The analysis showed that not living with a companion, having under four years of schooling, living with seven or more people in the household, having five or more children, having had one to three prenatal visits and not having been supplemented with ferrous sulfate during pregnancy showed a significantly higher prevalence rate to the non-performance of QUT. Originality/value The rate of non-performance of this test among pregnant women has clearly increased. Mothers at higher risk of unfavorable outcomes in pregnancy were the ones with the highest probability of not performing QUT. Increasing the number of prenatal visits is a high-impact measure toward the performance of this test.

scholarly journals Factors associated with changes in self-reported dentifrice consumption in a brazilian group from 1996 and 2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Grafitti Colussi ◽  
Alex Nogueira Haas ◽  
Rui Vicente Oppermann ◽  
Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
The Family ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The aim of the study was to determine factors associated with changes in self-reported dentifrice consumption in an urban population group over 13 years. This study evaluated two surveys of 671 and 688 households sampled in the urban area of a city from Southern Brazil in 1996 and 2009, respectively. The mother of the family was asked to answer a structured questionnaire about demographics, socioeconomic and behavioral variables. The primary outcome was obtained by questioning "how long does a dentifrice tube last in your house?" The cut-off point of duration was less than 1 month. It was used to determine high consumption of dentifrice (HCD). Associations between HCD and independent variables were evaluated by multivariable Poisson regression. There was a significant decrease of 20% (81.2% to 61.2%) in the prevalence of HCD between 1996 and 2009, resulting in a crude annual decrease of 1.54%. Mother's age, family income, dental assistance, mother's brushing frequency and number of household members that use a toothbrush were significantly associated with HCD independent from the year of survey. The prevalence ratio (PR) of HCD for the year of survey was 0.75, indicating an overall decrease of 25% in the probability of HCD from 1996 to 2009. Probabilities of HCD also decreased over the 13 years among the strata of education, number of household members and reason for choice of dentifrice. It may be concluded that the factors associated with the observed decrease were higher educational levels, larger number of household members and reasons for choosing a dentifrice related to preventive/therapeutic effects.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Carious Lesions in Permanent First Molars in Children: A Seven-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1421
Author(s):  
Carmen Llena ◽  
Elena Calabuig ◽  
José Luis Sanz ◽  
Maria Melo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization

The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with the occurrence of caries in permanent teeth (PT) and in the permanent first molar (PFM) seven years after their eruption. Children born in 2005 who were enrolled in a Community Dental Program were included. A total of 278 children were enrolled. Evaluated risk factors were parental caries experience, educational level of the mother, routine medications, systemic diseases, dietary habits, toothbrushing frequency, existence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in the PT, and caries in the temporary teeth (TT). Associations between independent variables and the DMF-T (decayed, missing, and filled teeth in PT) and DMF-M (DMF in PFM) indices, only considering cavitated and non-cavitated carious lesions or cavitated carious lesions as outcomes, were evaluated by Poisson regression with robust variance analysis. A cariogenic diet (sweets and soft drinks), toothbrushing frequency of <1 a day, a presence of df-t (decayed and filled temporary teeth) score of >0, low educational level of the mother, and existence of MIH were associated with high DMF-T or DMF-M values (p < 0.05). We can conclude that the intake of sweets and soft drinks, toothbrushing frequency, the presence of caries in TT, and MIH in PT were the best predictors of the occurrence of caries in PT and PFM.

Racial Disparities and Outcomes After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation as Bridge to Transplantation or Destination Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis K. Okoh ◽  
Olivia Chan ◽  
Molly Schultheis ◽  
Setri Fugar ◽  
Nathan Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Destination Therapy ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Assist Device ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Left Ventricular Assist

Objective We sought to investigate outcomes after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation in advanced heart failure patients stratified by race. Methods Patients who had LVADs inserted at a single center as a bridge to transplant (BTT) or destination therapy (DT) were divided into 3 groups based on race: Caucasian, African American (AA), and Hispanic. Postoperative outcomes including complications, discharge disposition, and survival at defined time points were compared. Cox proportional hazards were used to identify factors associated with 1-year all-cause survival. Results A total of 158 patients who had LVADs as BTT ( n = 63) and DT ( n = 95) were studied. Of these, 56% ( n = 89) were Caucasians, 35% ( n = 55) were AA, and 9% ( n = 14) were Hispanics. AA patients had higher BMI and lower socioeconomic status and educational level, and were more likely to be single or divorced. Operative outcomes were similar among all 3 groups. Unadjusted 30-day, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year survival rates for Caucasians versus AA versus Hispanics were 82% versus 89% versus 93%, P = 0.339; 74% versus 80% versus 71%, P = 0.596; 67% versus 76% versus 71%, P = 0.511; and 56% versus 62% versus 68%, P = 0.797. On multivariate analysis, device-related infection, malfunction, and abnormal rhythm were factors associated with overall all-cause mortality. Conclusion AA patients who undergo LVAD implantation as BTT or DT have lower socioeconomic status and educational level compared to their Caucasian or Hispanic counterparts. These differences, however, do not translate into postimplant survival outcomes.

scholarly journals Factors associated with HIV and syphilis screenings among pregnant women at first antenatal visit in Lusaka, Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rindcy Davis ◽  
Xu Xiong ◽  
Fernando Althabe ◽  
John Lefante ◽  
Maria Luisa Cafferata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Syphilis Screening

Abstract Objectives To identify characteristics associated with obtaining HIV and syphilis screenings of pregnant women attending a first antenatal visit in Lusaka, Zambia. Results Among 18,231 participants from April 2015 to January 2016, 95% obtained HIV screening, 29% obtained syphilis screening, and 4% did not obtain antenatal HIV or syphilis screenings. Divorced/separated women were associated with a moderate decrease in prevalence of obtaining HIV (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.82, 0.95) and syphilis (aPR 0.51, 95% CI 0.27, 0.96) screenings compared to married women. Women with previous pregnancies were associated with a slight decrease in prevalence of obtaining HIV screening (aPR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95, 0.99) compared to women without previous pregnancy. Older women ≥ 35 years were associated with a slight decrease in prevalence of obtaining HIV screening (aPR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92, 0.99) compared to younger women. The statistically significant differences were not of clinical relevance as defined by a proportional difference of 10 percent. Findings of this study show that a vast majority of pregnant women are obtaining HIV screenings but not syphilis screenings during first antenatal visit. Provision of antenatal HIV and syphilis screening at first visit is only weakly related to patient level factors.

scholarly journals Factors associated with breastfeeding in the first year of life in Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Marcielle J Rodrigues ◽  
Lalucha Mazzucchetti ◽  
Paola Soledad Mosquera ◽  
Marly A Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
First Year ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
National Estimates ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Objectives: to investigate the factors associated with continued breastfeeding (BF). Methods: All the parturients at a local maternity from July 2015 to June 2016 were invited to participate in a cohort study in Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre. Data on socioeconomic, demographic, obstetric and neonatal of the babies were obtained for the interview. Multiple Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: among the 1551 mothers contacted, 305 lived in the rural area, leaving 1,246 eligible mothers living in urban area. For the 1-year cohort follow-up, 74 non-twin babies were assessed. Most of the mothers reported to have mixed skin color (79%), are over 21 years old (72°%o), more than 10 years of schooling (72%>) and with unpaying job (54%). The children’s age ranged from 10 to 15 months. The frequency of continued breastfeeding was 69,4%> (95%oCI=66.0-72.6). The factors negatively associated with continued breastfeeding were the use of bottle feeding (PR=1.44; CI95%> =1,33-1.56) and pacifier (PR=2.54; CI95%> =1.98-3.27), after adjusting for maternal age and socioeconomic variables. Conclusion: the frequency of continued breastfeeding in Cruzeiro do Sul was higher than the national estimates, but below the WHO recommendations for breastfeeding up to two years of age.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and sociodemographic factors associated with COVID-19 infection in pregnant women in a maternal and children's public hospital

Medwave ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (07) ◽  
pp. e8442-e8442
Author(s):  
Yda Rodriguez Huaman ◽  
Pavel J Contreras ◽  
Michelle Lozada-Urbano
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Factors Associated

Objective To describe the clinical characteristics and sociodemographic factors associated with COVID-19 among pregnant women in a maternal and children's hospital in Lima, Peru. Methods Quantitative observational study. The population under study consisted of pregnant women who attended an emergency room and had a COVID-19 test. These women were assessed for age, gestational age, place of origin, occupation, education, marital status, number of children, previous body mass index, gestational body mass index, tetanus vaccination, prenatal controls, and hemoglobin. After bivariate analysis, a generalized linear regression model was applied. Results We included 200 women aged between 18 and 34 years (84.5%) with a median gestational age of 36 weeks. More than half were from Lima (52.5%), most were housewives (79%), had high school education (71.9%), and had a cohabiting marital status (60%). The COVID-19 test positivity was 31.5% by rapid tests. Pregestational body mass index assessment showed that 36.7% of normal weight, 38,1% of overweight, and 30.3% of obese pregnant women had COVID-19 infection. 39.7% of patients with hemoglobin levels greater than or equal to 11 g/dL, 21.2% of patients with values between 10 and 10.9 g/dL, and 20% of patients with values between 7 and 9.9 g/dL had COVID-19 infection. The prevalence ratio (with a 95% confidence interval) found that cohabitation was associated with a lower risk of having COVID-19 infection in pregnant women (prevalence ratio: 0.41, p < 0.001). Conclusion Cohabiting pregnant women had a lower risk of COVID-19 infection compared with other marital statuses. Further research is needed to evaluate COVID-19 associated factors in pregnant women and possible sociodemographic or economic factors behind cohabiting marital status association among this population.

Smoking Cessation and Coronary Artery Calcification in CKD

2021 ◽  
pp. CJN.15751020
Author(s):  
Mi Jung Lee ◽  
Jung Tak Park ◽  
Tae Ik Chang ◽  
Young Su Joo ◽  
Tae-Hyun Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Agatston Score ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers

Background and objectivesSmoking is associated with vascular calcification and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the association of smoking dose and cessation with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in patients with CKD.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsFrom a nationwide, prospective cohort of Korean patients with CKD, 1914 participants were included. Prevalent CAC was defined as an Agatston score >0, using computed tomography. CAC progression was defined as ≥30%/yr increase in Agatston score at the 4-year follow-up examination in patients with baseline CAC.ResultsPrevalent CAC was observed in 952 (50%) patients. Compared with never smokers, former smokers had a similar prevalence ratio for CAC, but current smokers had a 1.25-fold higher prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.10 to 1.42). Among former smokers, a lower smoking load of <10 pack-years (prevalence ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.90) and longer duration of smoking cessation (prevalence ratio for 10 to <20 years, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.98: prevalence ratio for ≥20 years, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.96) were associated with lower risk of prevalent CAC compared with current smoking. The prevalence ratios did not differ between never smoking and long-term cessation. However, short-term cessation with heavy smoking load was associated with a higher risk of prevalent CAC (prevalence ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.40) compared with never smoking. CAC progression was observed in 111 (33%) patients with baseline CAC. Compared with never smokers, former smokers showed a similar risk of CAC progression, but current smokers had a higher risk (relative risk, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.86).ConclusionsIn CKD, former smoking with a lower smoking load and long-term cessation were associated with a lower risk of prevalent CAC than current smoking. CAC progression was more pronounced in current smokers.

scholarly journals High susceptibility to varicella among urban and rural pregnant women in South India: a brief report

2021 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leeberk Raja Inbaraj ◽  
Sindhulina Chandrasingh ◽  
Nalini Arun Kumar ◽  
Jothi Suchitra ◽  
Abi Manesh
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
South India ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secondary Hospital

Abstract Varicella infection during pregnancy has serious and/or difficult implications and in some cases lethal outcome. Though epidemiological studies in developing countries reveal that a significant proportion of patients may remain susceptible during pregnancy, such an estimate of susceptible women is not known in India. We designed this study to study the prevalence and factors associated with susceptibility to varicella among rural and urban pregnant women in South India. We prospectively recruited 430 pregnant women and analysed their serum varicella IgG antibodies as surrogates for protection. We estimated seroprevalence, the validity of self-reported history of chickenpox and factors associated with varicella susceptibility. We found 23 (95% CI 19.1–27.3) of women were susceptible. Nearly a quarter (22.2%) of the susceptible women had a history of exposure to chickenpox anytime in the past or during the current pregnancy. Self-reported history of varicella had a positive predictive value of 82.4%. Negative history of chickenpox (adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) 1.85, 95% CI 1.15–3.0) and receiving antenatal care from a rural secondary hospital (adjusted PR 4.08, 95% CI 2.1–7.65) were significantly associated with susceptibility. We conclude that high varicella susceptibility rates during pregnancy were noted and self-reported history of varicella may not be a reliable surrogate for protection.

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