scholarly journals Hepatitis B prevalence in Brazilian waste pickers: a systematic review with meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Gabriel Souza-Silva ◽  
Marcos Paulo Gomes Mol
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
Informal Recycling ◽  
Hbv Prevalence ◽  
Waste Pickers

OBJECTIVE: To describe the hepatitis B prevalence in Brazilian waste pickers. METHODS: We performed a literature search in the SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed and Web of Science databases using the descriptors: “hepatitis B” AND (“informal recycling” OR “waste picker” OR “recyclable waste collectors” OR “solid waste segregator”) AND (“recyclable waste” OR “solid waste”) AND Brazil. Epidemiological studies on HBV in Brazilian waste pickers published prior to February 2020 were included and evaluated for quality and bias using a funnel plot. RESULTS: This meta-analysis consisted of five articles. Prevalence of HBV surface antigen seropositivity was 14% (95%CI: 6%–22%) in Brazilian waste pickers. CONCLUSION: HBV prevalence in Brazilian waste pickers remains high. There should be more campaigns showing the importance of vaccination and personal protective equipment use.

scholarly journals Association Between Income and Hepatitis B Seroprevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Ding ◽  
Xueying Sun ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Ling Yang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Risk Effects ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
Hepatitis B Prevention

Context: Hepatitis B serology is very important for both diagnosis and treatment of the diseases. However, evidence regarding the association between income and hepatitis B seroprevalence are not sufficient to make a definitive conclusion. Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between income inequality and hepatitis B seroprevalence. Methods: We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify all relevant epidemiological studies published up to February 10, 2020. A categorical meta-analysis was applied to pool risk effects of income on hepatitis B seroprevalence. Results: A total of 1525 pieces of literature related to income level and hepatitis B seroprevalence were retrieved, of which 10 articles were finally included. The results revealed a borderline risk (OR: 1.14, 95%CI: 1.00 - 1.30) for hepatitis B seroprevalence (positive for one or more seromarkers) among low-income groups. A significant income effect was observed for HBsAg seroprevalence with a 28% higher risk for low income versus high cases (OR: 1.28, 95%CI: 1.16 - 1.41). However, no statistically significant associations were found between seroprevalence of Anti-HBs, Anti-HBc, and income. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that low income may increase the risk of hepatitis B seroprevalence, especially for HBsAg seroprevalence. Programs on hepatitis B prevention should focus on those with low income. Further studies are warranted to establish causality.

scholarly journals Risk of antimicrobial-associated organ injury among the older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tichawona Chinzowu ◽  
Sandipan Roy ◽  
Prasad S. Nishtala
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
General Adult Population

Abstract Background Older adults (aged 65 years and above) constitute the fastest growing population cohort in the western world. There is increasing evidence that the burden of infections disproportionately affects older adults, and hence this vulnerable population is frequently exposed to antimicrobials. There is currently no systematic review summarising the evidence for organ injury risk among older adults following antimicrobial exposure. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the relationship between antimicrobial exposure and organ injury in older adults. Methodology We searched for original research articles in PubMed, Embase.com, Web of Science core collection, Web of Science BIOSIS citation index, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ProQuest, and PsycINFO databases, using key words in titles and abstracts, and using MeSH terms. We searched for all available articles up to 31 May 2021. After removing duplicates, articles were screened for inclusion into or exclusion from the study by two reviewers. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of bias for cohort and case-control studies. We explored the heterogeneity of the included studies using the Q test and I2 test and the publication bias using the funnel plot and Egger’s test. The meta-analyses were performed using the OpenMetaAnalyst software. Results The overall absolute risks of acute kidney injury among older adults prescribed aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, and macrolides were 15.1% (95% CI: 12.8–17.3), 19.1% (95% CI: 15.4–22.7), and 0.3% (95% CI: 0.3–0.3), respectively. Only 3 studies reported antimicrobial associated drug-induced liver injury. Studies reporting on the association of organ injury and antimicrobial exposure by age or duration of treatment were too few to meta-analyse. The funnel plot and Egger’s tests did not indicate evidence of publication bias. Conclusion Older adults have a significantly higher risk of sustaining acute kidney injury when compared to the general adult population. Older adults prescribed aminoglycosides have a similar risk of acute kidney injury to the general adult population.

scholarly journals Efficacy of praziquantel has been maintained over four decades (from 1977 to 2018): A systematic review and meta-analysis of factors influence its efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e0009189
Author(s):  
Mizuho Fukushige ◽  
Margo Chase-Topping ◽  
Mark E. J. Woolhouse ◽  
Francisca Mutapi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Data Citation

Background The antihelminthic drug praziquantel has been used as the drug of choice for treating schistosome infection for more than 40 years. Although some epidemiological studies have reported low praziquantel efficacy in cure rate (CR) and/or egg reduction rate (ERR), there is no consistent robust evidence of the development of schistosome resistance to praziquantel (PZQ). There is need to determine factors that lead to variable treatment CR and/or ERR. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to review CR and ERR as well as identify their predictors. Methodology/Principal findings In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a literature review was conducted using Biosis Citation Index, Data Citation Index, MEDLINE, and Web of Science Core Collection all of which were provided through Web of Science. Alongside these, EMBASE, and CAB abstracts were searched to identify relevant articles. Random effect meta-regression models were used to identify the factors that influence CR and/or ERR by considering differences in host characteristics and drug dose. In total, 12,127 potential articles were screened and 146 eligible articles (published from 1979 to 2020) were identified and included for the meta-analysis. We found that there has been no significant reduction in CR or ERR over the study period. The results showed more variability in CR, compared with ERR which was more consistent and remained high. The results showed a positive effect of “PZQ treatment dose” with the current recommended dose of 40 mg/kg body weight achieving 57% to 88% CR depending on schistosome species, age of participants, and number of parasitological samples used for diagnosis, and ERR of 95%. Conclusions/Significance Based on a review of over 40 years of research there is no evidence to support concerns about schistosomes developing resistance to PZQ. These results indicate that PZQ remains effective in treating schistosomiasis.

scholarly journals Assessment of Risk Factors in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorush Niknamian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cultural Themes ◽  
History Of

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection and its complications are major health problems. The aim of this study were to investigate risk factors in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 174 patients with chronic hepatitis B who referred to the Shahid Mohammadi hospital in the city of Bandar Abbas, Iran. Information was collected through a questionnaire. Results: 174 persons (97 males, 77 females) with a mean age of 42.96 years. There was no significant relationship between the risk of having disease with gender, age, weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI and WHR (P> 0.05). The frequency of exposure to risk factors are as follows: such as history of hairdressers, vaccination, contact with suspected HBV persons, Family history of HBV positive in patients had higher prevalence than other groups. Conclusion: It seems to be more important to pay attention to lifestyles, jobs, and cultural themes of Iranian people that predispose people to risk factors so as to implement measures to control HBV spread. Also, awareness and social-health education in order to avoid unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner can be highly effective according to the high levels of hepatitis B infection among married persons. Despite existence of a long list of risk factors, various epidemiological studies with alternative methodologies along with meta-analysis of risk factors in each separate area seems to be helpful in collecting information about transmission.

scholarly journals Obesity and Mortality Among Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmina Nasrin Poly ◽  
Md. Mohaimenul Islam ◽  
Hsuan Chia Yang ◽  
Ming Chin Lin ◽  
Wen-Shan Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Class Iii Obesity

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already raised serious concern globally as the number of confirmed or suspected cases have increased rapidly. Epidemiological studies reported that obesity is associated with a higher rate of mortality in patients with COVID-19. Yet, to our knowledge, there is no comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of obesity and mortality among patients with COVID-19. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity, associated comorbidities, and other factors on the risk of death due to COVID-19. We did a systematic search on PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus between January 1, 2020, and August 30, 2020. We followed Cochrane Guidelines to find relevant articles, and two reviewers extracted data from retrieved articles. Disagreement during those stages was resolved by discussion with the main investigator. The random-effects model was used to calculate effect sizes. We included 17 articles with a total of 543,399 patients. Obesity was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality among patients with COVID-19 (RRadjust: 1.42 (95%CI: 1.24–1.63, p < 0.001). The pooled risk ratio for class I, class II, and class III obesity were 1.27 (95%CI: 1.05–1.54, p = 0.01), 1.56 (95%CI: 1.11–2.19, p < 0.01), and 1.92 (95%CI: 1.50–2.47, p < 0.001), respectively). In subgroup analysis, the pooled risk ratio for the patients with stroke, CPOD, CKD, and diabetes were 1.80 (95%CI: 0.89–3.64, p = 0.10), 1.57 (95%CI: 1.57–1.91, p < 0.001), 1.34 (95%CI: 1.18–1.52, p < 0.001), and 1.19 (1.07–1.32, p = 0.001), respectively. However, patients with obesity who were more than 65 years had a higher risk of mortality (RR: 2.54; 95%CI: 1.62–3.67, p < 0.001). Our study showed that obesity was associated with an increased risk of death from COVID-19, particularly in patients aged more than 65 years. Physicians should aware of these risk factors when dealing with patients with COVID-19 and take early treatment intervention to reduce the mortality of COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in east Africa: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies published from 2005 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Mukasa Kafeero ◽  
Dorothy Ndagire ◽  
Ponsiano Ocama ◽  
Ali Kudamba ◽  
Abdul Walusansa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Prevalence ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Published Research

Abstract Background The epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the general population in east Africa is not well documented. In this meta-analysis, we examined 37 full published research articles to synthesise up-to-date data on the prevalence and predictors of the HBV burden for the effective prevention and management of the virus in our region. Methods We examined 37 full published research articles found using PubMed, Scopus, African Journal Online (AJOL), and Google Scholar between May and October 2020. Dichotomous data on HBV prevalence and predictors of infection were extracted from the individual studies. The HBV prevalence, test of proportion, relative risk, and I2 statistics for heterogeneity were calculated using MedCalc software version 19.1.3. Begg’s tests was used to test for publication bias. Sources of heterogeneity were analysed through sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, and sub-group analysis at 95% CI. P < 0.05 was considered significant for all analyses. Results The prevalence of HBV was generally high (6.025%), with publications from Kenya (8.54%), Uganda (8.454%) and those from between 2011 and 2015 (8.759%) reporting the highest prevalence (P < 0.05). Blood transfusion, scarification, promiscuity, HIV seropositivity, and being male were independent predictors significantly associated with HBV infection (P < 0.05), with the male sex being the most strongly associated predictor of HBV infection. Meta-regressions for the pooled HBV prevalence and sample size, as well as the year of publication, lacked statistical significance (P > 0.05). Omitting the study with the largest sample size slightly increased pooled HBV prevalence to 6.149%, suggesting that the studies are robust. Begg’s test showed no evidence of publication bias for overall meta-analysis (p > 0.05). Conclusion The burden of HBV is still high, with the male sex, blood transfusion, body scarification, and HIV seropositivity being potential predictors of infection. Thus, it is important to scale up control and prevention measures targeting persons at high risk.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infection among people who use drugs in Iran: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trend analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasna Rostam-Abadi ◽  
Hossein Rafiemanesh ◽  
Jaleh Gholami ◽  
Behrang Shadloo ◽  
Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Hbsag Prevalence ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Prevalence

Abstract Background People who use drugs (PWUD) are considered as one of the main at-risk populations for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We conducted a systematic review on the prevalence of HBV infection among PWUD in Iran. Methods Consistent with PRISMA guideline, international (Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase) and national (Scientific Information Database) databases were searched using a comprehensive search strategy up to September 2019. The retrieved records were reviewed, and experts were contacted for unpublished studies. Studies on Iranian PWUD reporting HBV surface Antigen (HBsAg) prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) and non-injecting PWUD were included. HBsAg prevalence was pooled for PWID and non-injecting PWUD and for other subgroups using random-effects model meta-analysis. The trend of HBV prevalence over time was investigated using meta-regression analysis. Results Overall, 35 studies reported data on HBV infection among PWID (33 studies) and non-injecting PWUD (11 studies). The pooled prevalence of HBsAg among PWID was 4.8% (95% CI 3.7–6.2). The only risk factor significantly associated with the odds of positive HBsAg in PWID was the previous history of imprisonment (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.29–2.30, p value = 0.000). The pooled estimate of HBsAg among non-injecting PWUD was 2.9% (95% CI 2.5–3.2). Time trend analyses showed significant decrease in HBV prevalence among PWID reaching from 8.2% (95% CI 3.9–16.5) in 2004–2006 to 3.1% (95% CI 2.3–4.1) in 2016 and later (b = -0.07; p value = 0.05). No significant trend was detected for non-injecting PWUD. Conclusion The prevalence of HBV infection among non-injecting PWUD and even PWID was not considerably higher than the Iranian general population. This might be the result of extensive harm reduction interventions in Iran. However, it seems that there are subgroups of PWID, who do not adequately benefit from existing harm reduction interventions. Future programs should more specifically target these high-risk groups.

scholarly journals High prevalence of hepatitis B infections in Burkina Faso (1996–2017): a systematic review with meta-analysis of epidemiological studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa Lingani ◽  
Tomoyuki Akita ◽  
Serge Ouoba ◽  
Armel Moumini Sanou ◽  
Aya Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Prevalence

Hepatitis B or C prevalence in waste pickers from South America: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Souza-Silva ◽  
Marcos Paulo Gomes Mol
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
South America ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
Waste Pickers

ABSTRACT Background Waste pickers are considered a vulnerable population at risk for potential health damage. Taking into account the risk of hepatitis B or C infection in this population, the aim of this study was to show the prevalence of these diseases in waste pickers from South America, through a systematic review. Methods The search covered publications until February 2020, accessed through Google Scholar database. Epidemiological studies on hepatitis B or C focused on waste pickers in South America were included. All selected papers were evaluated for quality. Results Six studies composed this systematic review, all conducted in Brazil and using cross-sectional study. The prevalence of all makers (HBsAg or anti-HBc) for hepatitis B varied from 4.3 to 33.4% while for hepatitis C varied from 1.6 to 12.4%. Conclusion The lack of results showed the requirement for more research about hepatitis including this informal workers group. High prevalences of hepatitis B and C in waste pickers highlighted the need of increase preventive health protection as vaccination against hepatitis B; training on working conditions; and the use of individual protection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document