Abstract 205: Impact of PLPP3 Gene Deficiency on Lipid Metabolism and Signaling
Genome wide association studies identify heritable variants within the final intron of the PLPP3 gene that associate with coronary artery disease risk. The risk associated alleles of these variants alter activity of an enhancer sequence that acts in cis to upregulate expression of the gene in response to inflammatory and atherogenic stimuli (for example oxidized low density lipoprotein) and may have longer distance effects on expression of other genes. PLPP3 encodes lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 (LPP3) which is an integral membrane enzyme that dephosphorylates lipid phosphate esters. These substrates are bioactive signaling molecules at the cell surface including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) and intracellular intermediates in pathways of lipid metabolism and signaling, for example ceramide 1 phosphate and phosphatidic acid. PLPP3 is essential for vascular development in mice. We have generated mice with inducible post-natal and tissue specific inactivation of this gene which are viable and exhibit accelerated atherosclerosis on a low density lipoprotein receptor knockout background after feeding atherogenic diets. Analysis using targeted and untargeted approaches using multistage and high resolution mass spectrometry reveal that LPP3 deficiency results in significant differences in levels of some LPP3 substrates and products in cells, tissues and biological fluids from these animals. These observations support the hypothesis that alterations in levels of these LPP3 substrates or their dephosphorylation products account for or contribute to the mechanisms by which alterations in LPP3 expression influence cardiovascular disease risk.