scholarly journals Central Versus Peripheral Artery Stiffening and Cardiovascular Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1028-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikai Yu ◽  
Carmel M. McEniery
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Peripheral Arteries ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Independent Determinant

The large elastic arteries fulfill an important role in buffering the cyclical changes in blood pressure, which result from intermittent ventricular ejection. With aging and accrual of cardiovascular risk factors, the elastic arteries stiffen, and this process holds a number of deleterious consequences for the cardiovascular system and major organs. Indeed, arterial stiffness is now recognized as an important, independent determinant of cardiovascular disease risk. Additional, important information concerning the mechanisms underlying arterial stiffening has come from longitudinal studies of arterial stiffness. More recently, attention has focused on the role of peripheral, muscular arteries in cardiovascular disease risk prediction and, in particular, the clinical consequences of reversal of the normal gradient of arterial stiffness between central and peripheral arteries, with aging and disease.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: How Relevant in African Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen-Deprivation Therapy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Okon Ekwere Essien ◽  
Iya Eze Bassey ◽  
Rebecca Mtaku Gali ◽  
Alphonsus Ekpe Udoh ◽  
Uwem Okon Akpan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Purpose Cardiovascular disease risk factors have been associated with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in white and Hispanic populations. It is therefore relevant to determine if there exists a relationship between these parameters in the African population. Patients and Methods The design of the study was cross sectional. Prostate-specific antigen concentration, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, glucose level, and insulin level were determined in 153 patients with prostate cancer and 80 controls. The patients with prostate cancer were divided into subgroups of treatment-naïve patients and those receiving ADT. Results Mean total cholesterol ( P = .010), LDL cholesterol ( P = .021), BMI ( P = .001), and waist circumference ( P = .029) values were significantly higher in patients treated with ADT when compared with treatment-naïve patients. In patients treated with ADT for up to 1 year, only mean BMI was significantly higher than in treatment-naïve patients, whereas those treated with ADT for more than 1 year had significantly higher mean BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol values when compared with treatment-naïve patients. There were no significant differences in insulin or glucose levels. Those undergoing hormone manipulation after orchiectomy had fewer cardiovascular risk factors compared with those undergoing hormone manipulation alone. Conclusion This study shows that ADT results in elevated total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, BMI, and waist circumference values, all of which are risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Screening for cardiovascular risk factors should be included in treatment plans for patients with prostate cancer.

Abstract P375: Vascular Age Versus Calendar Age as Surrogate for Atherosclerotic Burden and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne A Peters ◽  
Karlijn A Groenewegen ◽  
Hester M den Ruijter ◽  
Michiel L Bots
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Vascular Age

Background Vascular age is the chronological age of an individual adjusted by their level of atherosclerosis. Vascular age can be used as understandable communication tool towards patients. It has been proposed that carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) could be used to estimate the vascular age in individuals. The issue on how to best estimate vascular age remains an unanswered question and was evaluated in this study. Methods Data were used from the USE-IMT study collaboration, a global individual patient data meta-analysis including 14 population-based cohorts contributing data for 45 828 individuals. We used two methods to define vascular age. First, vascular age was the age at which a participant’s CIMT value would be at the 50th percentile of the age-and sex specific reference values of the healthy USE-IMT subpopulation (VA50). Second, vascular age was the age at which the estimated cardiovascular risk equals the risk of the observed CIMT value (VArisk). Results Mean (+/- standard deviation [SD]) chronological age, VA50, and VArisk were 58 (9), 63 (19), and 59 (7) years, respectively. VArisk was 0.24 yrs higher in women and 1.5 yrs higher in men than chronological age whereas VA50 was 4.4 yrs higher in women and 5.8 yrs higher in men than chronological age. After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, a SD increase in VA50 and VArisk was associated with a 15% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12; 1.19) and 22% (95% CI: 1.17; 1.28) higher risk of cardiovascular disease. For comparison, a SD increase in mean common CIMT increased the risk of cardiovascular disease with 15% (95% CI: 1.12; 1.19). Conclusion We presented two distinct measures a vascular age: VA50, and VArisk. VA50 is a straightforward translation of CIMT and is a measure of the age at which the average person would be expected to have a certain CIMT. In contrast, VArisk incorporates information about expected cardiovascular risk and is the chronological age of a person that conveys the same risk as the CIMT. VA50 and VArisk might provide a convenient transformation of CIMT to a scale that is more easily understood by patients and clinicians.

Thirty-year cardiovascular risk score in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 651-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Coello ◽  
Hanne L Kjærstad ◽  
Sharleny Stanislaus ◽  
Sigurd Melbye ◽  
Maria Faurholt-Jepsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Age And Sex

Objectives: Bipolar disorder is associated with a decreased life expectancy of 8–12 years. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of excess mortality. For the first time, we investigated the Framingham 30-year risk score of cardiovascular disease in patients with newly diagnosed/first-episode bipolar disorder, their unaffected first-degree relatives and healthy individuals. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we compared the Framingham 30-year risk score of cardiovascular disease in 221 patients with newly diagnosed/first-episode bipolar disorder, 50 of their unaffected first-degree relatives and 119 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals with no personal or first-degree family history of affective disorder. Among patients with bipolar disorder, we further investigated medication- and illness-related variables associated with cardiovascular risk. Results: The 30-year risk of cardiovascular disease was 98.5% higher in patients with bipolar disorder ( p = 0.017) and 85.4% higher in unaffected first-degree relatives ( p = 0.042) compared with healthy individuals in models adjusted for age and sex. When categorizing participants in low cardiovascular risk without considering age and sex distribution among participants, 81% of patients were at low risk, versus 92% of unaffected relatives and 89% of healthy individuals. Of the patients 209 (94.6%) were diagnosed within the preceding 2 years. Smoking was more prevalent among patients with bipolar disorder (45.2%) and their unaffected first-degree relatives (20.4%) compared with healthy individuals (12.8%). Similarly, dyslipidemia was more common among patients with bipolar disorder compared with healthy individuals. Treatment with psychotropic medication with metabolic adverse effects was associated with higher 30-year cardiovascular disease risk score, whereas we did not find illness-related variables associated with cardiovascular risk among patients with bipolar disorder. Conclusion: We found an enhanced cardiovascular disease risk score in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives, which points to a need for specific primary preventive interventions against smoking and dyslipidemia in these populations.

scholarly journals Habitual physical activity is not associated with lower cardiovascular risk profile or higher aerobic fitness

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Denis Fabrício Valério ◽  
Arthur Fernandes Gáspari ◽  
Giovana Vergínea de Souza ◽  
Cleiton Augusto Libardi ◽  
Claudia Regina Cavaglieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Profile ◽  
Vo2 Max

Introduction: Physical inactivity is considered as one of the factors to increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and decrease aerobic fitness mainly in middle-age. Increased habitual physical activity (HPA) is one of the strategies recommended to reduce physical inactivity. However, it is not known whether middle-age individuals who exclusively perform greater amount of HPA have greater aerobic fitness and / or a lower risk of CVDs. Objective: Verify the association between HPA with the risk of CVDs and aerobic fitness in individuals who only perform HPA. Method: We selected 89 male volunteers, age: 47.4 ± 5.06 years, who did not practice systemized physical training. Our measurements were: HPA by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Baecke questionnaires, the aerobic fitness by direct assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 máx) and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease by the score calculation of General Cardiovascular Risk Profile from Framingham Study. Results: There was no correlation of the HPA level with cardiovascular risk factors, general cardiovascular disease risk and VO2 máx. Moreover, no difference was found between the categorical groups of the IPAQ questionnaire and between the groups, “clusters”, calculated from the Baecke questionnaire scores for the variables of cardiovascular risk, general cardiovascular disease risk and VO2 máx. Conclusion: This study have found that the HPA level of middle-aged men is not associated with lower cardiovascular risk profile or higher aerobic fitness, suggesting that only increase HPA may not be enough to promote beneficial adaptations in aerobic fitness and improve risk profile for CVDs. These results may be related to low volume and intensity of HPA, which reinforces the importance of performing physical training with control of these variables for health promotion.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Analysis of Apolipoprotein CIII Glycosylation by Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Demus ◽  
Annemieke Naber ◽  
Viktoria Dotz ◽  
Bas C. Jansen ◽  
Marco R. Bladergroen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Sinapinic Acid ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Ultrahigh Resolution ◽  
Apolipoprotein Ciii

Apolipoprotein-CIII (apo-CIII) is a glycoprotein involved in lipid metabolism and its levels are associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Apo-CIII sialylation is associated with improved plasma triglyceride levels and its glycosylation may have an effect on the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by directing these particles to different metabolic pathways. Large-scale sample cohort studies are required to fully elucidate the role of apo-CIII glycosylation in lipid metabolism and associated cardiovascular disease. In this study, we revisited a high-throughput workflow for the analysis of intact apo-CIII by ultrahigh-resolution MALDI FT-ICR MS. The workflow includes a chemical oxidation step to reduce methionine oxidation heterogeneity and spectrum complexity. Sinapinic acid matrix was used to minimize the loss of sialic acids upon MALDI. MassyTools software was used to standardize and automate MS data processing and quality control. This method was applied on 771 plasma samples from individuals without diabetes allowing for an evaluation of the expression levels of apo-CIII glycoforms against a panel of lipid biomarkers demonstrating the validity of the method. Our study supports the hypothesis that triglyceride clearance may be regulated, or at least strongly influenced by apo-CIII sialylation. Interestingly, the association of apo-CIII glycoforms with triglyceride levels was found to be largely independent of body mass index. Due to its precision and throughput, the new workflow will allow studying the role of apo-CIII in the regulation of lipid metabolism in various disease settings.

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